Additional Tables
Table A1 Post-Kelo Reform in States Ranked by Number of “Threatened” Private-to-Private Condemnations
|
State |
Number of Threatened Takings1 |
Effectiveness of Reform |
|
Florida |
2,055 |
Effective (L & LR) |
|
Maryland |
1,110 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
California |
635 |
Ineffective (L & CR) |
|
New Jersey |
589 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Missouri |
437 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Ohio |
331 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Michigan |
173 |
Effective (L & LR) |
|
Utah |
167 |
Enacted Prior to Kelo |
|
Kentucky |
161 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Texas |
118 |
Ineffective (L & LR) |
|
Colorado |
114 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Pennsylvania |
108 |
Effective (L) |
|
New York |
89 |
No Reform |
|
Minnesota |
83 |
Effective (L) |
|
Rhode Island |
65 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Connecticut |
61 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Indiana |
51 |
Effective (L) |
|
Arkansas |
40 |
No Reform |
|
Tennessee |
37 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Virginia |
27 |
Effective (L & LR) |
|
Nevada |
15 |
Effective (L & CR) |
|
Vermont |
15 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
West Virginia |
12 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Wisconsin |
12 |
Effective (L) |
|
Nebraska |
11 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Arizona |
10 |
Effective (CR) |
|
Illinois |
9 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Kansas |
7 |
Effective (L) |
|
South Carolina |
7 |
Ineffective (LR) |
(continued)
Table A1 (continued)
|
State |
Number of Threatened Takings1 |
Effectiveness of Reform |
|
Hawaii |
5 |
No Reform |
|
Massachusetts |
4 |
No Reform |
|
Oregon |
2 |
Effective (CR) |
|
Delaware |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
Georgia |
0 |
Effective (L & LR) |
|
Idaho |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
South Dakota |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
Wyoming |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
Alabama |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
Alaska |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Iowa |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Louisiana |
0 |
Effective (LR) |
|
Maine |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Mississippi |
0 |
Effective (CR) |
|
Montana |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
New Hampshire |
0 |
Effective (L & LR) |
|
New Mexico |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
North Carolina |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
North Dakota |
0 |
Effective (CR) |
|
Oklahoma |
0 |
No Reform |
|
Washington |
0 |
No Reform |
L = Reform enacted by state legislature; CR = Reform enacted by citizen- initiated referendum; LR = Reform enacted by legislature- initiated referendum.
1. Dana Berliner, Public Power, Private Gain: A Five- Year, State- by- State Report Examining the Abuse of Eminent Domain (2003), http://www.castlecoalition.org/pdf/report/ED_report.pdf. This data on known eminent domain condemnations by stateincludes developments from 1998 to 2002. Ibid., 8-9.
Table A2 Post- Kelo Reform in States Ranked by Number of Private-to-Private Condemnations per 1 Million People
|
State |
2005 Population1 |
Takings2/1M people |
Effectiveness of Reform |
|
Pennsylvania |
12,429,616 |
202.5 |
Effective (L) |
|
Kansas |
2,744,687 |
56.5 |
Effective (L) |
|
Maryland |
5,600,388 |
22.7 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Michigan |
10,120,860 |
13.6 |
Effective (L & LR) |
|
Rhode Island |
1,076,189 |
11.2 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Connecticut |
3,510,297 |
8.8 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Ohio |
11,464,042 |
7.9 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Virginia |
7,567,465 |
7.7 |
Effective (L &LR) |
|
Oklahoma |
3,547,884 |
6.5 |
No Reform |
|
California |
36,132,147 |
6.2 |
Ineffective (L & CR) |
|
New Jersey |
8,717,925 |
5.9 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Tennessee |
5,962,959 |
4.9 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Colorado |
4,665,177 |
4.9 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
West Virginia |
1,816,856 |
4.4 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Florida |
17,789,864 |
3.8 |
Effective (L & LR) |
Table A2 (continued)
|
State |
2005 Population1 |
Takings2/1M people |
Effectiveness of Reform |
|
Missouri |
5,800,310 |
3.1 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
New York |
19,254,630 |
3 |
No Reform |
|
Arizona |
5,939,292 |
1.9 |
Effective (CR) |
|
Minnesota |
5,132,799 |
1.8 |
Effective (L) |
|
Alabama |
4,557,808 |
1.8 |
Effective (L) |
|
Washington |
6,287,759 |
1.7 |
No Reform |
|
Kentucky |
4,173,405 |
1.7 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
North Dakota |
636,677 |
1.6 |
Effective (CR) |
|
Maine |
1,321,505 |
1.5 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Iowa |
2,966,334 |
1.3 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Nevada |
2,414,807 |
1.2 |
Effective (L & CR) |
|
Louisiana |
4,523,628 |
1.1 |
Effective (LR) |
|
Mississippi |
2,921,088 |
1 |
Effective (CR) |
|
Massachusetts |
6,398,743 |
0.8 |
No Reform |
|
Illinois |
12,763,371 |
0.6 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Indiana |
6,271,973 |
0.6 |
Effective (L) |
|
Nebraska |
1,758,787 |
0.6 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Texas |
22,859,968 |
0.5 |
Ineffective (L & LR) |
|
Arkansas |
2,779,154 |
0.4 |
No Reform |
|
North Carolina |
8,683,242 |
0.1 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Alaska |
663,661 |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Delaware |
843,524 |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
Georgia |
9,072,576 |
0 |
Effective (L & LR) |
|
Idaho |
1,429,096 |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
South Dakota |
775,933 |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
Wyoming |
509,294 |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
Hawaii |
1,275,194 |
0 |
No Reform |
|
Montana |
935,670 |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
New Hampshire |
1,309,940 |
0 |
Effective (L & LR) |
|
New Mexico |
1,928,384 |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
Oregon |
3,641,056 |
0 |
Effective (CR) |
|
South Carolina |
4,255,083 |
0 |
Ineffective (LR) |
|
Utah |
2,469,585 |
0 |
Enacted Prior to Kelo |
|
Vermont |
623,050 |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Wisconsin |
5,536,201 |
0 |
Effective (L) |
L = Reform enacted by state legislature; CR = Reform enacted by citizen-initiated referendum; LR = Reform enacted by legislature-initiated referendum.
