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Manuscripts
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Delaware County District Library, Delaware, Ohio
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Fayette County Historical Society, Washington Court House, Ohio
William Anderson Post 244, Grand Army of the Republic, Post Minute Book
Oberlin College Archives, Oberlin, Ohio
William E. Bigglestone Papers
Elliott F. Grabill Papers
Ohio History Connection, Columbus, Ohio
Albert Rogall Papers
Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Ohio Records, 1876–1936
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Portsmouth Public Library, Portsmouth, Ohio
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Book Records of Vol. Union Org., 27th USCT Infantry
Regimental Descriptive and Guard Report Book
Descriptive Book, Companies A–K
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Letters Received by the Commission Branch of the Adjutant General’s Office, 1863–1870, M1064
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“The Negro in the Military Service of the United States, 1639–1886,” M858
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Organizational Index to Pension Files of Veterans Who Served between 1861 and 1900, T289
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William Gladstone Collection, 1862–1890
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———. Civil War Muster Rolls. U.S. Colored Troops, 27th Regiment. GR 2058 and 2059. Ohio History Connection, Columbus.
———. Grave Registration Cards A-Z, Soldiers Buried in Ohio from the Revolutionary War to World War II, ca. 1810–1967. Ohio History Connection, Columbus.
———. Report of Examination of Candidates for Officers in Colored Regiments, 1863. Ohio History Connection, Columbus.
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———. First Annual Report of the Board of Managers of the Ohio Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Orphans’ Homes to the Governor of the State of Ohio. November 15th, 1870. Columbus: Nevins and Myers, State Printers, 1871.
———. Message and Annual Reports for 1865, Made to the Fifty-seventh General Assembly of Ohio, at the Regular Session, Begun and Held in the City of Columbus, January 1, 1866. Part I. Columbus: Richard Nevins, State Printer, 1866.
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———. Special Schedules of the Eleventh Census (1890) Enumerating Union Veterans and Widows of Union Veterans of the Civil War. M123. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1890.
———. Tenth Census of the United States, 1880. T9. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1880.
———. Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910. T624. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1910.
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———. “Report on the Treatment of Prisoners of War, by the Rebel Authorities, during the War of Rebellion: to which are Appended the Testimony taken by the Committee, and Official Documents and Statistics, Etc.” 40th Cong., 3rd sess., House Report 45. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1869.
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Newspapers
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Athens (Ohio) Messenger
Beacon Journal (Akron)
Cairo (Illinois) Daily Bulletin
Champion City Times (Springfield)
Christian Recorder (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Cincinnati Daily Commercial
Cincinnati Daily Press
Circleville (Ohio) Union Herald
Cleveland Gazette
Cleveland Morning Leader
Cleveland Press
Clinton (Ohio) Republic
Columbus Crisis
Columbus Gazette
Daily Ohio Statesman (Columbus)
Delaware (Ohio) Gazette
Evening Observer (Dunkirk, N.Y.)
Fremont (Ohio) Journal
Hancock Jeffersonian (Findlay, Ohio)
Highland Weekly News (Hillsboro, Ohio)
Ironton (Ohio) Evening Tribune
Lancaster (Ohio) Gazette
Lancaster Ohio Eagle
Massillon (Ohio) Independent
National Tribune (Washington, D.C.)
Newark (Ohio) Advocate
News Herald (Hillsboro, Ohio)
New York Times
Ohio State Journal (Columbus)
Portsmouth (Ohio) Daily Times
Portsmouth (Ohio) Times
Richmond (Ohio) Daily Dispatch
Ripley (Ohio) Bee
Scioto Gazette (Chillicothe, Ohio)
Springfield (Ohio) Gazette
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Books
Adams, Alvin C. Ancestors of the Tablers of Tablertown. Kilvert, Ohio: M. Tabler, 1993.
Adams, George W. Doctors in Blue: The Medical History of the Union Army in the Civil War. New York: Henry Schuman, 1952.
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Aptheker, Herbert. The Negro in the Civil War. New York: International, 1938.
Ayers, Edward L., ed. “A House Divided”: A Century of Great Civil War Quotations. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1997.
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Berry, Mary Frances. Military Necessity and Civil Rights Policy: Black Citizenship and the Constitution, 1861–1868. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1977.
Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass’ Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1989.
———. Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, 2001.
———. “Traced by Blood: African Americans and the Legacies of the Civil War.” In Cooper and McCardell, In the Cause of Liberty, 136–53.
Blight, David W., and Brooks D. Simpson, eds. Union and Emancipation: Essays on Politics and Race in the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: Kent State Univ. Press, 1997.
Blue, Herbert T. History of Stark County, Ohio, From the Age of Prehistoric Man to the Present Day. Chicago: Clarke, 1928.
Boatner, Mark M, III. The Civil War Dictionary. 1959. Reprint. New York: Vintage Books, 1988.
