INDEX

Cabeo, Niccolò, 45
Caesar, Julius, 10
Carnegie, Andrew, 141
Carrier, Richard, 7
Carus, Carl Gustav, 107, 109
catastrophism, 77–79
Chaisson, Eric, 29, 30, 31
Chambers, Robert, 89, 94, 106
Chapin, Charles V. 142
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 20
Chevreul, Michel Eugène, 62
Christianity, 7, 8, 9, 11, 23, 24, 30, 143, 196, 200
Church, 12, 197; Catholic, 17, 21, 23, 41, 121, 164, 165, 197, 198; Christian, 21, 47; and state, 121,123, 224
Columbus, Christopher, 16, 17–18, 19, 21–22, 206
Columbus, Fernando, 21
complexion, 33–34
Comte, Auguste, 200
Condorcet, Nicolas de, 199
Constantine, 11
Conway Morris, Simon, 106, 107
Conybeare, William Daniel, 77–78
Copernican demotion of the status of the earth, 23–31
Copernican principle, 31
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 15, 23–26, 28, 30, 31, 50, 206
Coresio, Giorgio, 42
Correns, Carl, 136
Cosmas Indicopleustes, 20–21
Coyne, Jerry A., 103, 105, 195, 201
creationism, 56, 104, 105, 165, 197, 200, 220, 223, 224, 225
Crick, Francis, 184, 208
Cuvier, Georges, 81, 122

D’Ailly, Pierre, 19

D’Alembert, Jean, 199

Dalton, John, 61, 62

Dana, James Dwight, 78

Danielson, Dennis, 25–26, 28–29

Dante Alighieri, 20, 24

Dark Ages, 7, 8, 17, 26, 197

Darwin, Charles, 1, 48, 56, 67, 68, 71, 78, 122, 123, 135, 172, 196, 197, 207; and Paley, 72–73; and Lamarck, 80–81, 84–87; and his delay to publish, 88–95; and Wallace, 96–102; and natural selection as the sole explanation for evolution, 103–105, 107–108; and sexual selection, 112, 113–118; and social Darwinism, 139–140, 141–145; and neo-Darwinism, 164, 165, 167, 169

Darwin, Erasmus, 71–72, 88

Darwinism: 56, 107–108, 110–111; neo-, 73, 164–167, 169–170; social, 139–146

Da Vinci, Leonardo, 8

Dawkins, Richard, 67–68, 73, 103–105, 107, 109, 110

De La Mettrie, Julien Offray, 64

Delbrück, Max, 184

DeMar, Gary, 16

demarcation, 219–220, 222, 223–225

Descent of Man (Darwin), 101, 140, 142

design: general argument, 68–69, 71–72, 98–99, 108–109, 165, 221; metaphor and Darwin, 98–99; intelligent design movement, 109, 164, 167, 169, 176, 211, 224

Desmond, Adrian, 90, 94, 95

dethronement narrative, 28–30

De Vries, Hugo, 135, 136, 166

Dewey, John, 215

DeWitt, Nicholas, 190–191

Dick, Steven, 30

Dickson, Paul, 186

Disraeli, Benjamin, 49

D’Israeli, Isaac, 49

Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 168

Doppler, Christian, 131

Draper, John William, 17, 199, 200

Driesch, Hans, 65

Dumas, Alexandre, 120

earth, flat, 16–18, 20, 22; earth shape and modernity, 17–18; spherical/round, 17–22
Ecklund, Elaine Howard, 28
Eddington, Arthur, 221
Ehrenhaft, Felix, 159–162
Ehret, Arnold, 216
Ehrlich, Paul, 181
Ehrman, Lee, 114
Einstein, Albert, 1, 149, 150–154, 156, 204, 221, 222
Eiseley, Loren, 95
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 187
elementary electrical charge, 158, 161, 162, 163
Emmerich, Roland, 203
Engelhardt, Wolf von, 110
entelechy, 65
Epitome of Copernican Astronomy (Kepler), 24
Eratosthenes, 18
Essay on the Principle of Population (Malthus), 108
Essay on the Theory of Chemical Proportions (Berzelius), 63
Euclid, 10, 12, 14
Eusebius, 47
extraterrestrial intelligence, 25

