n indicates notes
A
AAIA. See Association of American Indian Affairs (AAIA)
ABC. See Americans Before Columbus (ABC)
Aberdeen Area Office, 118
Abernathy, Ralph D., 8, 191
Abourezk, James, 115–118, 123, 124, 138, 157, 232–248, 280
Abraham Lincoln Awards, 11
Act of March 2, 1945, 63
Act of 1928, 267–268
Ad Hoc Committee for New Indian Politics, 90
Adams, Henry “Hank” Lyle
appraisals of agencies by, 275
broken treaties and, 11–14
Deloria and, 89
other infirmities and, 11–14
personal history of, 5–7
SAIA and, 7–11
Task Force 1 and, 223, 224–248, 232–248
as “the most important Indian,” 2–5
Adams, Jim, 5
Adams, John, 119, 239
Adams, State v., 10
Administrative Services Corporation (ASC), 277
Agnew, Spiro, 276
Agua Caliente Band of Mission Indians v. County of Riverside, 264, 265, 267
AIM. See American Indian Movement (AIM)
AIO. See Americans for Indian Opportunity (AIO)
AIPA. See American Indian Press Association (AIPA)
AITF. See American Indian Task Force (AITF)
AIU. See American Indians United (AIU)
Alaska Cession Treaty, 231
Alaska Natives, 180
Alaska Natives Claims Settlement, 117
Alaskan Native North Slope corporation at Barrow, 221
Alaskan Natives, 300
AAIA and, 279
American Indian Policy Review Commission and, 232
Nixon, Richard, and, 279
poverty of, 253–254
Alcatraz, 180, 185, 186
Alcatraz takeover, 89, 223
Alda, Alan, 200
“All citizens,” 41, 42
All Indians Coalition, 277–278
Allegheny, United States v., 260
Allotment Act. See General Allotment Act
American Friends Service Committee, 51
American Indian Chicago Conference, 6
American Indian Movement (AIM)
arrests and, 104
civil rights/termination and, 156, 170
delay and, 98
financing/funding sources of, 99
membership of, 96
Oglala Sioux Council and, 126–127
Oglala Sioux Tribe and, 102, 103
for rights/resources, 5
White House and, 131
Wilcox and, 109
American Indian Policy Review Commission
Adams’s brilliance regarding, 14
establishment of, 13
memorandum regarding, 224–231
overview of, 223
Task Force 1 and (See Task Force 1)
task force for, 166, 217
title regarding, 232–248
American Indian Press Association (AIPA), 110
American Indian Task Force (AITF), 277
American Indian Women (Gridley), 188
American Indians United (AIU), 277
Americans Before Columbus (ABC), 148, 174
Americans for Indian Opportunity (AIO), 277
Anderson column, 48, 296–297
Anderson, Eugene, 205
Anderson, Jack, 12, 13, 48, 219, 296–297
Andrews, Mark, 201
Annis, Earl LeRoy, 51
Apache historical content, 186
Apache life, 182
April 5th Agreement, 107, 108, 116, 132–133, 134, 135, 136
Arellano, John, 142
Arizona, 180
Arizona State Tax Commission, Warren Trading Post v., 262, 264, 265, 266, 269
Arizona Tribe, 239
Army Corps of Engineers, 64
Article
regarding civil rights/termination, 148–155
regarding media/literature/scholarship, 174–179
“As Long As The Rivers Run,” 52, 142
ASC. See Administrative Services Corporation (ASC)
Asner, Ed, 200
Aspinall, Wayne, 98
Assimilated Crimes Act, 228, 268
Association of American Indian Affairs (AAIA), 279
AuCoin, Les, 166
Axelrod, Beverly, 125, 128
B
Babby, Wyman, 104, 118, 164
Bad Cob, Tom, 131, 132
Bad Heart Bull, Dorene, 104
Bad Heart Bull, Wesley, 11
Baezes, Joan, 200
Balby, Wyman, 164
Banks, Dennis, 123, 124, 141, 156, 198
Barban, Charley, 189
Barsh, Russell, 197
Bellecourt, Clyde, 99
Belloni decision, 83
Belloni, Robert C., 27
Belvoir Castle, 7
Bennett, Ramona, 68, 198, 200, 251, 260, 294
Bennett, Tony, 200
Bergren, Mary, 118, 138
Berry, Ray W., 54, 58
Beverly, William W., 53
BIA. See Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
BIA building, 96, 97, 99, 111, 112, 114, 170, 182
Bill of Rights, 30
Billinghurst, Charles W., 54
Bissonette, Pedro, 124
Bitsuie, Donald, 185
Black Hills, 242, 247
Black Power movement, 2
Blacksmith, Larry, 296
Blatchford, Herb, 178
Block grants, 91n
Blue Lake, 180
Bogue, Andrew, 132
Boldt case, 219
Boldt decision, 9, 75, 76, 77, 79, 81, 83, 84, 218
Boldt, George H., 9, 29, 46, 295
Booz-Allen, 271
Boucher, Paul R., 296–298
Boyle, Tony, 158
Brando, Marlon, 129, 131, 173, 178, 182, 188, 189, 197, 198, 200
Brazil, 180
Bridges, Al, 8, 62
Bridges, Alvin, 61, 62
Bridges, Maiselle, 8
Bridges, Teresa, 68
Brown, Gerald, 178
Brown, Jerry, 200
Brown, William, 219
Bruce, Louis, 170, 219, 237
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
Adams as “the most important Indian” and, 5, 20
Adams’s critique of, 275, 276, 278
Adams/SAIA and, 8
American Indian Policy Review Commission and, 239, 248
Boucher and, 297
civil rights/termination and, 148, 149, 150, 152, 154, 156, 164, 166, 169
fishing rights and, 48, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 74, 75, 77, 85, 86, 279
Industrial Development Program of, 278
Larklain and, 272
media/literature/scholarship and, 204
militant Indian groups and, 287
Nisqually Indians and, 280
Nixon, Richard, and, 279
NTCA and, 286, 288
NTCFI and, 288
poverty and, 252–258
Task Force 1 and, 229, 230, 231
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 209, 210, 216
WK and, 11, 12, 13, 101, 102, 109, 113, 142, 143
Burland, United States v., 268
Burnette, Bob, 188, 189
Bush, George H. W., 217n
“Buy Indian” Act, 228
C
CAA. See Indian Community Action Agencies (CAA)
CAC. See Citizens Advocate Center (CAC)
Cahn, Edgar S., 277, 292–293
California, 14n, 180, 266
California Legal Services (CLSI), 278
Camp, Carter, 127, 141
Campaign of Awareness on Indian Rights, 219
“Campaign of Public Awareness,” 176, 178
Canada, 180
Canadian-American Management System, 78
Canadian-American Treaties on Fish Resources, 231
Carlucci, Frank, 287
Carpenter v. Shaw, 260, 261
Carter Administration, 292
Carter, Jimmy, 166n
Castillo, Elias, 50
Cavett, Dick, 189
CBP. See Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB)
Celestine, United States v., 269
Cellos, 299
Central Arizona Project Association, 97
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 199
Centralia Massacre, 43
Chandler, Rod, 218
Chapman, Art, 272
Chase v. United States, 264
Chávez, César, 2
Chehalis, 152, 166, 167
Cherokee, 240, 245, 300
Chicano movement, 2
Chicanos, 100
Chinook, 152
Choate v. Trapp, 264
Choctaw, 267
Churches, 10, 94, 236
CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
C.I.A.D. See Counterintelligence Analysis Detachment (C.I.A.D.)