1. United States Census Bureau, Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States and States, and for Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005 (2005), available at http://www.census.gov/popest/states/NST-ann -est2005.html.
2. Some takings affected more than one property.
Table A3 Post- Kelo Reform in States Ranked by Number of Threatened Private-to-Private Condemnations per 1 Million People
|
State |
2005 Population1 |
Threatened Takings2 /1M people |
Effectiveness of Reform |
|
Maryland |
5,600,388 |
198.2 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Florida |
17,789,864 |
115.5 |
Effective (L & LR) |
|
Missouri |
5,800,310 |
75.3 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Utah |
2,469,585 |
67.6 |
Enacted Prior to Kelo |
|
New Jersey |
8,717,925 |
67.6 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Rhode Island |
1,076,189 |
60.4 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Kentucky |
4,173,405 |
38.6 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Ohio |
11,464,042 |
28.9 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Colorado |
4,665,177 |
24.4 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Vermont |
623,050 |
24.1 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
California |
36,132,147 |
17.6 |
Ineffective (L & CR) |
|
Connecticut |
3,510,297 |
17.4 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Michigan |
10,120,860 |
17.1 |
Effective (L & LR) |
|
Minnesota |
5,132,799 |
16.2 |
Effective (L) |
|
Arkansas |
2,779,154 |
14.4 |
No Reform |
|
Pennsylvania |
12,429,616 |
8.7 |
Effective (L) |
|
Indiana |
6,271,973 |
8.1 |
Effective (L) |
|
West Virginia |
1,816,856 |
6.6 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Nebraska |
1,758,787 |
6.3 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Nevada |
2,414,807 |
6.2 |
Effective (L &CR) |
|
Tennessee |
5,962,959 |
6.2 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Texas |
22,859,968 |
5.2 |
Ineffective (L & LR) |
|
New York |
19,254,630 |
4.6 |
No Reform |
|
Hawaii |
1,275,194 |
3.9 |
No Reform |
|
Virginia |
7,567,465 |
3.6 |
Effective (L & LR) |
|
Kansas |
2,744,687 |
2.6 |
Effective (L) |
|
Wisconsin |
5,536,201 |
2.2 |
Effective (L) |
|
Arizona |
5,939,292 |
1.7 |
Effective (CR) |
|
South Carolina |
4,255,083 |
1.6 |
Ineffective (LR) |
|
Illinois |
12,763,371 |
0.7 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Massachusetts |
6,398,743 |
0.6 |
No Reform |
|
Oregon |
3,641,056 |
0.5 |
Effective (CR) |
|
Delaware |
843,524 |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
Georgia |
9,072,576 |
0 |
Effective (L & LR) |
|
Idaho |
1,429,096 |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
South Dakota |
775,933 |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
Wyoming |
509,294 |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
Alabama |
4,557,808 |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
Alaska |
663,661 |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Iowa |
2,966,334 |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Louisiana |
4,523,628 |
0 |
Effective (LR) |
|
Maine |
1,321,505 |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
Mississippi |
2,921,088 |
0 |
Effective (CR) |
|
Montana |
935,670 |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
New Hampshire |
1,309,940 |
0 |
Effective (L & LR) |
|
New Mexico |
1,928,384 |
0 |
Effective (L) |
|
North Carolina |
8,683,242 |
0 |
Ineffective (L) |
|
North Dakota |
636,677 |
0 |
Effective (CR) |
|
Oklahoma |
3,547,884 |
0 |
No Reform |
|
Washington |
6,287,759 |
0 |
No Reform |
L = Reform enacted by state legislature; CR = Reform enacted by citizen-initiated referendum; LR = Reform enacted by legislature-initiated referendum.
1. United States Census Bureau, Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States and States, and for Puerto Rico.
2. Some takings affected more than one property. Berliner, Public Power, Private Gain.