1. Nicolas Barker, private information, 9 September 2008. See Frederick Ponsonby to Lady Lytton, 22 January 1901, in Lutyens, Lady Lytton’s Court Diary, pp. 151–52.
2. The Times, 24 January 1901. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 83.
3. The Times, 24 January 1901. RA VIC/EVIID/1901: 23 January. Roger Fulford, “The King,” in Edwardian England, ed. Simon Nowell-Smith (Oxford University Press, 1964), p. 4.
4. Roberts, Salisbury, p. 797.
5. RA VIC/EVII/W36/1, Text of Declaration, n.d. This document, which is on Privy Council paper and endorsed “Appd ER,” was written after the event with help from Rosebery. See Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 4–5; Sir Almeric Fitzroy, Memoirs (Hutchinson, n.d.), vol. 1, p. 42; Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 23 January 1901; Rennell, Last Days, pp. 176–77.
6. Reid, Ask Sir James, pp. 215–16 (25 January 1901).
7. Rennell, Last Days, pp. 185–88, 294–300.
8. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 85.
9. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 8.
10. Rennell, Last Days, pp. 241–42.
11. RA VIC/Add A4/199, B to Vicky [7 February 1901].
12. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 85–93. Kuhn, Democratic Royalism, pp. 124–25.
13. Henry James to O. Wendell Holmes, in Weintraub, Edward VII, p. 390. James to Ariana Curtis, 3 February 1901, in Henry James Selected Letters, ed. Leon Edel (Harvard University Press, 1987), p. 329.
14. The Times, 23 January 1901.
15. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 6–1975, Diary, 23 January 1901.
16. Fulford, Hanover to Windsor, pp. 128–31. Fulford, “The King,” pp. 4–5. St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 382.
17. Balsan, Glitter and Gold, pp. 119–20.
18. Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 364–65.
19. Hibbert, Edward VII, p. 195.
20. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 201. Private information, Hugo Vickers, April 2010.
21. RA GV/CC29/16, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to Mary, Duchess of York, 13 June 1901.
22. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 17.
23. Fulford, Hanover to Windsor, p. 139.
24. See Fulford, “The King,” p. 16.
25. Journals and Letters of Reginald Viscount Esher, ed. Maurice Brett (Ivor Nicholson and Watson, 1934–38), vol. 1, p. 285 (17 February 1901).
26. Sir Lionel Cust, King Edward VII and His Court (John Murray, 1930), pp. 34–35. See RA VIC/Add A4/208, B to Vicky, 3 April 1901. RA VIC/Add A4/209, B to Vicky, 10 April 1900. RA VIC/Add A4/221, B to Vicky, 3 July 1901.
27. Alix to Vicky, 14 May 1901, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 290.
28. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, p. 279 (6 February 1901).
29. Longford, Victoria RI, p. 542. For the saga of the Munshi’s letters, see p. 586.
30. RA VIC/EVIID/1901: 13 April.
31. RA VIC/Add C07/9, Lord Esher to Francis Knollys, 14 February 1901.
32. RA VIC/Add A4/201, B to Vicky, 17 February 1901.
33. Arnstein, “Queen Victoria Opens Parliament,” Historical Research, vol. 63 (1990), pp. 186–87.
34. Anna Keay, The Crown Jewels (Thames and Hudson, 2011), pp. 158–63.
35. Princess Mary to the Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 16 February 1901; Alix to Queen Mary, 6 February 1911, in Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, pp. 363, 437.
36. Alix to Queen Mary, 6 February 1911, in ibid., p. 437.
37. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 6–1975, Diary, 28 March 1901.
38. The Times, 15 February 1901.
39. Cannadine, “The British Monarchy and the ‘Invention of Tradition,’ ” in The Invention of Tradition, ed. Hobsbawm and Ranger.
40. David M. Craig, “The Crowned Republic? Monarchy and Anti-monarchy in Britain, 1760–1901,” Historical Journal, vol. 46 (2003), p. 173. Homans, Royal Representations, pp. xvii–xxvii.
41. Fulford, Hanover to Windsor, pp. 141–42.
42. C. W. Stamper, What I Know (Mills and Boon, 1913), p. 243.
43. Winston Churchill to Jennie Churchill, 22 January 1901, in Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Companion, vol. 1, part 1, p. 545.
44. B to Emma Bourke, 23 January 1901, telegram (transcript), in Humphrey Whitbread Archive, W/H 75/75. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 6–1975, Diary (28 March 1901).
45. B to Emma Bourke, n.d. [October 1901], transcript, Humphrey Whitbread Archive, W/H 75/77. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 416.
46. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary (21 February 1902).
47. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 6–1975, Diary (12 July 1904). The Times, 23 May 1901. RA VIC/Add A4/216, B to Vicky, 29 May 1901.
48. Anand, Daisy, pp. 108–15.
49. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 276.
50. Ibid., pp. 275–76.
51. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, p. 279 (5 February 1901).
52. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 54.
53. RA GV/CC29/16, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to Princess Mary, 18 June 1901.
54. Princess Mary to the Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 27 January 1901, in Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 363.
55. Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to Princess Mary, 26 May 1901, Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 371.
56. Ibid.
57. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, p. 305 (14 October 1901).
58. Prochaska, Royal Bounty, p. 126.
59. Frank Prochaska, “Queen Mary,” ODNB.
60. Louisa Lady in Waiting, ed. Elizabeth Longford (Jonathan Cape, 1979), p. 87.
61. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, pp. 345–46 (28 July 1902).
62. Duchess of York to the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 17 June 1901, in Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 361.
63. Countess of Airlie, Thatched with Gold (Hutchinson, 1962), p. 107.
64. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 105.
65. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, p. 290 (18 March 1901).
66. Alix to George, August 1901, in Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 375.
67. Ibid., p. 423.
68. A. W. Purdue, “Alexandra,” ODNB. See Purdue, “Queen Adelaide: Malign Influence or Consort Maligned?,” in Clarissa Campbell Orr, Queenship in Britain, 1660–1837 (Manchester University Press, 2002), pp. 267–87.
69. Longford, Louisa, p. 79. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 225.
70. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, p. 318 (18 November 1901).
71. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 373 (9 February 1902).
72. RA VIC/Add U/28, Sir Frederick Treves, “An Account of the Illness of King Edward VII in June 1902” (typescript), pp. 115–16.
73. A. C. Benson, Edwardian Excursions, ed. David Newsome (John Murray, 1981), p. 75.
74. RA VIC/Add A4/200, B to Vicky, 13 February 1901.
75. RA VIC/Add A4/201, B to Vicky, 17 February 1901.
76. RA VIC/Add A4/202, B to Vicky, 21 February 1901.
77. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 110.
78. Ibid., p. 112.
79. Rose, George V, p. 315.
80. Pakula, Uncommon Woman, p. 667. RA VIC/Add A4/216, B to Vicky, 29 May 1901. RA VIC/Add A4/217, B to Vicky, 5 June 1901.
81. RA VIC/EVIID/1901: 31 July 1901.
82. RA VIC/MAIN/X19/1a, Princess Helena to B, 6 August 1901.
83. RA GV/AA23/5, B to George, 7 August 1901.
84. RA VIC/MAIN/X19/1b, Princess Helena to B, 10 August 1901.
85. RA GV/CC45/248, Duke of Connaught to the Duchess of York, 21 August 1901.
86. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 26.
87. The Diary of Sir Edward Hamilton, 1885–1906, ed. Dudley Bahlman (Hull University Press, 1993), pp. 398, 400 (10, 20 February 1901).
88. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist. c. 718, fols. 67–68, Francis Knollys to Lord Salisbury, 15 June 1901.
89. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 357. Allfrey, Jewish Court, pp. 191–95. Kuhn, “Queen Victoria’s Civil List,” Historical Journal, vol. 36 (1993), pp. 663–64.
90. Hansard, 9 May 1901, vol. 93, cols. 1199–1214.
91. RA GV/AA23/16, B to George, 9 December 1901.
92. Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 289–90. Matthew Dennison, The Last Princess (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2007), pp. 225–29.
93. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 151–52.
94. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 220.
95. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 3, October 1911.
96. RA VIC/Add C13, Nurse Haines’s Diary, 9 September 1902.
97. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 411.
98. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 201.
99. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, p. 300 (20 June 1901).
100. Hibbert, Edward VII, p. 223.
101. Sidney Holland, Viscount Knutsford, In Black and White (Edward Arnold, 1926), p. 181.
102. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 21.
103. Longford, Louisa, p. 87.
104. Cust, Edward VII, p. 28.
105. Information from Simon Houfe, June 2009.
106. Hibbert, Edward VII, pp. 197–98.
107. John Martin Robinson, Buckingham Palace (Royal Collection, 2000), p. 125.
108. Cust, Edward VII, p. 91. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, pp. 306–7 (Lord Esher to Arthur Ellis, 20 February 1901).
109. Ellenberger, “Transformation of London ‘Society’ at the End of Victoria’s Reign: Evidence from the Court Presentation Records,” Albion, vol. 22 (1990), esp. pp. 638–53.
1. Lord Salisbury, quoted in Roberts, Salisbury, p. 798.
2. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 51.
3. RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” pp. 57–58. Hibbert, Edward VII, plates 45, 46.
4. RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” p. 8. Hibbert, Edward VII, p. 223.
5. RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” pp. 5–6.
6. Cust, Edward VII, pp. 32–33.
7. RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” pp. 10–11, 86.
8. Ibid., pp. 6–7.
9. RA VIC/EVIID/1902: 15 June.
10. Lancet, 25 June 1902.
11. Ibid., 5 July 1902.
12. Lancet, 25 June 1902.
13. RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” p. 47.
14. Hibbert, Edward VII, p. 282. According to one of the doctors present, the King ceased breathing twice. Stephen Trombley, Sir Frederick Treves (Routledge, 1989), p. 130.