Citizens Advocate Center (CAC), 277
City of Detroit, United States v., 260
Civil rights
article regarding, 148–155
essay regarding, 168–170
fishing rights and, 19
hearing regarding, 163–167
letter regarding, 156–157
overview of, 147
title regarding, 158–163
treaty rights and, 5
Civil Rights Group, 123
Claims Settlement Funds, 220
Clark, Blake, 208
Cloward, Richard A., 1
CLSI. See California Legal Services (CLSI)
Cohen, Felix, 213
Colburn, Wayne, 125, 136
Coleman, James S., 257
Collier, John, 168, 170
Collins, Anita, 12, 13
Colville Reservation, 265, 266
Colville Tribe, 194
Commerce clause, 212, 225–226, 261, 266
Commercial catch, 30–31
Commercial fisherman, 33
Community Relations Services (CRS), 126, 130
Congress. See United States Congress
Connecticut, Geer v., 24
Consciousness, transformation of, 1
Constitution of the State of Washington, 214
Constitution of the United States. See United States Constitution
Constitutional Bill of Rights, 30
Constitutional rights, 158
Contemporary American Indian Leaders (Gridley), 188
Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), 201, 202, 204, 205
Counterintelligence Analysis Detachment (C.I.A.D.), 50
Cowlitz Indians, 152
Cox Co., Pigeon River Co. v., 269
CPB. See Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB)
Critiques of federal/native agencies, 275–300
hearing regarding, 296–298
letter regarding, 276–279, 299–300
memorandum regarding, 280–285
title regarding, 286–295
Crouse, Carl, 83
Crow Dog, Leonard, 131, 132, 137
Crowe, John O., 97
CRS. See Community Relations Services (CRS)
Cunningham, Jack, 198
Custer Died for Your Sins (Deloria), 3
D
Daily, 65
Daily Olympian, 63
Dakah, 196, 197
Daney, United States v., 265, 267–268
Death of Pain, The, 195
Death of the Great Spirit (Shorris), 188
Defense Department, 60. See also Department of Defense
Deganawide-Quetzalcoatl University (DQU), 180
Deloria, Vine, 2–6, 10, 13, 89, 118, 156, 182, 197, 200, 220, 260
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), 126
Democrat National Convention, 111
Department of Defense, 55, 60, 254. See also Defense Department
Department of Fisheries, 77, 85, 177
Department of Game, 77, 177
Department of Game of Washington, Puyallup Tribe v., 23–24, 54
Department of Game, Puyallup Tribe v., 8
Department of Housing, 91n
Department of Indian Affairs, 239, 242
Department of Interior. See also Interior Department
fishing rights and, 50, 51, 55–57, 64, 67, 74–77, 83
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 214
WK and, 109, 112, 113, 120, 135, 142, 162, 164
Department of Justice. See also Justice Department
fishing rights and, 50, 51, 57, 67
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 212, 214
WK and, 120, 132, 142, 144
DeSersa, Aaron, 123
Dial, Nathaniel, 235
Dicks, Norm, 86, 87, 221
DMZ. See Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Doctrine of Conquest, 226
Doctrine of Eminent Domain, 28
Donation Law, 22
Donley, Owen, 270–272
Douglas, Cathy, 85
Douglas, William O., 23, 218
DQU. See Deganawide-Quetzalcoatl University (DQU)
Duncan, Robert B., 87
Dysart, George, 29, 30, 62, 63, 214
E
Eagle Bull, Toby, 116
Eastland, James O., 291
Eastman, Delmar, 122
Echohawk, John, 224, 238
Economic development
hearing regarding, 252–259
letter regarding, 260–273
overview of, 251
Economic Development Administration, 272
Editorial, regarding media/literature/scholarship, 180–181
Education/schools, 230–231, 257–258, 278
Egan, Kake v., 57
Ehrlichman, John, 287
1868 Sioux Treaty, 119, 121, 160
1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie, 105
1868 United States and Sioux Nation Treaty, 113
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 168, 169
El Salvador, 199
Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 7
Elk v. Wilkins, 263–264
Employment Assistance, 169
Employment Assistance programs, 256. See also Unemployment/jobs
Enabling Acts, 214, 218, 262, 263, 267
English v. Richardson, 264
Environmental Impact Statements, 144
Environmental Protection Agency, 143
Episcopal Church, 10
Erdoes, Richard, 188
Erickson, Ralph, 156, 158, 159, 287
Erosion, of Franks Landing, 63–64
Ervin, Sam, 156, 157, 158, 162, 164
Essay
regarding civil rights/termination, 168
regarding critiques of federal/native agencies, 276
regarding fishing rights, 45
Evans, Dan, 198, 200, 219
Evans, Daniel J., 100, 118
Evening Star, 48
Ex post facto law, 40
F
“Fair allocation,” 26
“Fair share,” 26
FBI. See Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Federal Advisory Committee Act, 286, 289
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Adams’s critique of, 275
American Indian Policy Review Commission and, 248
Boucher and, 297, 298
civil rights/termination and, 157, 160, 163, 164, 165
critiques of federal/native agencies and, 248, 275, 287, 297, 298
WK and, 104, 116, 118, 119, 142
Federal Fisheries Task Force, 85
Federal management system, 78
Federal Marshals Service, 118
Federal Policy 1962-1972, 57
Federal Trust Responsibility, 226
Felshaw, George M., 60
FF. See Ford Foundation (FF)
Film, 189, 204. See also Movie
Film Culture Reader, 203
Financial aid, 44
First Amendment, 10
Fish and Wildlife Service, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, 84
Fisheries and Game Department, 64
Fisheries Committee, 198
Fisheries Department, 45, 46, 83, 86
Fishery programs, 10
Fishery resources, 39, 42
Fishing rights
analysis of complaints in United States v. Washington and, 40–42
documents regarding, 19, 20–87
letter regarding, 21, 23–28, 48
media and, 173, 174
memorandum regarding, 21–22
Nisqually Indians and, 280, 283, 285
overview of, 19
Quileute Plan and, 279
Task Force 1 and, 225 (See also Task Force 1)
telegram regarding, 20
title regarding, 29–40, 43–87
Fishing rights battle, 9
