Neolithic • 8300–4500 B.C.
Chalcolithic • 4500–3200 B.C.
Early Bronze Age • 3200–2200 B.C.
Middle Bronze Age • 2200–1550 B.C.
Late Bronze Age • 1550–1200 B.C.
Iron Age I • 1200–1000 B.C.
Iron Age II • 1000–586 B.C.
Babylonian/Exilic Period • 586–539 B.C.
Persian Period • 539–332 B.C.
Hellenistic Period • 332–141 B.C.
Hasmonean Period • 141–37 B.C.
Roman Period • 37 B.C.–A.D. 133
Byzantine Period • A.D. 324–638
Arab Period • A.D. 638–1516
Crusader Period • A.D. 1099–1291
Ottoman Period • A.D. 1517–1917
British Mandate • A.D. 1917–1948
Modern Israel • A.D. 1948—present
Prepared by Duane A. Garrett