15. Lancet, 25 June, 5 July 1902.
16. RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” pp. 74, 79.
17. RA VIC/Add A5/472, B to Mrs. Keppel, “Wednesday 10 a.m.” [25 June 1902].
18. RA VIC/Add A5/473, B to Mrs. Keppel, “Thursday 9 a.m.” [26 June 1902].
19. RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” pp. 60, 87, 89.
20. RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” p. 93.
21. Kenneth James, Escoffier: The King of Chefs (Hambledon, 2002), pp. 186–88.
22. Yvonne Ward, “ ‘Gosh! Man I’ve Got a Tune in my Head’: Edward Elgar, A. C. Benson and the Creation of ‘Land of Hope and Glory,’ ” Court Historian, vol. 7 (2002), pp. 17–39.
23. J. E. C. Bodley, The Coronation of Edward the Seventh (Methuen, 1903), p. 201.
24. Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 96. Kuhn, Democratic Royalism, pp. 125–28.
25. Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 1, pp. 98–99. Kuhn, Democratic Royalism, p. 95. Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 513.
26. Balsan, Glitter and Gold, p. 132.
27. Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 513.
28. Keay, Crown Jewels, p. 164.
29. Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 516.
30. See Camp, Royal Mistresses, p. 376, for the controversy as to who exactly was sitting in the box.
31. Balsan, Glitter and Gold, p. 132. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, pp. 249–50.
32. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 299.
33. Keay, Crown Jewels, p. 166. Alix’s crown had four intersecting arches in the manner of continental crowns, including those of Denmark, rather than the pair of crossing arches found on English crowns.
34. For Alix’s baldness, see Frank Harris, “Some New Stories of King Edward,” Pearson’s Magazine (1916), p. 317.
35. A. Escoffier, A Guide to Modern Cookery (William Heinemann, 1911), pp. 481–82, 667. James, Escoffier, pp. 92–93, 181, 189, 204–5.
36. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary (4 February 1901).
37. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 139.
38. Rose, George V, pp. 145–46.
39. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 140.
40. David Cannadine, “The Last Hanoverian Sovereign?: The Victorian Monarchy in Historical Perspective, 1688–1988,” in The First Modern Society: Essays in English History in Honour of Lawrence Stone, ed. A. L. Beier, David Cannadine, and James M. Rosenheim (Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 156–58.
41. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 1, p. 415 (29 June 1903).
42. RA VIC/Add C07/1, Thomas Sanderson to Francis Knollys, 27 October 1902. RA VIC/Add C07/1, Lord Lansdowne to Knollys, 28 October 1902.
43. RA VIC/X29/76c, Lady Gwendolen Cecil to Sidney Greville, 27 August 1903.
44. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, Lee’s Notes of Interview with Balfour, 24 November 1911.
45. The Crawford Papers, ed. John Vincent (Manchester University Press, 1984), p. 39 (2 June 1897).
46. Lord Salisbury, quoted in Roberts, Salisbury, p. 798.
47. B to Lord Salisbury, 17 February 1901, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 23.
48. Roberts, Salisbury, p. 798.
49. Schomberg McDonnell’s memo to Lord Salisbury, 13 February 1902, in Simon Heffer, Power and Place: The Political Consequences of King Edward VII (Phoenix, 1999), pp. 124–25.
50. Lord Salisbury’s note on McDonnell’s memo, 13 February 1902, in ibid., p. 125.
51. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 97.
52. RA VIC/W38/1, Lord Esher to Francis Knollys, 22 May 1900.
53. B to Lord Salisbury, 20 April 1902, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 98.
54. Heffer, Power, pp. 128–29. Stanley Martin, The Order of Merit (Tauris, 2007).
55. Longford, Louisa, p. 97.
56. RA VIC/W36/9, A. J. Balfour to Lord Knollys, 10 May 1902. Francis Knollys was created Viscount Knollys in the Coronation Honours of 1902.
57. The society doctor Sir Douglas Powell advised Lord Salisbury not to attend the Coronation on account of “irritability of the bladder and liability to over distension which would result in serious trouble. I am quite sure that if the King had any idea of this risk he would wish you to avoid it.” (RA VIC/W36/18, Lord Salisbury to B, 29 July 1902, enclosing Sir D. Powell to Salisbury, 28 July 1902.)
58. Arthur Balfour to Lady Elcho, 10 February 1901, in The Letters of Arthur Balfour and Lady Elcho, 1885–1917, ed. by Jane Ridley and Clayre Percy (Hamish Hamilton, 1992), p. 177.
59. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, Lee’s Notes of Interview with Balfour, 24 November 1911.
60. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist 718, fols. 19–21, Arthur Balfour to Lord Knollys, 9 February 1901; fols. 26–28, Knollys to Balfour, 9 February 1901; fols. 19–21, Balfour to Knollys, 9 February 1901.
61. BL, Add MS 48371, Diary of Almeric Fitzroy (9, 11 February 1901).
62. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, Lee’s Notes of Interview with Balfour, 24 November 1911.
63. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 718, fols. 116–17, Lord Knollys to J. S. Sandars, 18 July 1902.
64. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 146–47.
65. RA GV/GG9/218, Frederick Ponsonby to Arthur Davidson, 15 January 1913.
66. Heffer, Power, p. 148.
67. Arthur Balfour to Lord Knollys, 3 November 1902, in ibid., pp. 150–51.
1. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 154, 159.
2. Roderick R. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy in Europe, 1890–1914 (Cambridge, 2001), pp. 143–44.
3. Ibid., p. 146.
4. Daisy, Princess of Pless, From My Private Diary (John Murray, 1931), pp. 91–92 (29 March 1901).
5. RA GV/AA23/38, B to George, 12 April 1903.
6. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 155.
7. RA VIC/W43/77, Frederick Ponsonby to Lord Knollys, 22 April 1903.
8. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 159.
9. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, fols. 134–38, Charles Hardinge to Sidney Lee, 14 November 1920.
10. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 161.
11. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 384.
12. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist c. 719, fols. 58–59, Lord Knollys to Arthur Balfour, 16 March 1903; fols. 60–61, Knollys to Balfour, 19 March 1903; fols. 66–67, Knollys to Balfour, 23 March 1903; fols. 70–71, Knollys to J. S. Sandars, 26 March 1903.
13. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 719, fols. 77–78, Duke of Norfolk to Charles Hardinge, draft telegram [8 April 1903].
14. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 162–64. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 230–33.
15. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng. Hist, c. 719, fols. 152–56, Charles Hardinge to Arthur Balfour, 29 April 1903.
16. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 237.
17. For B’s friendship with Jeanne Granier, see Frank Harris, My Life and Loves (privately printed, 1922–27), vol. 2, pp. 467–69. This book is still considered so obscene that readers at the London Library are required to sit at a special desk supervised by a librarian; it is disappointingly bland. Bertie stayed at Cannes 16 February–6 March 1889, and visited Monte Carlo, where he stayed for two nights: 21–22 February. (RA VIC/EDVIID/1889: 16 February–6 March.) Randolph Churchill, who was also in Monte Carlo, wrote to Jennie about Jeanne Granier. Churchill Archives Centre, Jennie Churchill Papers, CHAR 28/9/9, Randolph Churchill to Jennie Churchill, 19 February 1889.
18. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, fols. 1–3, George Saunders to Lee, 22 November 1911.
19. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 171.
20. Shane Leslie, Long Shadows (John Murray, 1966), p. 97.
21. Pless, Diary, p. 95 (15 May 1903).
22. Jullian, Edward and the Edwardians, p. 248.
23. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 148.
24. Memorandum by Eyre Crowe, 1 January 1907, in British Documents on the Origins of the War, vol. 3, The Testing of the Entente, 1904–6, ed. G. P. Gooch and Harold Temperley (HMSO, 1928), p. 397.
25. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, fols. 7–9, Lee’s Note of Interview with Balfour, 24 November 1911.
26. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, pp. 141–42.
27. See ibid., p. 142, note 7, for a list of modern analyses of British foreign policy during the reign that virtually ignores King Edward VII.
28. H. C. G. Matthew, “Edward VII,” ODNB.
29. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, fols. 1–3, George Saunders to Sidney Lee, 22 November 1911.
30. Christopher Andrew, “France and the Making of the Entente,” Historical Journal, vol. 10 (1967), esp. pp. 101, 103–4.
31. Roberts, Salisbury, p. 643.
32. W. C. Sellers and R. J. Yeatman, 1066 and All That: A Memorable History of England (Methuen, 2005), pp. 164–65.
33. Fulford, “The King,” p. 33.
34. RA VIC/X/19/23e, Kaiser William to B, telegram, 1 April 1905.
35. Miranda Carter, The Three Emperors (Fig Tree, 2009), pp. 319–20.
36. B to Lord Lansdowne, 15 April 1905, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 340.
37. B to Louis Battenberg, 15 April 1905, in McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 115.
38. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 211.
39. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 115.
40. The Times, 1 May 1905.
41. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, fols. 1–3, George Saunders to Sidney Lee, 22 November 1911.
42. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 216–17.
43. Souhami, Mrs. Keppel, p. 72.
44. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 216.
45. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 118.