Fishing rights decision, 8
Fishing rights wars, 5
Flooding, of Franks Landing, 63–64
Foley, Thomas S., 218
Fonda, Jane, 173, 197, 200
Fools Crow, Frank, 137, 139, 140
Ford Foundation (FF), 278
Ford, Gerald, 286
Ford, Giles, 151
Foreman, John, 182, 188
Forest management, 231
Fort Hall Indian Reservation, 101
Fort Lawton, 52, 185
Fort Lewis, 45, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64, 80
Fort McDowell Indian reservation, 98–99
Fort Peck Reservation, 5
Fourteenth Amendment, 226, 228, 261, 263
Franciosa, Tony, 200
Frank, Bill, Sr., 62
Frank, Billy, 85
Frank, Billy, Jr., 2, 4
Frank v. Morton, 300
Frank, William, Jr., 68
Frank, Willie, 60, 64
Frank, Willie, Sr., 59, 68
Franklin, Marvin, 109, 121, 122, 124, 158, 288
Franks Landing, 45, 51, 52, 53, 55, 58–64, 118, 182
Frank’s Landing, 7
Franks Landing Indian Community, 219
Freedom of Information Act, 287
Frizell, Kent, 69, 115, 116, 122–140
G
Gajarsa, Art, 219
Galbraith, A. W., 59
Gallup Indian Center, 277
Game and Fisheries Department, 45, 46
Game Department, 46, 83, 118
Game Patrol, 46
Game Patrol Riot Squad, 46
GAO. See General Accounting Office (GAO)
Garjarsa, Arthur, 288
Garment, Leonard
Boucher and, 297, 298
critiques of federal/native agencies and, 286, 287, 297, 298
NTCA and, 287
WK and, 13, 39, 69, 120–122, 125, 126, 131–134, 137–139
Geer v. Connecticut, 24
General Accounting Office (GAO), 156
General Allotment Act, 228, 261, 269
General Allotment Act of 1887, 151
General Convention Special Programs, 10
Georgia, Worcester v., 24, 213, 261, 268
Gereau, Gerald R., 115, 116, 117, 138, 156, 157
Getzelman, United States v., 213
Gibbs, Alan G., 50
God Is Red (Deloria), 3
“Good Faith,” 176, 177
Goodwin, William N., 59
Gover, Kevin, 232, 242
Grace Cathedral Episcopal Church, 178
Gray, L. Patrick, 119, 163, 165, 287, 291–292
Gray, Patrick, 159
Greece, 203
Green River fishing, 31
Greenhalgh, James M., 51–52
Greenwalt, Lynn, 74, 77, 78
Gregory, Dick, 50, 173, 197
Gridley, Marion, 188, 189
GSA. See US General Services Administration (GSA)
Guatemala, 199
H
Hallstern, Dick, 122, 123, 125, 126, 128, 130–137
Handbook of Federal Indian Law (Cohen), 213
Hansen, Julia Butler, 63, 164, 165, 169
Harjo, Suzan Shown, 5
Harris, LaDonna, 170, 277
Harrison, Cliff, 56
Hatfield, Mark O., 166, 167, 217
Hearing Before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs and the Committee on Commerce, 74
Hearing Before the Select Committee on Small Business, 296
Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Employment, Manpower, and Poverty of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, 252
Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Indian Affairs of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, 208
Hearings Before the Committee on the Judiciary. US Senate. Ninety-Third Congress, First Session. On the Nomination of Louis Patrick Gray III, of Connecticut, to be Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 163
Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Indian Affairs of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, 166
Highwater, Jamake, 173, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205
Holdt, George H., 218
Homestead Act, 228
House Concurrent Resolution 108, 14n. See also Indian Emancipation Proclamation
House Indian Affairs Subcommittee, 133
House Interior Committee, 217
House of Representatives. See United States House of Representatives
Housing, 91n, 258
Hull, Ron, 201, 205
Human rights, 19, 164
Hunt, Mike, 122, 128
Hunting rights, 225. See also Task Force 1
Hurd, R. D., 287–288
Hurd-Clayton statements/letters, 157
I
“I Have A Dream” oration, 198
I.C.C. See Indian Claims Commission (I.C.C.)
IDIL. See Institute for Development of Indian Law (IDIL)
IDP. See Industrial Development Program (IDP)
Ikebe, Harold, 62
Ikebe, Mildred, 61, 62
“In common with all citizens,” 42
“In lieu lands,” 280, 285
Indian Affairs Committee, 157, 168
Indian Appropriations Acts, 228
Indian Citizenship Act, 161, 185, 228
Indian claims
hearing regarding, 208–211
letter regarding, 212–215, 217–221
overview of, 207
title regarding, 216
Indian Claims Commission Act, 170
Indian Claims Commission (I.C.C.), 208, 208n, 209, 210, 225, 228
Indian Commercial, 30
Indian Community Action Agencies (CAA), 253
Indian Contingent National Poor Peoples Campaign, 21. See also Poor People’s Campaign
Indian Country, socioeconomic needs in, 251
Indian Country Today (ICT) (Deloria), 4
Indian Education Act, 257n
Indian Emancipation Proclamation, 14n. See also House Concurrent Resolution 108
Indian Financing Act, 170
Indian Financing Act of 1970, 278
Indian fisheries, 33, 40
Indian Fisheries Commission, 69
“Indian Fishing seasons,” 45
Indian health agency, 228
Indian law, 213
Indian liquor laws, 228
“Indian policy,” 252
“Indian Preference Act,” 204
Indian religion, 185
Indian Removal Acts, 228
Indian Reorganization Act (IRA), 168, 228, 235
misrepresentation as Native Indians and, 300
Nisqually Indians and, 280, 282, 283
Quinault Tribe and, 282–283
Indian Visionary Award, 4
Industrial Development Program (IDP), 278
Injunctive relief, 28
Institute for Development of Indian Law (IDIL), 118, 220
Intergovernmental relations, 89
Interior Department. See also Department of Interior
American Indian Policy Review Commission and, 239, 243
civil rights/termination and, 164, 168
fishing rights and, 48, 60, 83, 84
Nisqually Indians and, 280, 281, 283–284
NTCA and, 286, 288
Task Force 1 and, 229
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 212
WK and, 142
Interior Secretary Rogers Morton, Nisqually Indians v., 280
International treaties, 231
IRA. See Indian Reorganization Act (IRA)
J
Jack Anderson Associates, 48
Jackson, Andrew, 149, 168
“Jackson Connection,” 156
Jackson, Henry M.
