Christ-Centered Exposition Commentary:
Ezra
Christ-Centered Exposition Commentary: Exalting Jesus in Ezra and Nehemiah
© Copyright 2014 by James M. Hamilton
B&H Publishing Group
All rights reserved.
ISBN 978-0-8054-9674-1
Dewey Decimal Classification: 220.7
Subject Heading: BIBLE. O.T. EZRA—COMMENTARIES \ BIBLE. O.T. NEHEMIAH—COMMENTARIES \ JESUS CHRIST
Unless otherwise stated all Scripture citations are from the Holman Christian Standard Bible® Copyright 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2009 by Holman Bible Publishers. Used by permission.
Scripture quotations marked ESV are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version, copyright ©2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Scripture citations marked NKJV are from The New King James Version, copyright © 1979, 1980, 1982, Thomas Nelson, Inc., Publishers.
Printed in the United States of America
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Series Dedication
Dedicated to Adrian Rogers and John Piper. They have taught us to love the gospel of Jesus Christ, to preach the Bible as the inerrant Word of God, to pastor the church for which our Savior died, and to have a passion to see all nations gladly worship the Lamb.
—David Platt, Tony Merida, and Danny Akin
March 2013
For
Clint and Dayna
and their quiverfull,
with gratitude for your
love, encouragement,
prayers, and support
across the
years
—James Hamilton
February 2013
Series Introduction
Augustine said, “Where Scripture speaks, God speaks.” The editors of the Christ-Centered Exposition Commentary series believe that where God speaks, the pastor must speak. God speaks through His written Word. We must speak from that Word. We believe the Bible is God breathed, authoritative, inerrant, sufficient, understandable, necessary, and timeless. We also affirm that the Bible is a Christ-centered book; that is, it contains a unified story of redemptive history of which Jesus is the hero. Because of this Christ-centered trajectory that runs from Genesis 1 through Revelation 22, we believe the Bible has a corresponding global-missions thrust. From beginning to end, we see God’s mission as one of making worshipers of Christ from every tribe and tongue worked out through this redemptive drama in Scripture. To that end we must preach the Word.
In addition to these distinct convictions, the Christ-Centered Exposition Commentary series has some distinguishing characteristics. First, this series seeks to display exegetical accuracy. What the Bible says is what we want to say. While not every volume in the series will be a verse-by-verse commentary, we nevertheless desire to handle the text carefully and explain it rightly. Those who teach and preach bear the heavy responsibility of saying what God has said in His Word and declaring what God has done in Christ. We desire to handle God’s Word faithfully, knowing that we must give an account for how we have fulfilled this holy calling (Jas 3:1).
Second, the Christ-Centered Exposition Commentary series has pastors in view. While we hope others will read this series, such as parents, teachers, small-group leaders, and student ministers, we desire to provide a commentary busy pastors will use for weekly preparation of biblically faithful and gospel-saturated sermons. This series is not academic in nature. Our aim is to present a readable and pastoral style of commentaries. We believe this aim will serve the church of the Lord Jesus Christ.
Third, we want the Christ-Centered Exposition Commentary series to be known for the inclusion of helpful illustrations and theologically driven applications. Many commentaries offer no help in illustrations, and few offer any kind of help in application. Often those that do offer illustrative material and application unfortunately give little serious attention to the text. While giving ourselves primarily to explanation, we also hope to serve readers by providing inspiring and illuminating illustrations coupled with timely and timeless application.
Finally, as the name suggests, the editors seek to exalt Jesus from every book of the Bible. In saying this, we are not commending wild allegory or fanciful typology. We certainly believe we must be constrained to the meaning intended by the divine Author Himself, the Holy Spirit of God. However, we also believe the Bible has a messianic focus, and our hope is that the individual authors will exalt Christ from particular texts. Luke 24:25-27, 44-47; and John 5:39, 46 inform both our hermeneutics and our homiletics. Not every author will do this the same way or have the same degree of Christ-centered emphasis. That is fine with us. We believe faithful exposition that is Christ centered is not monolithic. We do believe, however, that we must read the whole Bible as Christian Scripture. Therefore, our aim is both to honor the historical particularity of each biblical passage and to highlight its intrinsic connection to the Redeemer.
The editors are indebted to the contributors of each volume. The reader will detect a unique style from each writer, and we celebrate these unique gifts and traits. While distinctive in approach, the authors share a common characteristic in that they are pastoral theologians. They love the church, and they regularly preach and teach God’s Word to God’s people. Further, many of these contributors are younger voices. We think these new, fresh voices can serve the church well, especially among a rising generation that has the task of proclaiming the Word of Christ and the Christ of the Word to the lost world.
We hope and pray this series will serve the body of Christ well in these ways until our Savior returns in glory. If it does, we will have succeeded in our assignment.