46. George Wyndham to Pamela Tennant, 26 July 1903, in J. W. Mackail and Guy Wyndham, Life and Letters of George Wyndham (Hutchinson, 1925), vol. 2, p. 462.
47. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 10–1975, Diary, 7 May 1910, reporting conversation with Lady Elcho.
48. The Times, 22 July 1903.
49. Mary Kenny, Crown and Shamrock (New Island, 2009), pp. 83–89.
50. Mackail and Wyndham, George Wyndham, vol. 2, pp. 462–65.
51. Vincent, Crawford Papers, p. 67 (15 June 1902).
52. Sonia Keppel, Edwardian Daughter (Hamish Hamilton, 1958), p. 23.
53. Trefusis, Don’t Look Round, p. 33.
54. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 7–1975, Diary, 12 July 1904.
55. Vita Sackville-West, The Edwardians (Hogarth Press, 1930), p. 147.
56. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 152.
57. Balsan, Glitter and Gold, p. 120.
58. Phillips, Last Edwardians, p. 21.
59. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 7–1975, Diary, 12 July 1904.
60. Sackville-West, Edwardians, pp. 204–5.
61. McKinstry, Rosebery, p. 496.
62. Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 1, pp. 160–61.
63. Diane Urquhart, The Ladies of Londonderry (I. B. Tauris, 2007), pp. 82–84.
64. Fitzroy’s MSS diary, 18 October 1903, in Richard Davenport-Hines, Ettie (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2008), p. 152.
65. See Warwick, Afterthoughts, pp. 46, 256.
66. The Times, 6 January 1904.
67. Pless, Diary, pp. 126–27 (10, 12 January 1904). Vane, Affair of State, p. 241.
68. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 2 February 1906.
69. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 316.
70. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 12 September 1903.
71. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 318.
72. Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 146.
73. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 29 September 1903.
74. Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 318–19.
75. Heffer, Power, p. 180.
76. RA VIC/Add C7/2/S, B to Lord Knollys, 28 August 1903.
77. David Gilmour, Curzon (John Murray, 1994), pp. 291–92.
78. Earl of Midleton, Records and Reactions (John Murray, 1939), pp. 159–62.
79. Lord Esher to Maurice Brett, 21 September 1903, in Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 14.
80. Lord Esher to Arthur Balfour, 25 September 1903, in ibid., vol. 2, p. 19.
81. Lord Esher to Maurice Brett, 11 October 1903, in ibid., vol. 2, p. 27.
82. Lees-Milne, Esher, pp. 16, 136.
83. Lord Esher to Admiral John Fisher, 6 August 1904, in Arthur J. Marder, ed., Fear God and Dread Nought: The Correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher of Kilverstone (Cape, 1952–59), vol. 1, p. 324.
84. Lord Esher to Arthur Balfour, 16 January 1904, in Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 38.
85. W. S. Hamer, The British Army: Civil-Military Relations, 1885–1905 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970), pp. 13–14, 36–37.
86. Ibid., pp. 243–44.
87. Ibid., p. 225.
88. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist. c. 720, fols. 80–90, Lord Salisbury to Arthur Balfour, 21 April 1905.
89. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 11 December 1905.
90. Lord Esher to Maurice Brett, 5 March 1906, in Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 149.
91. Lees-Milne, Esher, p. 161.
92. B to Lord Knollys, 16 April 1904, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 253.
93. Fulford, “The King,” pp. 26–27.
94. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 719, Lord Knollys to J. S. Sandars, 22 December 1903.
95. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 719, fols. 247–48, J. S. Sandars to Lord Knollys, 27 December 1903 (draft).
96. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 243.
97. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 720, fol. 37, Lord Knollys to Arthur Balfour, 16 February 1905.
98. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 720, fol. 109, Lord Knollys to Arthur Balfour, 25 July 1905.
99. Gilmour, Curzon, pp. 217, 236.
100. Lord Knollys to Arthur Balfour, 1 September 1905 (telegram), in St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 391.
101. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 720, fol. 128b, Arthur Balfour to Lord Knollys, 1 September 1905 (copy).
102. See Gilmour, Curzon, p. 348.
103. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 720, fols. 129–30, Lord Knollys to J. S. Sandars, 2 September 1905.
104. RA VIC/Add C07//P, Arthur Balfour to Lord Knollys, 6 September 1905.
1. Census Records, 1881, 1891, 1901. The Times, 22 April 1914.
2. Stamper, What I Know.
3. Rose, George V, p. 296.
4. Keppel, Edwardian Daughter, p. 20.
5. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 5 February 1905.
6. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 204. The Times, 6, 7, 9, 11 December 1905.
7. RA GV/AA24/29, B to George, 30 November–1 December 1905.
8. RA GV/AA24/30, B to George, 8 December 1905.
9. Asquith, Autobiography, vol. 2, p. 72.
10. Lord Knollys to B, 8 December 1905, in Heffer, Power, p. 208.
11. Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 272.
12. RA VIC/Add A17/1033, B to Louise, 11 December 1905.
13. RA GV/AA24/31, B to George, 15 December 1905.
14. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, pp. 126–27.
15. Frank Hardie, The Political Influence of the British Monarchy, 1868–1952 (Batsford, 1970), p. 83.
16. R. B. Haldane to Lord Knollys, 12 September 1905, and Knollys’s reply, in John Wilson, CB: A Life of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman (Constable 1973), pp. 427–30.
17. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 234.
18. Wilson, CB, p. 426.
19. RA VIC/Add U417, B to the Marquis de Soveral, 27 August 1905. Wilson, CB, pp. 144–45, 427.
20. Heffer, Power, p. 208.
21. RA VIC/Add C07/9, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 10 October 1905.
22. RA GV/AA24/32, B to George, 22 December 1905.
23. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MSS 56087A, fols. 134–38, Charles Hardinge to Sidney Lee, 14 November 1920.
24. Carter, Three Emperors, pp. 306–8.
25. RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 27 September 1905.
26. RA GV/AA 23/27, B to George, 17 November 1905.
27. Quoted in Harold Nicolson, Sir Arthur Nicolson, First Lord Carnock (Constable, 1930), p. 214.
28. Ibid., pp. 171, 212.
29. Williams, It Was Such Fun, pp. 223–24.
30. Zara Steiner, “The Last Years of the Old Foreign Office, 1898–1905,” Historical Journal, vol. 6 (1963), p. 80.
31. Ibid., p. 82.
32. Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 25 May 1904, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 291.
33. RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 17 November 1905.
34. Steiner, “Last Years,” pp. 82–85.
35. Zara Steiner, “Grey, Hardinge and the Foreign Office, 1906–1910,” Historical Journal, vol. 10 (1967), pp. 415–17.
36. RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 21 June 1906.
37. RA GV/GG9/661, Arthur Davidson to Frederick Ponsonby, 27 November 1914.
38. RA GV/CC24/43, Mary, Princess of Wales to Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 22 February 1906.
39. RA VIC/R27/36, Note by B on CB’s letter of 9 March 1906.
40. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 265 (1 December 1907).
41. RA VIC/R27/78, Memo by B, 18 July 1906.
42. RA VIC/R27/79, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman to Lord Knollys, 19 July 1906.
43. RA VIC/R27/80, Memo by B, 19 July 1906.
44. Bodleian Library, Sandars Papers, MS Eng Hist, c. 720, fol. 109, Lord Knollys to Arthur Balfour, 25 July 1905.
45. RA VIC/X16/3, B to Winston Churchill, 20 August 1906. Randolph Churchill, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 2, Young Statesman (Heinemann, 1967), pp. 158–61.
46. Robert Benson to Robert Witt (secretary of the NACF), 19 January 1906, in Mary Yule, “The Acquisition of Velazquez’s Rokeby Venus” (typescript, 2007). See Edmund Gosse, letter to The Times, 15 March 1906.
47. Lady Colin Campbell in The World, 15 November 1905, in Yule, “Acquisition of Velazquez’s Rokeby Venus,” p. 9.
48. Ibid., p. 12.
49. RA VIC/R28/27, B to Lord Knollys, 12 March 1907.
50. B to Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, 29 March 1907, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 468.
51. Caroline Spurrier Papers, B to Daisy Warwick, n.d. [1899].
52. Stamper, What I Know, p. 157.
53. RA GV/AA24/37, B to George, 26 January 1906.
54. Autobiography of Sir Felix Semon, ed. Henry Semon and Thomas McIntyre (Jarrold, 1926), p. 280.
55. RA GV/AA24/43, B to George, 8 March 1906. B to Lady Londonderry, 26 March 1906, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 510–11.
56. Keppel, Edwardian Daughter, p. 44.
57. Vane, Affair of State, p. 187.
58. RA VIC/W64/87, Lord Loreburn to B, 27 February 1906.
59. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 42–44. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 511–14.
60. B to Prince Charles of Denmark, 11 August 1905, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 321.
61. Carter, Three Emperors, p. 324.
62. Ibid., p. 325.
63. Lord Lansdowne to Frank Lascelles, 25 September 1905, in McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 123.
64. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MSS 56087A, fols. 134–38, Charles Hardinge to Sidney Lee, 14 November 1920.
65. Thomas A. Kohut, “Kaiser Wilhelm and His Parents,” in Kaiser Wilhelm II, ed. John Rohl and Nicolaus Sombart (Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 84–88.
66. B to Kaiser William, 27 January 1906, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 525.
67. Kaiser William to B, 1 February 1906, in ibid., vol. 2, pp. 525–26.
68. RA VIC/Add C07/2/S, B to Lord Knollys, 19 March 1906.
69. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 126.