civil rights/termination and, 156, 158, 161
fishing rights and, 45, 47, 115, 116, 117, 138
media/literature/scholarship and, 198
Jay Treaty, 231
Jefferson, Thomas, 199, 239
John, Herman, 62
John, Herman, Jr., 61
John, Herman Klaber, 61
John, Lizzie, 61
Johns, Herman, 62
Johnson, Lyndon B., 20, 169, 276
Johnson, Ralph W., 65
Johnson, Wally, 69
Johnson-O’Malley Act, 228, 278
Jones v. Meehan, 264
Judgement Awards, 220
Justice Department. See also Department of Justice
Boucher and, 297, 298
civil rights/termination and, 156–160, 162, 163, 164
fishing rights and, 46, 48, 57
Task Force 1 and, 229
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 208
WK and, 103, 108, 112, 113, 119, 121, 123, 131–132, 145
K
Kagama, United States v., 213, 215
Kake v. Egan, 57
Kalispels, 209–210
Kansas Indians case, The, 262–263
Kavopulu, Maria Paras, 203
Keeler, W. W., 300
Kempster, Norman, 192
Kennedy, Edward, 118, 193, 219, 257n
Kennedy, John F., 169
Kennedy, Robert F., 7, 8, 257n
Kennedy-Hatfield Amendment, 199
Kevis, Marceline, 175
Kickingbird, Kirke, 220
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 2, 8, 51, 191, 198, 293
Kinley, Forrest, 69, 84
Klamath, 14n, 235, 299
Kleindienst, Richard, 156, 158
Korea, 185
Krause, Carl, 77
L
Laird, Matheson v., 50
Laird, Melvin, 169
Lake Traverse Development Corporation, 272
Lake Traverse Reservation, 270
LaMont, Lawrence (Buddy), 137, 141
Land issues
hearing regarding, 208–211
letter regarding, 212–215, 217–221
overview of, 207
title regarding, 216
Land settlement case, 217n
Lands Claims Settlement Act, 300
Lane, Barbara, 9
Lane, Mark, 125, 128, 129, 133, 141
Larklain Products, Ltd., 271–272
Law
Donation, 22
ex post facto, 40
Indian, 213
Indian liquor, 228
Institute for Development of Indian, 117, 220
State, 45
supreme treaty, 45
treaty (See Treaty law)
Law of Nations, 239
Lawyers, 44
Leadership, in social movements, 1
“Legacy of Parks,” 180
Leonard, Jerris, 212
Leschi, 43
Letter
regarding civil rights/termination, 158
regarding critiques of federal/native agencies, 286, 291, 299
regarding fishing rights, 23, 37, 39, 48, 67, 69, 83
regarding McGovern’s comments on “rip-off artists,” 270–273
regarding media/literature/scholarship, 188, 191, 196, 197, 198, 201
regarding misrepresentation, 299–300
from Stevens, 21, 23–28
regarding taxation/economic development/socioeconomic issues, 260
regarding trust/land issues/Indian claims, 212, 217
regarding Trail of Broken Treaties/WK, 115, 142
“Limited responsibility,” 29–30
Literature
article regarding, 174–179
editorial regarding, 180–181
letter regarding, 188–190, 191–192, 196–205
memorandum regarding, 182–187
op. ed. regarding, 193–194
overview of, 173
poem regarding, 195
Little Bighorn Battlefield National Indian Memorial, 14
Little Bighorn National Monument, 5
Locklear, Dock, 296
Locklear, Keever, 296
Loesch, Harrison, 54, 56, 57, 96
Lohah, Charles, 277
Long, Dave, 103
Long, David, 164
Longest Walk, 89, 198
Lowry, Mike, 198, 199, 200
Lubell, Jonathan W., 202
Lyman, Stanley, 104, 109, 116, 118, 122, 164
M
Madison, James, 199
Magnuson, Warren G., 53, 56
Major and Assimilative Crimes Acts, 228
Makah Indian Tribe v. Tax Commission, 265
Makah Tribe, 175–176, 178
Malcolm X, 2
Mann, Abbie, 157, 182
Mann, Abby, 188, 189
Marcos, Ferdinand, 199
Marcos, Imelda, 199
Margold opinion, 239
Markishtum, Quentin, 175
Markopulos, George John, 203
Markopulos, Gregory, 173, 203
Markopulos, John, 203
Marks, Alexander, 202
Marks, J., 203
Marks, Marcia, 202
Marshall, John, 239, 240
Martinson, Kahler, 77, 78
Matheson, Dave, 278
Matheson v. Laird, 50
May 5th Agreement, 134–141
McCloud, Janet, 8
McCloud, Mike, 65, 185
McCloud, Zelma, 61
McDaniel, Robert, 191
McDermott, Jim, 218
McGovern, George, 11, 210, 211, 251, 270–273, 295
McManigal, J. Kenneth, 266
McMinds, Guy R., 74, 75
McNabb, Sandy, 170
McNickle, Darcy, 200
Means, Russell
civil rights/termination and, 156, 164
media/literature/scholarship and, 187, 200
Nicaragua and, 14
Twenty-Point Proposal and, 12
WK and, 13, 102, 103, 105, 108, 119–124, 127, 131–134
Means, Ted, 124
Media
article regarding, 174–179
editorial regarding, 180–181
letter regarding, 188–190, 191–192, 196–205
Makah Tribe and, 175–176
Markopulos and, 173
memorandum regarding, 182–187
op. ed. regarding, 193–194
overview of, 173
poem regarding, 195
social movements and, 1
WK and, 132
Medicine Creek Treaty
civil rights/termination and, 166
fishing rights and, 21–26, 33, 37, 50, 54–56, 62
Matheson and, 278
Nisquillay Indians and, 280, 285
taxation and, 261–263, 265, 269
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 212
Medicine Creek Treaty Indians, 44
Meeds, Lloyd, 96, 115, 133, 234, 237, 238, 242
Memorandum
regarding American Indian Policy Review Commission, 224
regarding critiques of federal/native agencies, 280
regarding fishing rights, 21, 29, 50
regarding media/literature/scholarship, 182
regarding Nisqually, 280–285
regarding Task Force 1, 224–241
regarding Trail of Broken Treaties/WK, 96, 118
regarding trust/land issues/Indian claims, 216
regarding WK, 118–141
Memorandum Agreement, 149
Menominee, 14n, 168, 169
Menominee Tribe v. United States, 24, 268, 269
Metcalf, Lee, 117
Metcalf, Smokey, 74, 75, 77, 79, 81, 82, 295
Mexico, 180
Migratory Birds Treaty, 231
Military uniform, 186
Miller, John, 218, 221, 299
Mills, Sid, 68, 119, 124, 129, 131, 185