Brandt, Nat. The Town That Started the Civil War. New York: Dell, 1991.
Burchard, Peter. One Gallant Rush: Robert Gould Shaw and his Brave Black Regiment. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1965.
Caldwell, J. A. History of Belmont and Jefferson Counties, Ohio, and Incidentally Historical Collections Pertaining to Border Warfare and the Early Settlement of the Adjacent Portion of the Ohio Valley. Wheeling, W.Va.: Historical, 1880.
Casey, John A., Jr. New Men: Reconstructing the Image of the Veteran in Late-Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Culture. New York: Fordham Univ. Press, 2015.
Cavanaugh, Michael A., and William Marvel. The Battle of the Crater: “The Horrid Pit,” June 25–August 6, 1864. Lynchburg, Va.: H. E. Howard, 1989.
Cheek, William, and Aimee Lee Cheek. John Mercer Langston and the Fight for Black Freedom. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1989.
Clarke, Frances M. War Stories: Suffering and Sacrifice in the Civil War North. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2011.
Contosta, David R. Lancaster, Ohio, 1800–2000: Frontier Town to Edge City. Columbus: Ohio State Univ. Press, 1999.
Cooper, William J., Jr., and John M. McCardell Jr., eds. In the Cause of Liberty: How the Civil War Redefined American Ideals. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 2009.
Cornish, Dudley Taylor. The Sable Arm: Black Troops in the Union Army, 1861–1865. 1956. Reprint. Lawrence: Univ. Press of Kansas, 1987.
Costa, Dora L., and Matthew E. Kahn. Heroes and Cowards: The Social Face of War. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 2008.
Curry, Leonard P. The Free Black in Urban America 1800–1850: The Shadow of the Dream. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1981.
Davis, Hugh. “We Will be Satisfied with Nothing Less”: The African American Struggle for Equal Rights in the North during Reconstruction. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 2011.
Davis, Russell H. Black Americans in Cleveland from George Peake to Carl B. Stokes, 1796–1969. Washington, D.C.: Associated, 1972.
Davis, William C. Death in the Trenches: Grant at Petersburg. Alexandria, Va.: Time Life Books, 1986.
Dean, Eric T., Jr. Shook Over Hell: Post-Traumatic Stress, Vietnam, and the Civil War. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1997.
Dobak, William A. Freedom by the Sword: The U.S. Colored Troops, 1862–1867. 2011. Reprint. New York: Skyhorse, 2013.
Downs, Jim. Sick from Freedom: African-American Illness and Suffering during the Civil War and Reconstruction. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2012.
Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Univ. Press, 2001.
Escott, Paul D. “What Shall We Do With the Negro?”: Lincoln, White Racism, and Civil War America. Charlottesville: Univ. of Virginia Press, 2009.
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Evans, Nelson W. A History of Scioto County, Ohio, Together with a Pioneer Record of Southern Ohio. Portsmouth, Ohio: Nelson W. Evans, 1903.
Faust, Drew Gilpin. This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War. New York: Vintage Books, 2009.
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———. Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad. New York: W. W. Norton, 2015.
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Gallman, J. Matthew. Defining Duty in the Civil War: Personal Choice, Popular Culture, and the Union Home Front. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2015.
———. The North Fights the Civil War: The Home Front. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1994.
Gannon, Barbara A. The Won Cause: Black and White Comradeship in the Grand Army of the Republic. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2011.
Geary, James W. We Need Men: The Union Draft in the Civil War. DeKalb: Northern Illinois Univ. Press, 1991.
Gerber, David A. Black Ohio and the Color Line, 1860–1915. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1976.
———, ed. Disabled Veterans in History. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2000.
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Glasson, William H. Federal Military Pensions in the United States. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1918.
Glatthaar, Joseph T. Forged in Battle: The Civil War Alliance of Black Soldiers and White Officers. 1990. Reprint. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 2000.
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Hine, Darlene Clark, and Earnestine Jenkins, eds. “Manhood Rights”: The Construction of Black Male History and Manhood, 1750–1870. Vol. 1 of A Question of Manhood: A Reader in U.S. Black Men’s History and Masculinity. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1999.
History of Champaign County, Ohio…. Chicago: W. R. Beers, 1881.
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Hoganson, Kristin L. Fighting for American Manhood: How Gender Politics Provoked the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Press, 1998.
Hollandsworth, James G., Jr. The Louisiana Native Guards: The Black Military Experience During the Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press, 1995.
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Holmes, Amy E. “‘Such is the Price We Pay’: American Widows and the Civil War Pension System.” In Vinovskis, Toward a Social History, 171–95.
Howard, Victor B. Black Liberation in Kentucky: Emancipation and Freedom, 1862–1884. Lexington: Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1983.
