¹See p. 1351.

²Herein the dåkinis are represented like various orders of fairy—like beings,some dwelling in one place, some in another. The eight places of cremationare the eight known to Hindu mythology ; the three abodes are the heart—centre,the throat—centre, and the brain—centre, over which, esoterically speaking,certain dåkinis (as the personification of the psychic forces resident in eachcentre) preside, just as other dåkinis preside over the holy—places and places ofpilgrimage.

³ That is, hides of räkshasas, an order of giant demoniacal beings having human form and possessed of certain siddhts (i. e. supernormal powers).

⁴ Tibetan Jamas, in chanting their rituals, employ seven (or eight) sorts of musical instruments: big drums, cymbals (commonly of brass), conch—shells, bells (like the handbells used in the Christian Mass Service), timbrels, small clarionets (sounding like Highland bagpipes), big trumpets, and human thighbone trumpets. Although the combined sounds of these instruments are far from being melodious, the /ätnas maintain that they psychically produce in the devotee an attitude of deep veneration and faith, because they are the counterparts of the natural sounds which one’s own body is heard producing when the fingers are put in the ears to shut out external sounds. Stopping the ears thus, there are heard a thudding sound, like that of a big drum being beaten; a clashing sound, as of cymbals ; a soughing sound, as of a wind moving through a forest—as when a conch—shell is blown ; a ringing as of bells ; a sharp tapping sound, as when a timbrel is used ; a moaning sound, like that of a clarionet; a bass moaning sound, as if made with a big trumpet; and a shriller sound, as of a thigh—bone trumpet.

Not only is this interesting as a theory of Tibetan sacred music, but it gives the clue to the esoteric interpretation of the symbolical natural sounds of Truth (referred to in the second paragraph following, and elsewhere in our text), which are said to be, or to proceed from, the intellectual faculties within the human mentality.