Mills, Suzette, 46, 68
Minneapolic Field Office FBI Report, 157
Minnesota, 11, 14n, 94, 156, 180
Miskito people, 14
Misrepresentation as Native American, 299–300
Mitchell, John N., 212
Montana, 180, 218
Morris, Glenn, 14
Morrison, Sid, 218
Morrow v. United States, 264, 267
Morton, Frank v., 300
Morton, Rogers, 29, 77, 78, 158, 280, 286
Morton, Rogers C. B., 67, 83, 98, 99
Mother Butler Center, 124
Movie, 182, 189, 190, 196. See also Film
Mowbridge Plastic, 272
Mt. Adams, 180
Muckleshoot Indian Reservation, 35
Muckleshoot Indians, 31, 35, 166, 167
Muckleshoot White River fishery, 31
N
Nader, Ralph, 7
Nash, Doug, 224, 238
Nash, Philleo, 169
National Center for Dispute Settlement, 108, 132
National Congress of American Indians (NCAI)
Adams’s critique of, 275, 276
civil rights/termination and, 168
Deloria and, 3, 6
media/literature/scholarship and, 175
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 219
WK and, 89, 109, 110
National Council of Churches (NCC), 119
National Council on Indian Opportunity (NCIO), 169, 276, 277, 286, 287, 288
National Endowment for the Arts, 203
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 143, 144
National Indian Advisory Board, 7
National Indian Education Association (NIEA), 11
National Indian Housing & Construction Credit Authority, 91
National Indian Youth Council (NIYC)
Adams’s critique of, 275, 276–277
civil rights/termination and, 170
media/literature/scholarship and, 173, 175, 178
taxation/economic development/socioeconomic issues and, 252
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 208, 219
voting/fishing rights and, 5, 57
Warrior/Thom and, 6
National Marine Fisheries Sciences Services, 75
National Tribal Chairman’s Association (NTCA), 110, 169, 170, 275, 286–289
National Tribal Chairman’s Fund Incorporated (NTCFI), 288, 289
Nations of Indian People, 27
Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act, 91n
“Native American” term, 299–300
Native Americans
media/literature/scholarship and, 193
misrepresentation as, 299–300
Native languages, 257–258
Navajo, 257
Navajo Nation at Window Rock, 221
Navajo Reservation, 185, 266
NCAI. See National Congress of American Indians (NCAI)
NCC. See National Council of Churches (NCC)
NCIO. See National Council on Indian Opportunity (NCIO)
Nebraska, 14n, 180
Neighborhood Youth Corps, 254
NEPA. See National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
Net fishing, 46
Neubrech, Walter, 46
New Indians (Steiner), 188
New Mexico, 180
New National Indian Policy, 10
New York, 180
New York Times, 48, 136
Newman, Paul, 200
Nicaragua, 14, 199
Nichol, Fred, 157
Nicholson, Jack, 200
NIEA. See National Indian Education Association (NIEA)
NIFC. See Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission (NIFC)
Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, 217n
1968 Civil Rights Act, 144
“Indian Bill of Rights,” 110, 128
1966 Nisqually Tribal Enrollment, 60
1963 Cooperative Plan, 55, 56
1924 Indian Citizenship Act, 185
Nisqually Community Council, 62
Nisqually Council, 62
Nisqually Indian Community, 194
Nisqually Indian fishery, 32
Nisqually Indian Reservation, 35
Nisqually Indian Tribe, 62, 80
Nisqually Indians, 9, 35, 60, 61, 182, 219, 280–285
constitution of, 281–284, 285
Frank v. Morton and, 300
Tanner, Jack, and, 291
Nisqually Indians v. Interior Secretary Rogers Morton, 280
Nisqually Reservation, 7, 61, 85
Nisqually Tribe, 50, 85, 166, 167
Nixon administration, 169, 170
Nixon, Richard, 11, 13, 54, 169, 278
Alaska and, 279
BIA and, 279
Task Force 1 and, 229
NIYC. See National Indian Youth Council (NIYC)
Non-Indian Commercial, 30, 31
Non-Indian governments, 14
Non-Indian Sports, 30
North Dakota, 218
North Slope Alaskan Corporation, 233
Northwest Fisheries Program, 84
Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission (NIFC), 9, 69n, 74, 83, 85
Northwest Native nations/peoples, 14
Northwest Ordinance, 228
Northwest Region General Convention youth program, 10
NTCA. See National Tribal Chairman’s Association (NTCA)
NTCFI. See National Tribal Chairman’s Fund Incorporated (NTCFI)
O
Oakes, Richard, 2, 100, 180, 181
OEO. See Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO)
Office of Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 221
Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), 143, 276
Legal Services Division, 277
poverty and, 252–258
Upward Bound Program of, 7
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 75, 76, 78, 221
Office of Minority Business Enterprises (OMBE), 143
Officer, James, 169
Off-reservation seasons, 33
Oglala community people, 157
Oglala Sioux, 13, 123, 124, 127, 139
Oglala Sioux Council, 120, 126, 127
Oglala Sioux Nations, 141
Oglala Sioux tribal officials, 109
Oglala Sioux Tribe, 102, 103
Oglalla Sioux government, 164
Oglalla Sioux Indians, 163
Oglalla Sioux people, 164
Olson, Fran, 125
Omaha Treaty
fishing rights and, 23
Nisqually Indians and, 280, 285
taxation and, 261, 269
OMB. See Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
OMBE. See Office of Minority Business Enterprises (OMBE)
ONAS. See Organization of Native American Students (ONAS)
100 Years’ War on Indian Poverty, 253
Op. ed., regarding media/literature/scholarship, 193–194
Oregon, 14n, 166, 167, 233
Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission, 166
Oregon tribes, 299