David Platt
Daniel L. Akin
Tony Merida
Series Editors
February 2013
Preface
Paul said that all Scripture is God-breathed and profitable (2 Tim 3:16). He didn’t insert a nuanced footnote. He didn’t walk it back and tell Timothy that some parts of the Bible are, of course, more profitable than others.
Do you think God means to instruct us from a list of names? Can we learn anything from dusty stories about building projects? Is there anything relevant for us in the accounts of the Israelites putting away their foreign wives?
The questions come down to this: Do you believe that God inspired the books of Ezra and Nehemiah?
Here’s one way to discern the answer to that question: Would you preach these books? I’m not talking about preaching them because the church is embarking on a building project. I’m talking about preaching them straight through, start to finish, in the regular course of the ministry of the Word.
My guess is that if you’re reading this preface, you believe God really did inspire both Ezra and Nehemiah, and you are open to the possibility of preaching these books. I hope this book will help whether you’re going to preach, lead a Bible Study, or study through Ezra and Nehemiah in your personal examination of the Scriptures.
Another set of questions confronts those who believe that Ezra and Nehemiah are included in what Paul said about how “whatever was written in the past was written for our instruction, so that we may have hope through endurance and through the encouragement from the Scriptures” (Rom 15:4). How do the returns from exile and the rebuilding projects fit in the big story of the Bible? Was God at work in the rebuilding of the temple? Did He indwell that temple? Yes, He did! Were Ezra and Nehemiah laying the foundation for legalistic or pharisaic developments? No, they were not!
By faith Ezra and Nehemiah were used of God to advance God’s kingdom by provoking, preserving, and adding to the hope for a glorious eschatological restoration when the Messiah would reign. Can that be demonstrated from Ezra and Nehemiah? I hope you’ll read this book and consider my effort to show the kinds of connections that validate that assertion.
These sermons were preached at Kenwood Baptist Church in Louisville, Kentucky from June 27, 2010, to December 26, 2010. The church was neither engaged in nor moving toward a building project. What a blessing to shepherd Kenwood with, at that time, Josh Philpot, Denny Burk, Edward Heinze, Ryan Bishop, and Ross Shannon. The Word of God is living and active. The parts of the Bible that we may be less drawn to can set off fireworks: convicting, humbling, teaching, and conforming us to the image of Christ. Ezra and Nehemiah are far better books than my poor preaching will show. I hope this humble attempt to exposit these portions of Scripture will put you in a position to see the beauty of these books.
I am thankful that Tony Merida reached out to me with the invitation to contribute to this series, and I praise God that B&H is committed to the great commission task of discipleship, teaching all of God’s people all of God’s Word. May the Lord use His Word to conform you, dear reader, to the image of Christ, to equip you for the work of ministry, and to move you toward the “unity in the faith and in the knowledge of God’s Son. . . with a stature measured by Christ’s fullness” (Eph 4:12-13).
One note on the finishing touches of the writing of this book: December of 2012 saw me in a far eastern land to teach the Bible in an “underground” setting. Because of the 13-hour time change, I decided to sleep from 7:30 or 8:00 p.m. to 2:00 or 3:00 a.m. (whenever I woke up). I would then get out of bed and work on this project until breakfast at 7:30 a.m., then teach the Bible from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., going to bed a short while later to rise again in the middle of the night. Thanks be to God for the time He provided for me to finish this project! I’m also thankful for Ryan Cheung’s friendship and fellowship in ministry on that trip.
I dedicate this book to my sister Dayna and her husband Clint, along with their kids, Cora, Anna, John, and Nate. My sister has always been used of the Lord in my life to spur me toward holiness and Christlikeness. That has only increased since the Lord blessed her, and our family, with Clint. They were married when my wife and I were dating, and their wedding was the first family function to which I took sweet Jill. It has been a blessing to see the friendship blossom between my sister and my bride and to watch our children play. Clint is a dear brother in the Lord. God has been so kind to us, so much better than we deserve. While I was pursuing a PhD, Clint and Dayna generously supported us by buying my books every semester. Their friendship, encouragement, and love over the years is like the oil on Aaron’s beard (Ps 133:2).
In Song of Songs 4, Solomon speaks of the bride in the Song as though she were the garden of Eden, a profound biblical-theological comparison in view of the fact that the new Jerusalem is the bride(Rev 21:9-10) and marriage is about Christ and the church (Eph 5:32). Psalm 128:3 describes the blessed man whose wife is “like a fruitful vine” and whose children are “like young olive trees around [his] table.” I cannot adequately communicate my God-ward thanks and praise for the glory and mystery of marriage, for the joy of fatherhood. My fruitful vine and our olive shoots are past my powers to describe.
To Him who ever lives and reigns, with the Father and the Spirit, be glory and honor, blessing and power, wisdom and thanks, world without end, Amen.
James M. Hamilton
February 1, 2013
Louisville, Kentucky