¹ See p. 85

² Lit,, ‘be recited always’.

³ Text: Bsgrub (pron. Dub) : Skt. Sādhanā, ‘ perfected devotion, which ordinarily requires the very careful performance of a ritual more or less technical and elaborate.

⁴ Fierce mastiffs are numerous in most Tibetan villages, and travellers protect themselves by special charms against them. This reference to seven mastiffs is purely Tibetan, and is additional internal evidence that the Bardo Thödol took form in Tibet itself, deriving much of its matter from Indian mythology and systems of Yoga philosophy.