Oregon, United States v., 185, 218
Organization of Native American Students (ONAS), 277
Osage, 277
Osawa, Sandra, 196, 197
Our Brother’s Keeper: The Indian in White America, 277
P
Paine, Thomas, 199
Patterson, Brad
civil rights/termination and, 158
fishing rights and, 39, 65, 69
WK and, 121, 134, 135, 138, 139
Payne, Jim, 272
PBS. See Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)
PBS Vision series, 197
Peace Corps, 199
Pelican, United States v., 213
Pennsylvania, 180
Peterson, Charles, 82
Peterson, Dennis, 272
Peterson, Helen, 2, 219
Peterson, Henry, 142
Philippines, 199
Phillips Petroleum, 300
Philp, Kenneth, 168
PHS. See US Public Health Service (PHS)
Pierce County, 52, 55, 59, 60, 214, 219
Pigeon River Co. v. Cox Co., 269
Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
American Indian Policy Review Commission and, 246, 247, 248
BIA and, 287, 288
civil rights/termination and, 156, 160, 162
WK and, 101–105, 109–116, 118, 124, 135, 137, 139
Pine Ridge Reservation
civil rights/termination and, 157, 159, 164, 165
media/literature/scholarship and, 194
WK and, 13, 126, 128
“Pioneer spirit,” 180
Pitkin, Stan, 27, 29, 30, 46, 50, 54, 57, 214
Piven, Frances Fox, 1
Playboy Magazine, 63
Poem, regarding media/literature/scholarship, 195
Point Elliott Treaty, 166, 269
Police officers, fishing rights and, 43
Police training activity, 44
Policemen, 44
Poor People’s Campaign, 7, 8, 21, 51, 293
Poor People’s Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail (Piven and Cloward), 1
Pottinger, Stan, 135, 144
Poverty, 209, 252–259
“Poverty oath,” 43
Poverty program, 210
Presiding Bishops Ad hoc Committee on More Indian Involvement for the National Episcopal Church, 10
Press Release, regarding Trail of Broken Treaties/WK, 90, 94
Primal Mind Foundation, 201, 205
Primal Mind: Vision & Reality in Indian America, The (Highwater), 201
Protest meeting, 178
Protest movement, 1
Protests, fishing rights and, 48
Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), 201, 202, 204, 205
Public Law 86-797, 55
Public Law (P.L.) 83-280, 2, 5, 14n, 230, 266–269
Public Law (P.L.) 280, 147, 228, 265, 266, 268–269
Puget Sound, 285
Puyallup, 278
Puyallup case, 65
Puyallup Encampment, 51, 185
Puyallup Indian catches, 31
Puyallup Indian fisheries, 31
Puyallup Indian fishing, 32
Puyallup Indian Reservation
fishing rights and, 62
Satiacum, Bob, and, 293–294
Tanner, Jack, and, 293–294
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 212, 219
WK and, 101
Puyallup Indian Settlement Act, 221
Puyallup Indian Tribe, 212
Puyallup Indians, 30, 35, 51, 60, 61, 80, 220
media/literature/scholarship and, 185
Tanner, Jack, and, 291
taxation and, 251
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 214, 215
Puyallup people, 217n
Puyallup River hatchery, 31, 32
Puyallup ruling, 58
Puyallup Settlement Act, 218
Puyallup Tribe, 10, 50, 80, 194, 218, 219
“Puyallup Tribe Indian Land Claim Settlement Agreement,” 217
Puyallup Tribe Ordinance of 1970, 64
Puyallup Tribe v. Department of Game, 8
Puyallup Tribe v. Department of Game of Washington, 23–24, 27, 28, 54
Q
Quileute Nation’s Community Action Program, 7
Quileute Plan, 279
Quileute Tribe, 178
Quinault Reservation
American Indian Policy Review Commission and, 233
civil rights/termination and, 150, 152, 153, 154
fishing rights and, 31
P.L. 280 and, 5
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 216
Quinault Treaty, 166
Quinault Tribe, 166, 167, 194, 282–283
education and, 230–231
taxation and, 261
Quinaults, 152
R
Raile, Gideon, 272
Reader’s Digest, 208
Reagan Administration, 200
Reagan, Ronald, 198
Reaganomics, 200
“Red Power,” 89, 170
Red Power movement, 89, 170, 223
Redford, Robert, 200
Reed, Nat, 76
Religion, Indian, 185
Relocation, 2
Relocation and Vocational Training, 228, 256–257
Relocation-Vocational Training Act, 169
Republican National Convention, 111
Republicans, 200
Reservation fishery, 40
Reservation(s)
civil rights/termination and, 159
Colville, 265, 266
fishing rights and, 22, 27, 35, 41
Fort Hall Indian, 101
Fort Peck, 5
Lake Traverse, 170
Muckleshoot Indian, 35
Navajo, 185, 266
Nisqually, 7, 61, 85
Nisqually Indian, 35
non-Indian industries on, 279
Pine Ridge (See Pine Ridge Reservation)
Pine Ridge Indian (See Pine Ridge Indian Reservation)
Puyallup Indian (See Puyallup Indian Reservation)
Quinault (See Quinault Reservation)
Rosebud, 131, 287
Task Force 1 and, 230
Reserved rights, fishing rights and, 19
Reynolds, Jerry, 4
Richards, Dorothy, 104
Richardson, Elliot, 67, 142
Richardson, English v., 264
Rickard, Karen, 178
Rickert doctrine/case, 262, 264, 267
“Right of taking fish,” 41, 42
Rights
Bill of, 30
Campaign of Awareness on Indian, 219
civil (See Civil rights)
constitutional, 158
Constitutional Bill of, 30
fishing (See Fishing rights)
human, 19, 164
hunting, 225 (See also Task Force 1)
Indian Bill of, 110, 128
reserved, 19
sovereign, 25
treaty (See Treaty rights)
treaty fishing, 41
Road to Wounded Knee, The (Burnette), 188
Robertson, Robert, 276
Rogers, William H., Jr., 120
“Rogue River Massacre, The,” 135
Rosebud Reservation, 131, 287
Rosellini, Albert, 149, 176, 177, 178, 179
Roubideaux, Ramon, 123–126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 134, 139, 140
Ruckelshaus, William, 142
Rudy, John, 142
S
SAIA. See Survival of American Indians Association (SAIA), Inc.