70. Carter, Three Emperors, p. 331.
71. John Phillips Archive, Transcript of Menu Hôtel du Palais Biarritz, in King’s handwriting, ER le 2 Avril 1906.
72. Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 400.
73. RA VIC/W50/33 Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 20 October 1906.
74. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 200.
75. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 122.
76. RA VIC/W49/75, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 16 July 1906.
77. RA VIC/W49/82, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 28 July 1906.
78. The Times, 16 August 1906.
79. RA VIC/W49/93, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 19 August 1906.
80. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 181.
81. Ibid., p. 182.
82. RA VIC/W49/93, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 19 August 1906.
83. RA VIC/W49/95, Charles Hardinge to Edward Grey, 16 August 1906.
84. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 272.
85. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 73, 141.
86. RA VIC/X32/264, Stanley Clarke (equerry) to Lord Knollys, 24 September 1906. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 235–36.
87. RA VIC/Add U/28, Treves, “Illness of King Edward VII,” p. 13. The rodent ulcer had apparently been cured by X-ray before the Coronation, but “the malignant growth returned and by January 1906 had assumed serious proportions and had become adherent to the bone.”
88. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 404. Prochaska, Royal Bounty, pp. 152–53: Sir Ernest Cassel and Lord Iveagh founded a Radium Institute on Portland Place that opened in 1911.
89. Crawford Papers, p. 153 (8 May 1910).
90. Hibbert, Edward VII, pp. 229–30. The Times, 11, 12 July 1906.
91. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 10 July 1906.
92. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, February 1907.
93. Stamper, What I Know, p. 102. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 225.
94. Stamper, What I Know, p. 102.
95. Semon and McIntyre, Autobiography, p. 283.
96. The Times, 8 March 1907.
97. RA VIC/X32/286, G. de Reuter to Arthur Davidson, 6 March 1908 [sic—actually 1907].
98. Winston Churchill to Lord Elgin, 27 March 1907, in Randolph Churchill, Winston S. Churchill: Companion, vol. 2 (Heinemann, 1969), part 1, p. 653.
99. Morgan, Edwina Mountbatten, p. 28.
100. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 534. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 109, 111.
101. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 544.
102. RA VIC/W51/22, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 17 February [1907]. RA VIC/W51/23, Hardinge to Knollys, 18 February 1907.
103. The Times, 9 April 1907.
104. RA VIC/W52/9, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 19 July [1907].
105. The Times, 19 April 1907.
106. Frank Lascelles to Edward Grey, 19 April 1907, in British Documents on the Origin of the War, ed. C. P. Gooch and H. Temperley (HMSO, 1930), vol. 6, p. 28.
107. Frederick Ponsonby to Charles Hardinge, 25 April 1907, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 479.
108. Carter, Three Emperors, p. 345.
109. RA VIC/Add U417, B to the Marquis de Soveral, 19 September 1907.
110. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 13 August 1906.
111. RA VIC/W51/71, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 6 April 1907.
112. RA VIC/W52/9, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 19 July [1907].
113. RA VIC/W52/12, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 22 August 1907. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 546–47. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 184.
114. RA VIC/Add U417, B to the Marquis de Soveral, 19 September 1907.
115. RA VIC/Add U417, B to the Marquis de Soveral, 20 September 1907.
116. Stamper, What I Know, p. 137.
117. Leslie, Edwardians in Love, p. 301. Lady Cunard, with others, lunched with the King on 1 September 1907 (RA VIC/EVIID/1907: 1 September).
118. B to Lord Knollys, 31 October 1907, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 554.
119. John Rohl, “The Emperor’s New Clothes,” in Rohl and Sombart, Wilhelm II, p. 48. See Lamar Cecil, Wilhelm II (University of North Carolina Press, 1996), vol. 2, pp. 112–15.
120. RA VIC/W50/18, Charles Hardinge to B, 9 October 1906.
121. RA VIC/W52/43, Edward Grey to Lord Knollys, 11 October 1907.
122. Edward Grey to Frank Lascelles, 1 November 1907, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 88. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 204.
123. RA VIC/W52/53, Edward Grey to Lord Knollys, 1 November 1907.
124. Charles Hardinge to Frank Lascelles, 2 October 1907, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 84.
125. Kaiser William to B, 20 June 1907, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 546–47.
126. Jonathan Steinberg, “The Kaiser and the British,” in Rohl and Sombart, Wilhelm II, pp. 133–34.
127. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 255 (16 November 1907).
128. Edward Grey to Francis Bertie, 20 November 1907, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 102.
1. RA VIC/EVIID/1908: 6 March.
2. Auguste Rodin to Daisy Warwick, 7–8 March 1908, Rodin Archive: I am grateful to Victoria Fishburn for this reference.
3. Marion J. Hare, “Rodin and His English Sitters,” Burlington Magazine, vol. 129 (1987), pp. 374–75.
4. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 261.
5. RA PS/GV/O/479B/23A, Charles Russell’s Memo for Lord Stamfordham, 21 July 1914.
6. RA PS/GV/O/479B/109, Lady Algernon Gordon-Lennox, n.d., fragment.
7. Ibid. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 29. Warwick, Life’s Ebb and Flow, p. 158.
8. RA PS/GV/O/479B/23A, Charles Russell’s Memo for Lord Stamfordham, 21 July 1914.
9. RA PS/GV/O/479B/12, Lord Stamfordham to George, 6 July 1914.
10. Warwick, Afterthoughts, pp. 21–22.
11. Daisy claimed in her memoirs in 1929 that the marble bust had been bought by the Rodin Gallery in New York, but according to Hare it never reappeared after she sold it. (Warwick, Life’s Ebb and Flow, p. 165. Hare, “Rodin,” pp. 374–75.)
12. RA VIC/EVIID/1908: 4 March. Wilson, CB, p. 621.
13. RA VIC/Add C07/2/G, B to Lord Knollys, 21 March 1908. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 33.
14. H. H. Asquith to Margot Asquith, 4 March 1908, in Life of Herbert Henry Asquith, Lord Oxford and Asquith, ed. J. A. Spender and Cyril Asquith (Hutchinson, 1932), vol. 1, p. 195. This conversation is dated as taking place on 29 February 1908 after the Privy Council by Margot Asquith. (Bodleian Library, MS Eng d3206, Margot Asquith Diary, 29 February 1908.) See Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 341 (29 February 1908).
15. RA VIC/X33/373, Arthur Davidson to Francis Bertie, 17 November 1908. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 577, 687.
16. Keppel, Edwardian Daughter, pp. 44–45. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 175–85.
17. RA VIC/Add C07/2/G, B to Lord Knollys, 25 March 1908.
18. B to Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, telegram, 3 April 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 580.
19. H. H. Asquith to Margot Asquith, 6 (actually 8) April 1908, in Spender and Asquith, Life, vol. 1, p. 197.
20. The Times, 7, 9 April 1908.
21. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 582. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 8, 16 April 1908. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, pp. 300–301 (5 April 1908).
22. RA VIC/Add C07/2/G, Arthur Davidson to Lord Knollys, 30 March 1908.
23. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 16 April 1908.
24. RA VIC/W39/115, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 6 September 1905. RA VIC/W39/131, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 30 December 1905. Admiral John Fisher to Lord Esher, 23 December 1908; Fisher to Esher, 15 March 1909, in Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, pp. 363, 375.
25. RA VIC/W39/117, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 10 September 1905.
26. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 15 March 1907.
27. The Times, 6 February 1908.
28. Kaiser William to Lord Tweedmouth, 14 February 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 605.
29. B to Kaiser William, n.d., in ibid., vol. 2, p. 606.
30. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, pp. 287–88.
31. Admiral John Fisher to Lord Esher, 19 April 1908, in Marder, Fear God and Dread Nought, vol. 2, p. 174.
32. RA VIC/EVIID/1908: 5 June.
33. Admiral John Fisher to his wife, 7 June 1908, in Marder, Fear God and Dread Nought, vol. 2, p. 180.
34. RA VIC/W52/118, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 16 February 1908.
35. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 196. Carter, Three Emperors, pp. 353–54.
36. Nicolson, Sir Arthur Nicolson, pp. 269–73.
37. King, Last Czar, pp. 430–31.
38. Frances Welch, The Romanovs and Mr. Gibbs (Short Books, 2002), p. 14.
39. Admiral John Fisher to R. McKenna, 12 June 1908, in Marder, Fear God and Dread Nought, vol. 2, p. 181.
40. Prince von Bülow, Memoirs (Putnam, 1931), vol. 2, p. 309.
41. Kaiser William’s minute, 25 June 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 596.
42. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, pp. 166–67.
43. Lord Knollys to H. H. Asquith, 15 June 1908, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 409.
44. RA VIC/W66/26, Alexander Murray of Elibank to Lord Knollys, 17 June 1908.
45. RA VIC/W66/31, Alexander Murray of Elibank to Lord Knollys, 26 June 1908.
46. RA VIC/W66/29, Arthur Ponsonby to Lord Knollys, 23 June 1908. RA VIC/W66/38, Ponsonby to Knollys, 1 July 1908. RA VIC/W66/39, Note by B, 3 July 1908.
