¹Lama Kazi Dawa—Samdup has here ‘Birthplace Bardo ’. Apparently his manuscript has ‘skyes—gnas ‘instead of ‘skyes—nas’ which is found in the block—print. The latter means, literally, ‘having been born ’, that is, having been born into the state men call life. ‘Skyes—gnas ’ refers to the womb, the ‘place ‘(gnas) of birth; and this is the subject of the sixth verse, dealing with the bardo of rebirth, which, therefore, cannot be meant here, for otherwise there would be only five bardos instead of six.