Sandinista government, 14
Sanitation, 258
Sargent, Bill, 296
Satiacum, Bob, 178, 293
SBA. See Small Business Administration (SBA)
Scheirbeck, Helen M., 2
Scholarship
article regarding, 174–179
editorial regarding, 180–181
letter regarding, 188–190, 191–192, 196–205
memorandum regarding, 182–187
op. ed. regarding, 193–194
overview of, 173
poem regarding, 195
Screening and Review Committee for the Episcopal Church, 10
Seattle Indian Center, 200
Seattle of 1854, 43
Seattle of 1919, 43
Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 56, 193
Seattle Times, 50, 198
Select Committee on Small Business, 296
Selective Service System, 185
Self-administration, 168
Self-determination, 90, 91n, 151, 168–170, 193, 194, 230, 236, 243
Self-Determination Act, 170
Self-fulfillment, 168
Self-government, 168
Self-rule, 168
Senate. See United States Senate
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 119
Senate Select Committee on Indian Affairs, 217
Senate’s Select Committee on Indian Education, 7
Set net fishing, 45
Set nets, 10
Settlement Act, 218
Settlement Agreement, 217, 217n
Shawnee, 263
Shenandoah, Leroy, 11
Sheppard, Geoff, 287
Shoalwater Indians, 148–155
Shorris, Earl, 188
SID. See Southwest Indian Development (SID)
Siletz Indians of Oregon, 166, 167
Siletz Restoration Act, 166n
Sioux, 257, 270
Sisseton-Wahpeton monies, 221
Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux, 270–272
Sitney, P. Adams, 203
Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, 107–108, 131
Sizemore v. Brady, 264
Small Business Administration (SBA), 296–298
Smith, Ralph, 96
“Snyder” Act, 228
Social movements, 1
Socioeconomic issues
hearing regarding, 252–259
letter regarding, 260–273
overview of, 251
Sohappy case, 27, 218
Sohappy, Richard, 20, 185
Solicitor’s Memorandum Opinion of March 26, 1971, 51
Solicitor’s Opinion, 266
South Dakota
American Indian Policy Review Commission and, 246
civil rights/termination and, 157, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164
critiques of federal/native agencies and, 287, 288, 297
fishing rights and, 100, 104, 115, 116, 118
media/literature/scholarship and, 180, 188, 194
taxation/economic development/socioeconomic issues and, 251, 270
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 218
WK and, 13, 121, 124, 125, 129, 137, 138
Southwest Indian Development (SID), 277
Sovereign authority, 92
Sovereign capacity, 24, 26, 27, 34, 42
Sovereign rights, 25
Sovereign treaties, 177
Sovereignty, 179, 194
American Indian Policy Review Commission and, 239, 240, 244
fishing rights and, 34, 35
WK and, 89, 106, 110
Soviet Union, 199
Special Federal Inter-agency Task Force on Indian Affairs, 287
Squire v. Capoeman, 261, 262, 264, 265, 267, 269
St. Maries, Buffy, 200
Stack, Robert, 135
Stanton, Elizabeth, 2
State Department of Fisheries, 62
State Departments of Fisheries and Game, 43, 58, 60
State Departments of Game and Fisheries, 174
State fisheries and Game Departments, 62
State Game Department, 45, 53, 64
State Game Patrolmen, 52
State law, 45
State of Washington, Tonasket v., 265
State of Washington, United States v., 27, 251, 260–269
State police agency, 44
State Supreme Court, 33, 45, 62
State v. Adams, 10
Statehood Enabling Acts, 228, 267. See also Enabling Acts
Statements, Hurd-Clayton, 157
State-Tacoma raid, 51
Steiger, Sam, 143
Stein, Ralph, 50
Steinem, Gloria, 2
Steiner, Stan, 188
Stevens, Ernie, 170
Stevens, Isaac, 21, 23, 24, 25
Stoiber, Carlton, 157, 160, 212
Struther, Sally, 200
Suchan, Jay, 299
Superior Court, 37
Supremacy Clause, 212, 226
Supreme Court. See United States Supreme Court
Supreme treaty law, 45
Survival of American Indians Association (SAIA), Inc., 6, 7–11, 29, 278
civil rights/termination and, 156, 163, 165, 166
fishing rights and, 21, 37, 39, 44, 45, 48, 50, 67, 69
media/literature/scholarship and, 197
Tanner, Jack, and, 292
Trail of Broken Treaties/WK and, 90, 94, 96, 115, 118, 142
Swift, Al, 200, 218
T
Tacoma County, 219
Tacoma Federal District Court, 29
Tacoma Police Department, 43
Tacoma US District Court, 67
Tanner, Jack, 291–295
Taos Pueblo, 180, 279
Task Force 1, 223, 224–248
central topics of, 225–231
general approach of, 224–225
general comments of, 231
Nixon and, 229
taxation and, 226, 230
Task Force 2, 238
Task Force 3, 238
Task Force 4, 230, 238, 245
Task Force 8, 238
Task Force 9, 238
Tax Commission, Makah Indian Tribe v., 265
Taxation
American Indian Policy Review Commission and, 245–246
hearing regarding, 252–259
letter regarding, 260–273
overview of, 251
Task Force 1 and, 226, 230
Telegram, regarding fishing rights, 20
Television, 196
Termination
article regarding, 148–155
essay regarding, 168–170
hearing regarding, 163–167
letter regarding, 156–157
overview of, 147
title regarding, 158–163
Termination bill, 168
Termination policies, 228, 235
Testimonial
regarding American Indian Policy Review Commission, 242
regarding civil rights/termination, 163
regarding critiques of federal/native agencies, 296
regarding fishing rights, 43, 74, 85
regarding taxation/economic development/socioeconomic issues, 252
regarding trust/land issues/Indian claims, 208
Teton Sioux, 135, 137
Thom, Mel, 2, 178
Thom, Melvin D., 6
Thomas, Robert K., 2
Thurston County, 55, 59, 99
Thurston County Jail, 52
Thurston County Prosecutor or Sheriff, 45
Thurston County, United States v., 264
Title 28, United States Code, 265
Tonasket, Leonard, 266
Tonasket v. State of Washington, 265
Traders’ Licensing, 265–266
Trail of Broken Treaties, 133, 223. See also Wounded Knee (WK)
media/literature/scholarship and, 186
in 1972, 94–95
overview of, 89
title regarding, 90–114, 142–145
Trail of Broken Treaties Caravan, 5, 11–14, 96, 98, 102, 160, 182, 185. See also Wounded Knee (WK)
“Treaties Made-Treaties Broken,” 52
Treaty fishing rights, 41
Treaty Indian fishing, 40
Treaty law
supreme, 45
Task Force 1 and, 226
taxation and, 260
Treaty of 1854, 263
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 231
Treaty of Medicine Creek. See Medicine Creek Treaty
Treaty rights, 243
civil rights and, 5
fishing rights and, 19, 29
Lane and, 9
media and, 174
Native activists and, 89
Puyallup Tribe v. Department of Game and, 8
Treaty/treaties
Alaska Cession, 231
1868 Sioux, 119, 121, 160
1868 United States and Sioux Nation, 113
international, 231
Jay, 231
Medicine Creek (See Medicine Creek Treaty)
Migratory Bird, 231