47. Matthew, “Edward VII,” ODNB.
48. RA VIC/W66/25, Lord Northcliffe to Lord Knollys, 2 June 1908.
49. RA VIC/X33/366c, Schomberg McDonnell to Lord Knollys, 5 June 1908. RA VIC/X33/366d, Note by B, 7 June 1908.
50. RA VIC/X34/414, Arthur Davidson to Lord Althorp, Lord Chamberlain, 26 March 1908.
51. RA VIC/X34/405, Colonel Hon. Charles Gathorne-Hardy to Frederick Ponsonby, 24 February [1908].
52. Turner, Court of St. James’s, p. 344.
53. Ibid. p. 345.
54. The message was conveyed by Lord Churchill, not Winston, as Magnus suggests. (Edward VII, p. 497.) RA VIC/W66/22, Lord Churchill to Lord Knollys, 31 May 1908. RA VIC/W66/23, Knollys to Lord Churchill, 1 June 1908. Winston Churchill wrote to the King begging that the duke, who was a Knight of the Garter, should be permitted to attend the dinner after the Garter ceremonies; this was granted. (Mary Lovell, The Churchills, Little, Brown, 2011, p. 263.)
55. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3206, Margot Asquith Diary, 20 June 1908. This passage was cut from Margot’s published autobiography.
56. Broadlands Archive, Cassel Papers, XI, Emma Bourke to B, n.d. [1907].
57. Broadlands Archive, Cassel Papers, XI, B to Cassel, 5 April [1907].
58. RA VIC/Add U/419/100, B to Emma Bourke, 4 August 1908.
59. For B’s letters to Mabel Batten, see Cara Lancaster Archive.
60. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 9–1975, Diary (8 December 1908).
61. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 7–1975, Diary (15 April 1906); MS 9–1975, Diary (8 December 1908).
62. Grey’s memorandum, 6 August 1908, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 173.
63. B’s minute, 6 August 1908, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 503.
64. Minute by B on F. Cartwright to Edward Grey, 14 August 1908, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 180.
65. Edward Grey to Lord Knollys, 8 August 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 617.
66. RA GV/AA25/41, B to George, 20 August 1908.
67. RA VIC/W54/7 Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 17 August 1908.
68. Charles Hardinge to Edward Grey, 15 August 1908, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 183.
69. RA GV/AA25/41, B to George, 20 August 1908.
70. RA VIC/W54/7, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 17 August 1908.
71. Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 17 August 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 626.
72. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 246–47. Lee places this story in 1907. (Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 549.)
73. Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 17 August 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 626.
74. Miklos Banffy, They Were Found Wanting (Arcadia Books, 2009), pp. 157–59.
75. RA VIC/W54/71, Charles Hardinge to B, 3 October 1908.
76. RA VIC/EVIID/1908: 5 October.
77. Bülow, Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 148.
78. Lord Redesdale, King Edward VII: A Memory (privately printed, 1915), p. 28.
79. R. R. McLean, “Monarchy and Diplomacy in Europe 1900–1910,” (PhD dissertation, University of Sussex, 1996), pp. 123–25.
80. RA VIC/EVIID/1908: 11 October.
81. The Times, 20, 21, 24, 26 October 1908.
82. RA VIC/W54/115, Charles Hardinge to B, 20 October 1908.
83. RA VIC/W54/116, Charles Hardinge to B, 22 October 1908.
84. Carter, Three Emperors, p. 360.
85. B to Nicholas II, 27 October 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 642.
86. RA VIC/W54/119, Charles Hardinge to B, 24 October 1908.
87. Edwin Lutyens to Lady Emily Lutyens, 15 March 1902, in The Letters of Edwin Lutyens to His Wife Lady Emily, ed. by Clayre Percy and Jane Ridley (Collins, 1985), p. 97.
88. Caroline Spurrier Archive, B to Daisy Warwick, 7 January 1898.
89. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 209–11.
90. RA VIC/W54/123, Charles Hardinge to B, 28 October 1908.
91. RA VIC/W54/124, Charles Hardinge to B, 28 October 1908.
92. Cecil, Wilhelm II, vol. 2, p. 140.
93. The Observer, 22 November 1908.
94. RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 12 November 1908.
95. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 359.
96. B to Lord Knollys, 25 November 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 622.
97. RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 7 November 1908.
98. RA VIC/Add C07/2/Q, Note by B on Charles Hardinge to Lord Knollys, 18 November 1908.
99. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 360.
100. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3206, Margot Asquith Diary, November 1908.
101. Lord Howard de Walden to Holbrooke, 22 November 1908, Thomas Seymour collection.
102. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 214–15.
103. Allfrey, Jewish Court, p. 53.
104. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 207.
105. Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 1, pp. 368–70 (8, 19 December 1910).
106. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 231–32. Bertie’s diary shows Mrs. Keppel dining. RA VIC/EVIID/1908: 10, 17 December.
107. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 231–32.
108. Ibid., pp. 225, 230.
109. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Lord Knollys to Charles Carrington, 23 January 1909.
110. Edward Grey to Francis Bertie, 7 January 1909, in Gooch and Temperley, British Documents, vol. 6, p. 227.
111. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3206, Margot Asquith Diary, 1 April 1909.
112. The Times, 10 February 1909. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 256. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 236.
113. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3206, Margot Asquith Diary, 1 April 1909.
114. Daisy Fürstin von Pless, Daisy, Princess of Pless, by Herself (John Murray, 1928), pp. 176–77 (Diary: 10 February 1909).
115. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 676. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 512.
116. Reid, Ask Sir James, pp. 237–38.
117. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3206, Margot Asquith Diary, 1 April 1909.
118. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 256–58.
119. B to Charles Hardinge, 28 March 1909, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 513.
1. B’s comment on Asquith’s letter of 19 December 1908, 20 December 1908, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 678.
2. RA VIC/Add C07/2/K, Lord Knollys to B, 18 December 1908.
3. Winston Churchill, Great Contemporaries (Thornton Butterworth, 1937), p. 137.
4. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 421.
5. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3206, Margot Asquith Diary, 15 November 1909.
6. Cameron Hazlehurst, “Asquith as Prime Minister,” English Historical Review, vol. 85 (1970), p. 508.
7. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 678.
8. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 260–61.
9. Ibid., pp. 262–63.
10. RA VIC/R30/7, Frederick Ponsonby to H. H. Asquith, 1 May 1909.
11. RA VIC/X35/506, W. E. Grey to Frederick Ponsonby, 9 May 1909.
12. Daisy Pless to Kaiser William [June 1910], in Daisy, Princess of Pless, p. 185.
13. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 252–53.
14. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 387.
15. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 252–54, 263–64, 267, 278–79. Rose, George V, p. 319.
16. Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 379.
17. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 256, 268. Rhodes James, Chips, p. 241.
18. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 272–73.
19. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Lord Knollys to Charles Carrington, 10 July 1909.
20. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 9–1975, Diary (5 March 1909).
21. Phillips, Last Edwardians, pp. 20–21.
22. RA VIC/W66/88, Lewis Harcourt to Lord Knollys, 25 July 1909. RA VIC/W66/89, Knollys to Harcourt, 26 July 1909. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 665–66.
23. Lord Knollys to Lord Crewe, 1 August 1909, in Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 430–31.
24. RA VIC/W55/50, Edward Grey to Lord Knollys, 25 July 1909.
25. H. H. Asquith to David Lloyd George, 3 August 1909, in John Grigg, LG: The People’s Champion (Methuen, 1991), pp. 208–9. The Times, 3 August 1909.
26. See Grigg, People’s Champion, pp. 209–11, for the exchange of letters between B and David Lloyd George.
27. Rhodes James, Chips, pp. 234–35.
28. Esher’s Journal, 8 September 1909, in Lees-Milne, Esher, p. 197.
29. Camp, Royal Mistresses, p. 377. Hibbert, Edward VII, pp. 244–45. McKinstry, Rosebery, pp. 487–88. Winston Churchill to his wife, 25 June 1911, in Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Young Statesman, pp. 356–57.
30. Muntz, Edward VII at Marienbad, pp. 238–40.
31. Esher’s Journal, 8 September 1909, in Lees-Milne, Esher, p. 197.
32. Randolph Churchill, Churchill: Young Statesman, pp. 326–27.
33. Esher’s Journal, 8 September 1909, in Lees-Milne, Esher, pp. 197–98.
34. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, 2/11, Journal, 24 July 1908.
35. RA VIC/X5/12a, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 11 February 1909.
36. RA VIC/Add C07/1/9, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 13 October 1909.
37. RA VIC/X5/12a, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 11 February 1909.
38. The Times, 11 September 1909.
39. Winston Churchill to his wife, 12 September 1909, in Randolph Churchill, Churchill, Young Statesman, p. 327.
40. B to Lord Esher, 10 September 1909, in Lees-Milne, Esher, p. 198.
41. RA VIC/Add C07/1/9, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 26 September 1909.
42. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 411 (4 October 1909).
43. Moscow: State Archive of the Russian Federation, Fond 1126—op 1—delo 152, Count Benckendorff to his wife, 16–29 September 1909. For this reference, I am indebted to Marina Vorobieva.
44. Moscow: State Archive of the Russian Federation, Fond 1126—op 1—delo 152, Count Benckendorff to his wife, 23 September–6 October 1909.
45. Asquith’s Memo of Conversation with King, 6 October 1909, in Spender and Asquith, Life, vol. 1, p. 257.
46. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3206, Margot Asquith Diary, H. H. Asquith to Margot Asquith, 30 September 1909.
47. H. H. Asquith to David Lloyd George, 7 October 1909, in Grigg, People’s Champion, p. 221.
48. RA GV/AA25/65, B to George, 13 October 1909.
49. Ibid. RA VIC/EVIID/1909: 12 October.
50. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 15 October 1909.
51. RA VIC/Add C07/1/9, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 13 October 1909.
52. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3206, Margot Asquith Diary, 15 November 1909.