falsifiability, 219, 220, 222–223, 224

Farley, John, 120

female choice, 101, 113–115, 117, 143

Fenton, Martin Henry, 216

Ferdinand, King of Spain, 206

Feyerabend, Paul, 217

Fischer, Emil, 66

Fisher, Ronald A., 166

Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de, 25–26

Ford, Edmund Brisco, 173

Franklin, Benjamin, 157

Franklin, Rosalind, 208

free fall, 42, 44, 45, 47

Fresnel, Augustin, 204–205

Freud, Sigmund, 23, 221, 222

Gadolin, Johan, 205
galactic habitable zone, 29
Galileo, Galilei, 24, 26–27, 35, 40–47, 196, 197, 198, 199
Gallup, George, 216
Galton, Francis, 135, 136
Gaposchkin, Cecilia. See Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia
Gärtner, Carl Friedrich von, 131, 133
Gegenbaur, Karl, 109
Geison, Gerald L., 120
gender discrimination, and Darwinism, 143
geocentricism, 24, 28
Gerard of Cremona, 13
germ theory of disease, 123, 127
Gieryn, Thomas, 214, 225
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 109
Gonzalez, Guillermo, 29
Gopnik, Adam, 90
Gould, Stephen Jay, 23, 90, 99
gradualism, 76–78
gravity, 44, 48, 50, 51, 54, 64, 69, 203
Gray, Asa, 95
Great War. See World War I
Greek science, 11, 12, 13
Greenblatt, Stephen, 8
Greene, John, 89, 95, 108
Gruber, Howard, 88, 90, 94
Gullstrand, Allvar, 157

Haeckel, Ernst, 107

Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson, 172

Hall, Thomas S., 119

Haller, Albrecht von, 64

Haller, John S., Jr., 143

Halley Edmund, 51

Hamlin, Kimberly A., 143

Harris, Sam, 195, 201

Harrison, James William Heslop, 173–174

heliocentricism, 23–24

hemoglobin, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183

Henslow, John, 95

Herrick, James B., 183

Herschel, John F. W., 98

Hershey, Alfred, 184

Heterogenesis; or, Treatise on Spontaneous Generation (Pouchet), 123

Hewitt, Paul, 219

Higgs, Peter, 202, 204, 208

higher criticism movement, 122

Hippocrates, 220

History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (Draper), 199

History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (White), 199

Hitchcock, Edward, 78

Hitler, Adolf, 110

Hofstadter, Richard, 145–146

Holley, Robert W., 184

Holton, Gerald, 150, 151, 152, 160, 161, 162

Hooker, Joseph Dalton, 89, 92, 95

Hooper, Judith, 176

Hopkins, Frederick Gowland, 180

horoscope, 33, 34, 35

Humboldt, Alexander von, 105, 109

Hume, David, 222

Hutton, James, 75–76

Huxley, Thomas Henry, 104, 214

hybridization in plants, 130, 131, 136, 137, 166

hydroxyurea, 182–183

Hypatia, 8, 10, 196

Ibn al-Haytham, 14
imperialism and Darwinism, 143–144
independent assortment, 130, 133, 134
industrial melanism, 171–172, 175–177
Irving, Washington, 17–18
Isabella, Queen of Spain, 21, 206
Isidore of Seville, 19–20
Islam, 11, 13, 201, 213

Jacob, François, 184
Japp, Frances, 65–66
Jean, James, 155, 156
Jenyns, Leonard, 95
Jerome, 19, 203
Jevons, Stanley, 212
Johannsen, Wilhelm, 166
Johnson, George B., 80, 171
Jones, John, Judge, 224
Jordan, David Starr, 144
Jussieu, Antoine-Laurent de, 81

Kepler, Johannes, 24–25, 30, 50, 198
Kettlewell, Henry Bernard Davis, 174–177
Khorana, Har Gobind, 184
King, Clarence, 74
Klein, David, 59
Kolbe, Hermann, 61
Kölreuter, Josef, 131

Lactantius, 19, 21
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, 80–87, 88, 94, 95, 122, 145, 173; and “power of life,” 83; and his two “laws,” 83–84
Lange, Friedrich, 200
Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 53
Largent, Mark A., 146
Las Casas, Bartolemé de, 21
Laudan, Larry, 223, 224
Laue, Max von, 152
Lavoisier, Antoine, 61
laws of heredity, 130, 137
LeConte, Joseph, 140
Lewis, C. S., 24
Liebig, Justus von, 64
Linnaeus, Carl, 81
Livingstone, David N., 108
Locke, John, 38
Losos, Jonathan B., 171
Louis-Philippe, King, 121
Lucretius, 8–9
Lupisella, Mark, 30
Luria, Salvador, 184
Lwoff, André, 184
Lyell, Charles, 76–79, 94, 95, 96

Mach, Ernst, 162

Macrobius, 18

Magnus, Albertus, 19

Majerus, Michael, 175

male combat. See male competition

male competition, 101–102, 113, 115

Malthus, Thomas Robert, 96, 98, 99, 108

Man a Machine (de La Mettrie), 64

Mandeville, Jean de, 20

Martyr, Peter, 22

Marx, Karl, 221

materialism, 26, 63, 64, 65, 83, 88, 90, 94, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 221