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Hubbell, John T. “Abraham Lincoln and the Recruitment of Black Soldiers.” In “For a Vast Future Also”: Essays from the Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association, edited by Thomas F. Schwartz, 57–68. New York: Fordham Univ. Press, 1999.
Humphreys, Margaret. Intensely Human: The Health of the Black Soldier in the American Civil War. Baltimore: John Hopkins Univ. Press, 2008.
———. Marrow of Tragedy: The Health Crisis of the American Civil War. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2013.
Janney, Caroline E. Remembering the Civil War: Reunion and the Limits of Reconciliation. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2013.
Jordan, Brian Matthew. Marching Home: Union Veterans and Their Unending War. New York: Liveright, 2014.
Kelly, Patrick J. Creating a National Home: Building the Veterans’ Welfare State, 1860–1900. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1997.
———. “The Election of 1896 and the Restructuring of Civil War Memory.” In The Memory of the Civil War in American Culture, edited by Alice Fahs and Joan Waugh, 180–212. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2004.
Kemp, Thomas R. “Community and War: The Civil War Experience of Two New Hampshire Towns.” In Vinovskis, Toward a Social History, 31–77.
Kern, Kevin F., and Gregory S. Wilson. Ohio: A History of the Buckeye State. Malden, Mass.: Wiley Blackwell, 2014.
Kinard, Jeff. The Battle of the Crater. 1995. Reprint. Abilene, Tex.: McWhiney Foundation Press, 1998.
Knepper, George W. Ohio and Its People. 1989. Reprint. Kent, Ohio: Kent State Univ. Press, 2003.
LaRue, Paul. William Anderson Post 244, Grand Army of the Republic, United States Colored Troops, Washington Court House, Ohio, 1882–1912. Washington Court House, Ohio: Washington High School, 2000.
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Articles
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Rodabaugh, James H. “The Negro in Ohio.” Journal of Negro History 31 (Jan. 1946): 9–29.
Sacks, Howard L., and Judith R. Sacks. “Way up North in Dixie: Black-White Musical Interaction in Knox County, Ohio.” American Music 6, no. 4 (Winter 1988): 409–27.
Shaffer, Donald R. “‘I Do Not Suppose That Uncle Sam Looks at the Skin’: African Americans and the Civil War Pension System, 1865–1934.” Civil War History 46, no. 2 (June 2000): 132–47.
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Sherwood, Henry N. “The Settlement of John Randolph’s Slaves in Ohio.” Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting of the Mississippi Valley Historical Association 5 (1911–1912): 39–59.
Skocpol, Theda. “America’s First Social Security System: The Expansion of Benefits for Civil War Veterans.” Political Science Quarterly 108, no. 1 (Spring 1993): 85–116.
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Southern, Eileen. “The Antebellum Church.” Black American Literature Forum 25, no.1 (Spring 1991): 23–26.
Taylor, Brian. “A Politics of Service: Black Northerners’ Debates over Enlistment in the American Civil War.” Civil War History 58, no. 4 (Dec. 2012): 451–80.
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Yardley, Anne Bagnell. “Choirs in the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1800–1860.” American Music 17, no.1 (Spring 1999): 39–64.
Dissertations, Theses, and Unpublished Papers
Blaine, Craig J. “Forgotten Men: A Collective Biography of Black and White Ohioans in the Ranks of the Union Army.” MA thesis, Kent State Univ., 1973.
Felix, James. “The American Addition: the History of a Black Community.” PhD diss., Ohio State Univ., 1972.
Howard, Marilyn K. “Black Lynching in the Promised Land: Mob Violence in Ohio 1876–1916.” PhD diss., Ohio State Univ., 1999.
Lammermeier, Paul J. “Family and Occupational Structures in the Upper Ohio Valley: 1850–1880, A Comparative Study of Six Large and Small Urban Black Communities.” Paper presented at the Brockport Conference on Social and Political History, Brockport, N.Y., Sept. 1972.
Noyes, Elmer Edward. “A History of the Grand Army of the Republic in Ohio From 1866–1900.” PhD diss., Ohio State Univ., 1945.
Selby, Kelly D. “Beyond the Margins: Ohio’s Black Veterans and Civil War Commemoration.” Paper presented at the Ohio Academy of History Spring Meeting, Kent State Univ., Stark Campus, Canton, Ohio, Apr. 26, 2003.
Shaffer, Donald R. “Towards a Collective Biography of the USCT: The Prewar Backgrounds of Black Civil War Soldiers.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Military History, Bethesda, Md., Apr. 9, 1994.
Snay, Mitchell. “Democracy and Race in the Late Reconstruction South: The White Leagues of Louisiana.” Paper presented at the 13th Annual Symposium on Democracy, Kent State Univ., Kent, Ohio, Apr. 24, 2012.
Trenchard, Kelly D. “The Home Front Spheres in the North: Fannie Bailey and Oberlin, Ohio during the Civil War.” MA thesis, Kent State Univ., 1997.
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