Omaha (See Omaha Treaty)
Point Elliott, 269
Quinault, 166
sovereign, 177
Trail of Broken (See Trail of Broken Treaties)
Tribal governments, Twenty-Point Proposal and, 12
Troy, Smith, 37, 45, 47
Truman, Harry S., 169
Trust
hearing regarding, 208–211
letter regarding, 212–215, 217–221
overview of, 207
title regarding, 216
Trust Counsel Authority, 229
“Trust responsibility/relationship,” 144, 216
American Indian Policy Review Commission and, 226, 229, 232–238, 242–245, 247
self-determination and, 230
Tulee case of 1942, 57
Twardy, Stan, 296
Twenty-Point Proposal, 11, 12, 103
U
Udall doctrine, 61, 62
Udall plans and policies, 60
Udall, Stewart, 56, 57, 65, 169
Udall-Loesch-Pitkin-Dysart-Pittle doctrine of 1962-1972, 65
Udall-Pitkin approach, 57
Unemployment/jobs, 91, 198, 231, 255–257, 258, 270
United Press International, 191
United Scholarship Service (USS), 6
United States
civil rights/termination and, 161, 164
fishing rights and, 41, 48, 51, 55, 57, 60, 67
Oakes and, 180, 181
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 214, 220
Twenty-Point Proposal and, 12
WK and, 90, 92, 97, 101, 104–106, 108, 143, 144
United States Congress
Adams running for, 15n
American Indian Policy Review Commission and, 239
Boucher and, 298
civil rights/termination and, 148, 158, 160, 161, 169
fishing rights and, 55, 76, 78
housing and, 91n
I.C.C. and, 208n
media/literature/scholarship and, 193, 198, 199
Oakes and, 181
Red Power movement and, 223
taxation and, 260–269, 263–269
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 208, 217, 221
WK and, 110, 115, 117
United States Constitution, 90, 95, 160, 161
media/literature/scholarship and, 199
Task Force 1 and, 225–226
taxation and, 260–269
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 212
United States House of Representatives
civil rights/termination and, 169
media/literature/scholarship and, 199
United States, Menominee Tribe v., 24, 268, 269
United States, Morrow v., 264, 267
United States Senate
civil rights/termination and, 162, 165, 169
fishing rights and, 74
media/literature/scholarship and, 198, 200
WK and, 119
United States Supreme Court, 54, 57, 65, 79, 212
fishing rights and, 24
taxation and, 260, 261, 263–269
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 215, 218
United States v. Allegheny, 260
United States v. Burland, 268
United States v. Celestine, 269
United States v. City of Detroit, 260
United States v. Daney, 265, 267–268
United States v. Getzelman, 213
United States v. Kagama, 213, 215
United States v. Oregon, 185, 218
United States v. Pelican, 213
United States v. Rickert, 262. See also Rickert doctrine/case
United States v. State of Washington, 27, 51, 260–269
United States v. Thurston County, 264
United States v. Washington
fishing rights and, 9, 29, 39–42, 46, 50, 57, 58, 62, 65, 67–68
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 218, 219
United States v. Wright, 265, 267
Unsoeld, Jolene, 218
Upstream Productions, 196
Upward Bound Program, 7
Urban Development, 91n
US Army, 45, 50–58, 64
US Army Corps of Engineers, 62
US Court of Claims, 208n
US Fish & Wildlife Service (USF&WS), 83, 84, 86
US Fish & Wildlife Service’s Northwest Fisheries Program, 216
US Forest Service, 216
US General Services Administration (GSA), 271
US Public Health Service (PHS), poverty and, 252–258
US Senate Office, 221
USF&WS. See US Fish & Wildlife Service (USF&WS)
USS. See United Scholarship Service (USS)
Ute Tribe, 235, 299
V
Verkler, Jerry T., 138
Vietnam, 20, 45, 185, 186
Visionary Film, 203
Vocu, Leo, 116
W
Walker, Hans, 121, 260
Walker, Tillie, 2, 6
Wall Street Journal, 198
War Department, 60
War on Poverty, 209
Warren Trading Post v. Arizona State Tax Commission, 262, 264, 265, 266, 269
Warrior, Clyde, 2, 6, 178, 187, 197
Washington, 14n, 180
civil rights/termination and, 165, 166, 167
fishing rights and, 26, 27, 34, 35, 39, 48, 54, 57, 59
media/literature/scholarship and, 174, 177
trust/land issues/Indian claims and, 218
Washington American Civil Liberties Union, 51
Washington, George, 221, 239
Washington Post, 48
Washington State Fish and Game, 53, 54, 280
Washington State Tribes, 175
Washington Territory Superintendency, 152
Washington, United States v. See United States v. Washington
Water needs, 239, 258
Water Rights Office, 260
Waterman, W. W., 150
We Talk, You Listen (Deloria), 3
Webster, William, 291
Weicker, Lowell, 296
Weisl, Edwin, 65
Weisl, Edwin L., Jr., 57
Wells, Reggie, 68
Wells, Rena, 68
Whitaker, John, 158
White, Edward, 24
White House
American Indian Policy Review Commission and, 248
Boucher and, 298
civil rights/termination and, 157, 159
fishing rights and, 20, 39, 65, 69, 75, 78
NTCA and, 286, 289
Wounded Knee and, 97, 98, 107, 108, 116, 119–138
White House letter, 138, 139, 140
White House Task Force, 12
Whitecrow, Jake, 239, 240, 243, 245
Whitten, Les, 12, 13, 48, 219, 296, 297
Wilcox, Leo, 109
Wilkie, Bruce, 2, 6, 175, 197
Williams, Richard, 185
Williams v. Johnson, 264
Wilson, Richard (Dick)
civil rights/termination and, 156, 164
WK and, 13, 102–103, 109–110, 115–116, 118–122, 136, 139
Winchester, John R., 178
Witt, Shirley, 178
WK. See Wounded Knee (WK)
WKLD/OC. See Wounded Knee Legal Defense/Offense Committee (WKLD/OC)
Women’s rights movement, 1
Wood, Harlington, 119, 121, 122, 123
Woodward, Joann, 200
Worcester v. Georgia, 24, 213, 261, 268
World War I, 185
World War II, 61, 185, 199
Wounded Knee II, 13, 89, 223. See also Wounded Knee (WK)
Wounded Knee Legal Defense/Offense Committee (WKLD/OC), 156
Wounded Knee (WK), 5, 11–14, 13, 223. See also Trail of Broken Treaties
Adams and, 297
American Indian Policy Review Commission and, 247, 248
Boucher and, 297
civil rights/termination and, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163
failure to end confrontation at, 105–108
forces against settlement at, 108–114
journey to, 98–101
letter regarding, 115–117
May 5th Agreement and, 135–141
media/literature/scholarship and, 182, 185, 186, 188, 189
memorandum regarding, 118–141
overview of, 89
Pine Ridge and, 101–105
Wright case. See United States v. Wright
Y
Yablonsky, Jack, 158
Yakima Treaty of 1855, 20, 185
Yakima Tribal Council, 63
Yakima Tribe, 233, 234, 300
Yakimas, 180
Yaryan, John, 178
Yates, Sidney R., 85–87, 217, 232–235, 240
Yellow Thunder, Raymond, 11
Young Lawyers Section of the Bar Association, 9
Z
Zarb, Frank G., 76
Zare, F., 76
Ziontz, Alvin, 9