53. Knutsford, In Black and White, p. 230.
54. Rose, George V, pp. 293–94.
55. Knutsford, In Black and White, pp. 234–37.
56. Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 437–38.
57. Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 389.
58. Knutsford, In Black and White, p. 245.
59. Ibid., p. 246.
60. Daisy, Princess of Pless, pp. 187, 201.
61. See James Lees-Milne, Deep Romantic Chasm: Diaries 1979–81, ed. Michael Bloch (John Murray, 2000), p. 205.
62. Knutsford, In Black and White, pp. 250–51.
63. Watson, King Edward as Sportsman, p. 219.
64. Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 1 December 1909, in Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, pp. 423–25.
65. Lord Knollys to Lord Esher, 2 December 1909, in Heffer, Power, p. 285.
66. Ibid.
67. Memo by Vaughan Nash, 15 December 1909 in Spender and Asquith, Life, vol. 1, pp. 261–62.
68. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 441. See Vernon Bogdanor, The Monarchy and the Constitution (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), pp. 113–15; Hardie, Political Influence of the British Monarchy, p. 112.
69. Stamper, What I Know, p. 321.
70. Daisy, Princess of Pless, p. 202.
71. Ibid., pp. 203–4.
72. RA VIC/Add A5/475, B to Mrs. Keppel, 1 January 1910.
73. Elizabeth Countess of Fingall, Seventy Years Young (Collins, 1937), p. 296.
74. Ibid., pp. 298, 303. Rhodes James, Chips, pp. 21, 347.
75. Bodleian Library, Lincolnshire Papers, MS Film 1121, Carrington Diary, 3, 4 January 1910.
76. Fingall, Seventy Years Young, p. 298.
77. Ibid., pp. 298, 305–6.
78. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 300–301.
79. Vincent, Crawford Papers, p. 570.
80. Hibbert, Edward VII, p. 285.
81. RA VIC/EVIID/1910: 14 January.
82. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, pp. 435–36 (Journal, 9 January 1910).
83. Lord Esher to his son, 23 January 1910, in Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 439.
84. Lord Esher to his son, 25 January 1910, in Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 442.
85. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3208, Margot Asquith Diary, 1 February 1910.
86. RA VIC/W66/112, Margot Asquith to Lord Knollys, 2 February 1910.
87. RA VIC/W66/113, Margot Asquith to Lord Knollys, n.d.
88. RA VIC/W66/114, Lord Knollys to Margot Asquith, 4 February 1910.
89. Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 33.
90. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3208, Margot Asquith Diary, 17 February 1910.
91. RA VIC/R30/84, B’s Note on Vaughan Nash to Lord Knollys, 12 January 1910.
92. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3208, Margot Asquith Diary, 15 February 1910.
93. Redesdale, King Edward VII: A Memory, p. 33. RA VIC/EDVIID/1910: 17 February.
94. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 702.
1. The Times, 7 March 1910.
2. RA GV/AA25/70, B to George, 16 March 1910.
3. Physicians’ Report, The Times, 12 May 1910.
4. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MSS 56087A, fols. 1–3, George Saunders to Sidney Lee, 22 November 1911. The Times, 8 March 1910.
5. Leslie, Edwardians in Love, p. 337. RA VIC/EVIID/1910: 8 March.
6. RA VIC/EVIID/1910: 11 March.
7. Mrs. Keppel to the Marquis de Soveral, n.d., in Brook-Shepherd, Uncle of Europe, p. 350.
8. The Times, 15 March 1910.
9. RA VIC/EVIID/1910: 14–18 March.
10. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 239.
11. The Times, 12 May 1910.
12. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 239.
13. RA GV/AA25/71, B to George, 22 March 1910.
14. RA GV/GG9/33, Arthur Davidson to Dighton Probyn, 3 August 1912. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 239.
15. RA GV/CC42/79, Alix to Princess of Wales, 26 November 1910.
16. “I am afraid he must have been very bad, much worse than we in England had any idea of”: Reid Papers, Arthur Bigge to James Reid, 22 March 1910.
17. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 332, 334.
18. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 267.
19. RA GV/GG9/189, Arthur Davidson to Dighton Probyn, 5 December 1912.
20. RA VIC/EVIID/1910: 20 March, 4 April.
21. RA GV/GG9/189, Arthur Davidson to Dighton Probyn, 5 December 1912.
22. RA GV/AA25/72, B to George, 29 March 1910.
23. RA VIC/Add C07/2/H, B to Lord Knollys, 26 March 1910. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 335, 340–41.
24. RA VIC/Add C07/2/H, B to Lord Knollys, 9 April 1910. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 344–45.
25. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 268.
26. RA VIC/Add C07/2/H, B to Lord Knollys, 9 April 1910.
27. Lord Esher to B, 10 April 1910, in Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, pp. 433–35.
28. RA VIC/Add C07/1/9, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 10 April 1910.
29. H. H. Asquith to B, 13 April 1910, in Magnus, Edward VII, pp. 451–52.
30. RA VIC/X11/29, B to H. H. Asquith (draft), 16 April 1910. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 706.
31. RA VIC/Add C07/2/H, B to Lord Knollys, 16 April 1912.
32. Hansard, 14 April 1910, vol. 16, cols. 1547–51.
33. RA VIC/Add C07/2/H, B to Lord Knollys, 16 April 1910.
34. Colin Matthew, “Herbert Henry Asquith,” ODNB. G. H. L. Le May, The Victorian Constitution (Duckworth, 1979), pp. 198–99.
35. Lord Knollys to Lord Esher, 17 April 1910, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 453.
36. RA VIC/Add C07/2/H, B to Lord Knollys, 23 April 1910.
37. Stamper, What I Know, pp. 350–51.
38. Ibid., pp. 351. Kenny, Crown and Shamrock, pp. 107–8.
39. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 709.
40. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 267.
41. RA VIC Add C07/2/H, B to Lord Knollys, 23 April 1910. RA VIC/Add C07/2/H, Prince of Wales to Knollys, 24 April 1910. RA VIC/EVIID/1910: 27 April. The Times, 28 April 1910.
42. Esher’s memorandum of a Conference at Lambeth, 27 April 1910, in Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, pp. 456–59.
43. Bogdanor, Monarchy and the Constitution, pp. 115–19.
44. RA VIC/Add C07/2/H, B to Lord Knollys, 23 April 1910. H. H. Asquith to Margot Asquith, 28 April 1910, in Asquith, Autobiography, vol. 2, p. 135.
45. The Times, 6 May 1910.
46. Redesdale, “King Edward VII: A Memory,” p. 34.
47. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, 2/12, Journal, 7 May 1910.
48. The Times, 6 May 1910.
49. RA VIC/EVIID/1910: 30 April. The Times, 12 May 1910. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 268.
50. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 268.
51. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 240.
52. Ibid.
53. Esher’s Memorandum, 3 May 1910, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 713. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 268.
54. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 268.
55. Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 409.
56. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 409. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 715. Redesdale, “King Edward VII: A Memory,” p. 35.
57. Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, Schomberg McDonnell Papers, D/4091/A/6/1, “Schomberg McDonnell’s Journal of Death and Funeral of King Edward VII,” May 1910, p. 11.
58. George to Alix, 4 May 1910, in Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 270.
59. RA VIC/EVIID/1910: 4 May.
60. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 269.
61. Ibid. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 241.
62. Asquith, Autobiography, vol. 2, p. 137.
63. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 241.
64. Quoted in Longford, Louisa, p. 203.
65. The Times, 6 May 1910.
66. Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 2, p. 402.
67. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 241. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3208, Margot Asquith Diary, 6 May 1910.
68. Ernest Cassel to Mrs. Wilfrid Ashley, 6 May 1910, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 716–17.
69. Souhami, Mrs. Keppel, p. 91.
70. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3208, Margot Asquith Diary, 6 May 1910.
71. Leslie, Edwardians in Love, p. 338.
72. RA VIC/Add A5/471, B to Mrs. Keppel, May 1901 [sic]. Why Bertie should have written this letter in 1901, rather than 1902, when he was ill, is unclear. Royal Librarian Robin Mackworth-Young annotated: “He must have felt very out of sorts to feel it necessary to write it but there is no record of any grave illness at this time.”
73. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, 2/12, Journal, 12 June 1910. Sir Francis Laking, who was one of the doctors in attendance, told Skittles that the King said to the Queen, “You must kiss Alice,” and Alix obeyed. (Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 11–1975, Diary, 14 December 1910.)
74. Rhodes James, Chips, p. 32.
76. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, 2/12, Journal, 12 June 1910.
77. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 11–1975, Diary, 14 December 1910.
78. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 717.
79. Vincent, Crawford Papers, p. 153 (9 May 1910). Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 599.
80. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, 2/12, Journal, 7 May 1910.
81. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Shane Leslie to Magnus, 24 August 1961. Shane Leslie is a key source for this story, which has also been handed down in Father Forster’s family, and still lingers today. See Mary Kenny, The Irish Catholic, 24 September 2009.
82. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Shane Leslie to Magnus, 19 July 1961.
83. Philip Magnus heard a story from Evelyn Waugh that King Edward underwent a deathbed conversion to Roman Catholicism. (Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Philip Magnus to Lady Magnus, 6 February 1962.) A search by Magnus in the archives of the Archbishop of Westminster yielded nothing, and Magnus does not mention the story in his biography. (Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, David Norris, Private Secretary to Archbishop of Westminster, 14 July 1961.)
84. Bell, Davidson, p. 608. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, 2/12, Journal, 7 May 1910.
85. Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 599.
86. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3208, Margot Asquith Diary, 6 May 1910.
87. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3208, Margot Asquith Diary, 7 May 1910.
88. The Times, 10 May 1910.
89. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 10–1975, Diary, 6 May, 13 May 1910.
90. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 10–1975, Diary, 15 August 1910.
91. The Times, 12 May 1910. Before leaving for Biarritz, the King complained to Daisy Warwick about the effect of the injections against influenza he was being given. (Life’s Ebb and Flow, p. 158.)
92. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 11–1975, Diary, 13 May, 16 June 1910.
93. Vincent, Crawford Papers, p. 154 (10 May 1910).
94. Ibid., p. 153 (9 May 1910). See George Dangerfield, The Strange Death of Liberal England (New York: Perigree, 1980), pp. 5–6.
95. A Liberal Chronicle: Journals and Papers of J. A. Pease, ed. Cameron Hazlehurst and Christine Woodland (Historians’ Press, 1994), p. 176 (10 May 1910).
96. The Times, 10 May 1910 (British Medical Journal extract). The Times, 12 May 1910 (Physicians’ Report).
97. Felix Semon and Francis Laking to Lord Knollys, 23 February 1907, in Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, pp. 685–86.
98. Felix Semon to Lord Knollys, 7 May 1910, in St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 475.
99. The Times, 13 May 1910.
100. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, p. 271.
101. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, 2/12, Journal, 10 May 1910.
102. McKinstry, Rosebery, p. 496.
103. Keppel, Edwardian Daughter, p. 53.
104. Allfrey, Jewish Court, p. 247. Souhami, Mrs. Keppel, p. 92.
105. Fitzwilliam, Wilfrid Blunt Papers, MS 10–1975, Diary, 13 May 1910.
106. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 243.
107. Mrs. Keppel to Lady Knollys, n.d., in Souhami, Mrs. Keppel, p. 96.
108. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, 2/12, Journal, 12 June 1910. For the house in Grosvenor Street, see Osbert Lancaster, Great Morning (Reprint Society, 1949), pp. 216–17.
109. McKinstry, Rosebery, p. 496.
110. Admiral John Fisher to Reginald McKenna, 14 May 1910, in Marder, Fear God and Dread Nought, vol. 2 p. 325.
111. Queen Alexandra’s Message, The Times, 23 May 1910. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, pp. 272–73.
112. Reid, Ask Sir James, p. 242.
113. St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 475, quoting Alix’s remarks to Theodore Roosevelt.
114. Diary of George V, 11 May 1910, in Kuhn, Democratic Royalism, p. 101.
115. The Times, 14 May, 16 May 1910.
116. PRO Northern Ireland, D/4091/A/6/1, Schomberg McDonnell’s journal, “Edward VII,” May 1910, p. 13.
117. The Times, 17 May 1910.
118. Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 614.
119. The Times, 13 May 1910.
120. Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 615. The Times, 18 May 1910.
121. RA GV/CC25/59, Queen Mary to Augusta Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 22 May 1910.
122. Carrington Diary, 17 May 1910, in Hibbert, Edward VII, pp. 312–13.
123. Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 620.
124. Lord Esher to Schomberg McDonnell, 9 May 1910, in Kuhn, Democratic Royalism, p. 103.
125. Schomberg McDonnell to Arthur Bigge, 10, 11 May 1910, in ibid., p. 104.
126. John Wolffe, Great Deaths (British Academy, 2000), p. 252.
127. PRO Northern Ireland, D/4091/A/6/1, Schomberg McDonnell’s journal, “Edward VII,” May 1910, p. 26.
128. Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 625.
129. PRO Northern Ireland, D/4091/A/6/1, Schomberg McDonnell’s journal, “Edward VII,” May 1910, p. 26.
130. Carrington Diary, 18 May 1910, in Hibbert, Edward VII, p. 313.
131. Ibid.
132. PRO Northern Ireland, D/4091/A/6/1, Schomberg McDonnell’s journal, “Edward VII,” May 1910, pp. 35–36.
133. Carrington Diary, 18 May 1910, in Hibbert, Edward VII, p. 313.
134. PRO Northern Ireland, D/4091/A/6/1, Schomberg McDonnell’s journal, “Edward VII,” May 1910, pp. 39–41.
135. PRO Northern Ireland, D/4091/A/6/1, Schomberg McDonnell’s journal, “Edward VII,” May 1910, pp. 42–3.
136. Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 625. Kuhn, Democratic Royalism, p. 105. There was no official count of attendance, and estimates vary. See Wolffe, Great Deaths, pp. 252–53.
137. Vincent, Crawford Papers, p. 155 (19 May 1910).
138. The Times, 13 May 1910.
139. Arthur Davidson to Arthur Bigge, 7 May 1910, in Kuhn, Democratic Royalism, p. 101.
140. Asquith, Autobiography, vol. 2, p. 140.
141. Ibid.
142. Ibid., vol. 2, p. 141.
143. St. Aubyn, Edward VII, p. 477.
144. The Times, 21 May 1910. Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 628.
145. Vincent, Crawford Papers, p. 156 (20 May 1910).
146. The Times, 21 May 1910.
147. Vincent, Crawford Papers, pp. 155–56 (20 May 1910).
148. Ibid.
149. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MS 56087A, fols. 1–3, George Saunders to Sidney Lee, 22 November 1911.
150. Leslie, Edwardians in Love, p. 340.
151. PRO Northern Ireland, D/4091/A/6/1, Schomberg McDonnell’s journal, “Edward VII,” May 1910, p. 27. See Wolffe, Great Deaths, pp. 247–48, for a more positive assessment of Norfolk’s role.
152. Asquith, Autobiography, vol. 2, p. 142. Kuhn, Democratic Royalism, p. 129.
153. Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 142.
154. PRO Northern Ireland, D/4091/A/6/1, Schomberg McDonnell’s journal, “Edward VII,” May 1910, p. 47.
155. Holmes, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 644. The Times, 23 May 1910.
156. Pope-Hennessy, Queen Mary, p. 422.
157. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3208, Margot Asquith Diary, 20 May 1910.
158. Asquith, Autobiography, vol. 2, p. 143.
1. Owen Morshead, quoted in Lees-Milne, Harold Nicolson, vol. 2, p. 230.
2. Bodleian Library, MS Eng. d. 3206, Margot Asquith Diary, 20 June 1908.
3. Strachey’s review of Sidney Lee’s Edward VII in Daily Mail, 11 October 1927, cited in Hardie, Political Influence of the British Monarchy, p. 115.
4. Logan Pearsall Smith, Afterthoughts (Cassell, 1931), p. 34. Rose, George V, p. 303.
5. McLean, Royalty and Diplomacy, p. 138.
6. Cannadine, “The Last Hanoverian Sovereign?,” pp. 156–57. Peter Clarke, Hope and Glory: Britain 1900–1990 (Penguin Books, 1997), pp. 34, 36.
7. Heffer, Power, pp. 2–3, 304.
8. I am indebted to Bogdanor, Monarchy and the Constitution, pp. 32–41.
9. Lord Fisher, Memories (Hodder and Stoughton, 1919), p. 3.
10. Esher quoted in Hibbert, Edward VII, p. 205.
11. RA GV/GG9/76, Arthur Davidson to Dighton Probyn, 15 September 1912. RA GV/GG9/82, Davidson to Probyn, 4 October 1912.
12. Alexander Mikhailovich, Grand Duke of Russia, Always a Grand Duke (Royalty Digest, 1995), pp. 202–3.
13. Battiscombe, Queen Alexandra, p. 274.
14. Quoted in Leslie, Edwardians in Love.
15. Rose, George V, p. 291.
16. Author interview, Mrs. Maud Hutton-Attenborough, née Ponsonby, 8 March 2004.
17. T. E. Lawrence, The Mint (Cape, 1973).
18. RA VIC/Add A21/159, Alix to Bertie, Duke of York, 15 March 1921.
1. RA VIC/Z505/11, QV to Alice, 12 January 1875.
2. Ponsonby, Three Reigns, pp. 67–70.
3. RA VIC/Add C07/2/S, Fleetwood Edwards to Lord Knollys, 24 February 1901.
4. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Robin Mackworth-Young to Philip Magnus, 5 July 1963. See Dennison, Last Princess, pp. 216–23.
5. Theodore Martin, Queen Victoria as I Knew Her (William Blackwood, 1908), pp. 143–46.
6. RA VIC/W41/2, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 14 October 1907.
7. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, ESHR/11/3, Lord Knollys to Lord Esher, 21 December 1903.
8. Benson Diary, 20 November 1903, in Ward, “Editing Queen Victoria,” p. 305.
9. RA VIC/W39/41, B’s note on Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 3 April 1904.
10. Benson Diary, 17, 23 May, 25 June 1904, in Ward, “Editing Queen Victoria,” pp. 149–50, 190.
11. See ibid., pp. 294–96.
12. RA VIC/Add C07/1/9, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 17 August 1905.
13. Ward, “Editing Queen Victoria,” p. 264.
14. Lord Knollys to Lord Esher, 25 August 1906, in ibid., p. 267.
15. Ibid., p. 285.
16. Ibid., p. 322.
17. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, ESHR/11/3, Arthur Bigge to Lord Esher, 22 August 1906.