Mather, Cotton, 199

Maxwell, James Clerk, 150, 204

Mayr, Ernst, 111

Mazzoni, Jacopo, 46

McFadden, Johnjoe, 48

McKie, Douglas, 61

McMillan, Steve, 29, 31

medicine and public health, dysgenic role of, 140, 142–143

medieval universities, 13–14, 197

Mendel, Gregor, 1, 129–138, 165, 167, 179, 204

Michelson, Albert A., 150

Michelson–Morley experiment, 150–156; and the origins of special theory of relativity, 152–155

Miko, Ilona, 129

Mill, John Stuart, 204

Millikan, Robert A., 157–162, 215

Millikan-Ehrenhaft controversy, 159–161

Milton, John, 199

molecular medicine, 180–181, 183

Monod, Jacques, 184

Moore, James, 90, 94, 95

Moran, Jeffrey P., 143

Morley, Edward W., 150

Moses, 104

myth, definition of, 2

Nägeli, Carl Wilhelm von, 135–136
Napp, Cyril, 131
National Academy of Science (NAS), 188
National Science Foundation, and science education, 187–191
natural philosophy, aims of, 53; and mathematics, 54
Natural Theology (Paley), 67, 68, 71, 73, 108
natural theology, 68, 73, 198
nature of science, 3, 120, 177
Newton, Isaac, 1, 26, 38, 48–56, 119, 198, 199, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207; apple myth, 49–52; no-god fallacy, 52–54
Nirenberg, Marshall W. 184
Nobel prize, 65, 106, 157, 160, 178, 184, 204

Obama, Barack, 186, 187
O’Donald, Peter, 114
Oken, Lorenz, 109
On Growth and Form (Thompson), 107
On the Origin of Species (Darwin), 1, 68, 72, 88, 89, 91, 103, 104, 111, 122, 135
Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 141
Overton, William, Judge, 224
Owen, Richard, 95, 105–106
Owen, Robert, 100

Paley, William, 67–73, 98, 108–109

pangenesis, hypothesis of, 81, 86, 165

Park, David, 204–205

Pasteur, Louis, 65, 119–128

Paul, Apostle, 51

Pauling, Linus, 1, 178–185

Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia, 27, 29–30, 208

Peters, Ted, 25

Petit, Claudine, 114

Photius of Constantinople, 21

Physical Science Study Committee (PSSC), 188

Planck, Max, 151, 155, 156, 204

Pope, Alexander, 55, 203

Pope Benedict XVI, 165

Pope Callixtus III, 196

Popper, Karl, 220, 221–224

Pouchet, Félix Archimède, 120–121, 123–124, 126

Powell, John Wesley, 140

Principia (Newton), 51–52, 54

Principles of Geology (Lyell), 74, 76, 79

pseudoscience, 213, 219, 220–221, 223

Ptolemy, Claudius, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 35

Pythagoras, 53

Quammen, David, 95

racism, and Darwinism, 143
Rafferty, John P., 139
Raven, Peter H., 80
Ray, John, 198
Redi, Francesco, 122
Reif, Wolf-Ernst, 110
Reil, Johann Christian, 64
religion, 9, 27, 31, 55–56, 73, 78–79, 126, 140–141, 190, 195–201, 213–214, 224
Renieri, Vincenzo, 44–46
Rice, Stuart, 212
Richards, James, 149
Richards, Robert J., 88, 98–99
Robinson, Horatio N., 26, 27
Rockefeller, John D. Jr., 142
Rogers, G. P., 178
Ross, Edward A., 144
Royer, Clémence, 122
Ruse, Michael, 88, 90, 95, 96, 224
Ruskin, John, 51
Russell, Henry Norris, 208
Rutherford, Ernest, 155, 159, 161

Sacrobosco, Jean de, 19

Sagan, Carl, 8, 30

Saint-Hilaire, Étienne Geoffroy, 122

Sand, George, 120

Sarton, George, 32

Schechter, A. N., 178

Schindewolf, Otto, 110

Schönborn, Christoph, Cardinal, 164

Schrödinger, Erwin, 106

scientific method, 120, 128, 210–218, 219

Scientific Revolution, 7, 9, 23, 38, 206, 213

Scot, Michael, 19

Sebright, John, 98

Second World War. See World War II

Sedgwick, Adam, 95

segregation, 130, 133, 134

selection: natural, 56, 68, 72, 80, 81, 84–86, 91, 96, 101, 103–104, 105, 107, 108, 111, 135, 140, 142, 145, 164–170, 171–172, 175–176, 197, 224; group, 91, 100–101; artificial, 97–99; individual, 100–101; sexual, 101–102, 112–118, 143; and mutation, 166–170; for and against, 168; and chance, 169–170