Energy Modeling in Architectural Design

A.3 Baseline Project Example

Date: April 2016

	Project Details

Elementary School Example
#001-2017
Building Type	Education	Primary School
Location	City: El Paso	State: Texas
	Climate Zone	3B
Building Size	Gross Area	73,960 ft²
	Dimensions	340’ x 270’
	Floors	1 floor with 13 foot floor to floor height
Site	Orientation	North-east
	Context	Suburban

		Baseline Settings	Notes

Operations
	Occupants	1,477 total occupants
	Schedule	M-F, 95% 9am - 4pm, 15% 4pm - 9pm
Envelope
Exterior Walls	Steel-framed walls	Mtl studs 2×4 16″ OC ASHRAE 90.1 Requirements Above grade non-res R = 13 + 3.8 c.i	Construction type: 2003 CBECS Data and PNNL’s CBECS Study 2007
		Non-res Ext. Wall U w/ film = 0.437 W/m²-K = 0.077 Btu/h ft² F	ASHRAE 90.1
		Reflectance = 0.30	Annual Building Utility Performance Summary, html
	Wall Sheathing	0.625″ gyp board	Exterior Wall Layers: default 90.1 Layering
	Ext. finishing	0.75″ Stucco
	Interior finish	0.625″ gyp board
Roof	Built-up roof	Non-res, insulation entirely above deck	Construction type: 2003 CBECS Data and
		ASHRAE 90.1 Requirements Non-res R = 20 c.i.	PNNL’s CBECS Study 2007.
		Non-res roof U w/ film = 0.219 W/m²-K = 0.039 Btu/h ft² F	ASHRAE 90.1
		(No basement included in baseline)
Windows	Windows Areas	Based on window fraction, location, glazing sill height, floor area and aspect ratio	PNNL’s Glazing Market Data for ASHRAE spreadsheet
		Operable area: 35%
	Area of multiplied openings*	Total or average: 903.75 m² = 9,727.88 ft² North total or average: 324.80 m² = 3,496.12 ft²	Annual Building Utility Performance Summary, html
	Glass	Non-north total or average: 578.95 m² = 6,231.77 ft² average: 3.184 W/m²-K =	Annual Building Utility
	U-factor*	0.561 Btu/h ft² F North average: 3.191 W/m²-K = 0.562 Btu/h ft² F	Performance Summary, html
		Non-north average:3.181 W/ m²-K = 0.5602 Btu/h ft² F
	Glass SHGC*	average: 0.221	Annual Building Utility
		North average: 0.218	Performance Summary, html
		Non-north average: 0.223
	Glass visible	average: 0.289	* Totals/average also include skylight glazing
	transmittance*	North average: 0.284	* Totals/average also include skylight glazing
		Non-north average: 0.291
	Window	Non-res; vertical glazing,	Score Card
	properties	30.1-40%	ASHRAE 90.1
		Metal Framing (all other)
		U = 0.65
		SHGC = 0.25
Skylight	Dimensions	Gymnasium/multipurpose room	Score Card
		Nine 4’×4’ skylights total skylight area = 144 ft² = 3.75% of gym roof area	ASHRAE 90.1
		Skylight with curb
		U = 1.30
		SHGC = 0.34
		U = 2.956 W/m² k = 0.521	Annual Building Utility
		Btu/h ft² F	Performance Summary.
		SHGC = 0.335	html
	Skylight	Meet ASHRAE 90.1
	Properties	Requirements
		Non-res; skylight with curb, glass, 2.1-5%
Foundation	Slab-on-grade (unheated)	6″ concrete slab poured directly on earth + Carpet	Score Card
		Meet ASHRAE 90.1 Requirements	ASHRAE 90.1
		Carpet and rubber pad R value = 1.23
		Concrete @ R = 0.0625/in -6″ = 0.38
		Annual Building Utility
		U w/ film = 0.219 W/m²-K = 0.219 Btu/h ft² F	Performance Summary, html
Infiltration	Air leakage	Peak: 0.2016 cfm/ft² of above grade exterior wall surface area (when fans turn off) Off-peak: 25% of peak infiltration rate (when fans turn on)	Reference: PNNL-18898: Infiltration Modeling Guidelines for Commercial Building Energy Analysis.
Internal		6″ standard wood 16.6 lb/ft²	Score Card
Mass
HVAC			ASHRAE Ventilation Standard 62.1
	Heating type	1. Gas furnace inside packaged AC unit	Score Card
		2. Hot water from a gas boiler for heating
	Cooling type Fans	Packaged AC Unit AC_2:5_unitary package =.85 m³/s =1801 cfm AC_1:6_unitary package = 1.50 m³/s = 3178 cfm AC_2:7_unitary package = 1.49 m³/s = 3157 cfm	Score Card
	Ventilation	Total OSA ventilation = .339 cfm/ft²	Score Card
	Central air capacity	Cooling coils nominal efficiency = 3.80 W/W	Annual Building Utility Performance Summary.
			html
	Heating capacity	Heating coils nominal efficiency = 0.80 W/W	Annual Building Utility Performance Summary, html
	Cooling set point	75\s=deg\F
	Heating set point	70\s=deg\F
	Cooling setback	80\s=deg\F
	Heating setback	60\s=deg\F
Lighting	Lighting power density (LPD)	Area weighted average of lighting = 1.19 W/ft² (More detailed schedule available in scorecard)	Score Card
Equipment	Appliances and equipment	Area weighted average plug and process load = 4.80 W/ft²	Score Card

A.4 Baseline Setting Template

Date: __________________

Project Details

Project Name

Number

Building Type	Commercial/Residential	Type
Location	City	State
	Climate Zone	#
Geometry	Gross Area
	Floors	# of floors ## foot floor to floor height
	Dimensions	L×W×H
Site	Orientation
	Vegetation
	Context	Urban, Suburban, Rural or None

	Baseline Model		Notes

Operations
Occupants		Total
Schedule		% occupancy each day of the week
Envelope
Exterior Walls
Interzonal Wall
Roof	Attic/Plenum
Basement	Finished Basement Unfinished basement Slab
Windows	Windows Areas Window Properties
Infiltration	Air Leakage
	Ventilation Rate
	Domestic Hot Water (DHW)
	Humidity
	Central Air Capacity
	Cooling Efficiency
	Heating Capacity
	Heating Efficiency
	Cooling Set Point
	Heating Set Point
Electrical
Lighting	Lighting Power Density (LPD)
	Exterior Lighting Density
	Lighting Controls
Equipment	Appliances and Equipment

ACH = air changes per hour; SC = shading coefficient; HX = heat exchanger; MBH = 1000 Btu/ hour; cfm = cubic feet per minute; c.i. = continuous insulation; UFAD = under floor air distribution; CV = constant volume; oc = on center; AHU = air handling unit; VAV = variable air volume; VFD = variable frequency drive.

A.5 Design Comparison Template