¹ Text: Ritampar—shes—pahi—phung-po (pron. Nampar—she—pay—phung—po), aggregate of consciousness—principle’, the Knower. The Block—Print contains,in place of this, Gsugs—hyi—phung—po (pron. Zu—kyi—p/mng—po),i aggregate of thebody’ or ‘Bodily—aggregate’.

² See p. io6.

³ The rays of divine grace are a hook of salvation to catch hold of the deceased and drag him away from the dangers of the Bardo. Sometimes each ray is thought of as ending in a hook, just as each ray emanating from the sun—god Ra, and descending as a grace ray upon a devotee, is depicted in ancient temples of Egypt as ending in a hand. Similarly, the Christian thinks of the saving grace of God.

⁴ The deceased is here thought of, perhaps, as being able to see his people on earth and as liable to anger should he see them disputing over the division of his property, or if he perceives avarice on the part of the lāma conducting the funeral rites. But the prohibition touching anger is essentially yogic, yogis of all religions recognizing that anger prevents spiritual progress; and it parallels the moral teaching against giving way to anger contained in the ancient Egyptian Precepts of Ptah—hotep.