18. RA VIC/W41/37, B’s note, 28 March 1908. RA VIC/W41/36, Lord Esher to B, 23 March 1908.
19. Robin Mackworth-Young, “The Royal Archives, Windsor Castle,” Archives, vol. 13 (1978), p. 120.
20. RA GV/GG9/439, Lord Esher to Frederick Ponsonby, 19 April 1914.
21. Fitzroy, Memoirs, vol. 1, pp. 166–67 (16 November 1903).
22. RA VIC/W64/8, B’s note, 23 November 1904.
23. RA VIC/W41/5, Lord Knollys to Lord Rothschild, 28 October 1907.
24. RA VIC/X33/336, Lord Rothschild to Lord Knollys, 31 October 1907.
25. RA VIC/X33/337, Lord Esher to Lord Knollys, 1 November 1907.
26. Mackworth-Young, “Royal Archives,” p. 122.
27. Brett, Journals and Letters, vol. 2, p. 256 (16 November 1907). Mackworth-Young, “Royal Archives,” p. 123. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 462.
28. Reid, Ask Sir James, pp. 227–28.
29. RA VIC/Add C07/2/P, B to Lord Minto, 17 March 1909 (copy).
30. Magnus, Edward VII, p. 461.
31. Rose, George V, pp. 140–41.
32. Lord Knollys to George, 14 February 1913, in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 461.
33. Ibid.
34. RA GV/GG9/76, Arthur Davidson to Dighton Probyn, 15 September 1912.
35. RA GV/GG9/476, Frederick Ponsonby to Arthur Davidson, 12 May 1914. RA GV/GG9/527, Ponsonby to Davidson, 16 July 1914.
36. Eckardstein quoted in Mackworth-Young, “Royal Archives,” p. 124.
37. Cited in Magnus, Edward VII, p. 462.
38. Carolyn W. White, “The Biographer and Edward VII: Sir Sidney Lee and the Embarrassments of Royal Biography,” Victorian Studies, vol. 27 (1984), pp. 301–19.
39. “Edward VII,” Dictionary of National Biography: Supplement 1901–1911 (Smith, Elder, 1912), pp. 606–7.
40. RA GV/GG9/58, Arthur Davidson to Alix, 10 September 1912. RA GV/GG9/76, Davidson to Dighton Probyn, 15 September 1912.
41. RA GV/GG9/27, Lord Esher to Arthur Davidson, 28 July 1912.
42. RA GV/GG9/58, Arthur Davidson to Alix, 10 September 1912.
43. RA GV/GG9/39b, Arthur Davidson to Lord Knollys, 23 August 1912.
44. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Owen Morshead to Philip Magnus, 7 April 1964.
45. RA GV/GG9/64, Dighton Probyn to Lord Knollys, 13 September 1912.
46. Churchill Archives Centre, Esher Papers, ESHR/6/4, Alix to Lord Esher, 29 September 1912.
47. RA GV/GG9/82, Arthur Davidson to Dighton Probyn, 4 October 1912.
48. RA GV/GG9/114, Alix to Dighton Probyn, telegram, 22 October 1912.
49. RA GV/GG9/140, Alix to Dighton Probyn, 25 October 1912.
50. RA GV/GG9/175a, Davidson to Dighton Probyn, 16 November 1912.
51. RA GV/GG9/165, Frederick Ponsonby to Arthur Davidson, 8 November 1912.
52. RA GV/GG9/172A, Arthur Davidson to Lord Knollys, 12 November 1912. RA GV/GG9/171, H. H. Asquith to Arthur Davidson, 11 November 1912.
53. RA GV/GG9/139, Davidson’s Note, 25 October 1912.
54. BL, Balfour Papers, Add MS 49685, fols. 147–53, Short to Davidson, 4 November 1912. I am indebted to Professor R. J. Q. Adams for this reference.
55. RA GV/GG9/183, Arthur Davidson to Dighton Probyn, 3 December 1912.
56. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MSS 56087A, Lee’s Notes of Conversation with Balfour, 24 November 1911.
57. RA GV/GG9/183, Arthur Davidson to Dighton Probyn, 3 December 1912.
58. RA GV/GG9/184, Frederick Ponsonby to Arthur Davidson, 4 December 1912.
59. RA GV/GG9/338, Arthur Balfour to Arthur Davidson, 13 December 1913.
60. RA GV/GG9/183, Arthur Davidson to Frederick Ponsonby, 3 December 1912.
61. DNB: Supplement, p. 603.
62. RA GV/GG9/183, Arthur Davidson to Frederick Ponsonby, 3 December 1912.
63. RA GV/GG9/253, Davidson’s Note on Interview with Morley and Lee, 1 July 1913. RA GV/GG9/258, Arthur Davidson to Lord Knollys, 4 July 1913.
64. RA GV/GG9/258, Arthur Davidson to Lord Knollys, 4 July 1913.
65. White, “The Biographer,” p. 312.
66. RA GV/GG9/447, Sidney Lee to Lord Knollys, 12 July 1913. RA GV/GG9/447, Lee to Ponsonby, 11 May 1914.
67. RA GV/GG9/429, Frederick Ponsonby to Arthur Davidson, 7 April 1914.
68. RA GV/GG9/512, Frederick Ponsonby to Arthur Davidson, 15 June 1914.
69. BL, Balfour Papers, Add MS 49685, Frederick Ponsonby to J. S. Sandars, 1 August 1914.
70. Ibid.
71. RA GV/GG9/516, Frederick Ponsonby to Arthur Davidson, 20 June 1914. RA GV/GG9/518, Arthur Davidson to Frederick Ponsonby, 20 June 1914.
72. RA GV/GG9/465, Arthur Davidson to Frederick Ponsonby, 5 May 1914.
73. RA GV/GG9/539, Note by Davidson, 8 October 1914.
74. See Theo Lang, My Darling Daisy (Michael Joseph, 1966). Blunden, Countess of Warwick, pp. 236–44.
75. RA PS/GV/O/479B/4, Blanche Gordon-Lennox to Lord Stamfordham, 2 July 1914.
76. RA GV/GG9/527, Frederick Ponsonby to Arthur Davidson, 16 July 1914.
77. RA PS/GV/O/479B/23, Memo by Charles Russell for Stamfordham, 21 July 1914.
78. RA PS/GV/O/479B/36, Charles Russell’s Report, 30 July 1914.
79. H. H. Asquith to Venetia Stanley, 13 February 1915, in H. H. Asquith: Letters to Venetia Stanley, ed. Michael and Eleanor Brock (Oxford University Press, 1982), pp. 428–29.
80. RA PS/GV/O/479B/48, Charles Russell to Lord Stamfordham, 2 March 1915.
81. RA PS/GV/O/479B/52, Stamfordham’s Note, 17 June 1915. RA PS/GV/O/479B/55, Stamfordham’s Note, n.d. [c. 29 June 1915].
82. RA PS/GV/O/479B/54, Affidavit by Lady Warwick [1915]. See RA PS/GV/O/479B/53, Lady Warwick to Lord Stamfordham, 23 June 1915.
83. RA PS/GV/O/479B/61, Alice Keppel to Frederick Ponsonby, n.d. [1921].
84. Lang, My Darling Daisy, p. 186.
85. RA PS/GV/O/479B/63, Lord Stamfordham to George, 5 January 1921. RA GV/O/479B/48A, Lady Warwick to solicitors Langton and Passmore, 26 February 1915.
86. Lees-Milne, Esher, p. 347.
87. RA PS/GV/O/479B/71, Stamfordham’s Note for George V, 8 December 1927.
88. RA GV/GG9/552, Arthur Davidson to Frederick Ponsonby, 29 April 1920.
89. RA GV/GG9/556, Frederick Ponsonby to Arthur Davidson, 16 July 1920. RA GV/GG9/570, Arthur Davidson to Frederick Ponsonby, 1 August 1920.
90. Robert Faber and Brian Harrison, “The Dictionary of National Biography: A Publishing History,” in Lives in Print, ed. Robin Myers, Michael Harris and Giles Mandelbrote (Oak Knoll Press and BL, 2002), pp. 174–75.
91. RA GV/GG9/514, Arthur Davidson to Frederick Ponsonby, 16 June 1914.
92. RA GV/GG9/492, Admiral John Fisher to Frederick Ponsonby, n.d. [May 1914].
93. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MSS 56087A, fol. 121, Frederick Ponsonby to Sidney Lee, 5 September 1920.
94. RA GV/GG9/868, Arthur Davidson to Frederick Ponsonby, 16 May 1922.
95. RA GV/GG9/568, John Fortescue to Frederick Ponsonby, 24 July 1920.
96. RA GV/GG9/623, Arthur Davidson to Sidney Lee, 9 November 1920.
97. RA GV/GG9/629, Arthur Davidson to Frederick Ponsonby, 12 November 1920.
98. RA GV/GG9/707, Charles Hardinge to Lord Stamfordham, 20 January 1921.
99. RA GV/GG9/909, Lord Stamfordham to Frederick Ponsonby, 29 November 1922.
100. RA GV/GG9/631, Frederick Ponsonby to Arthur Davidson, 13 November 1920.
101. RA GV/GG9/913, Frederick Ponsonby to Lord Rosebery, 15 December 1922. RA GV/GG9/924, Ponsonby to Lee, 19 December 1922. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 1, pp. 216–17.
102. RA GV/GG9/1032, Frederick Ponsonby to H. H. Asquith, 18 November 1924.
103. RA GV/GG9/1062 [Stamfordham’s Memo for Ponsonby], 11 April [1925].
104. BL, Sidney Lee Papers, Add MSS 56087A, fol. 114, Lytton Strachey to Sidney Lee, 31 December 1918.
105. RA GV/GG9/1048, Ponsonby’s memo to Stamfordham, 16 February 1925. RA GV/ GG9/1049, Stamfordham’s memo to Ponsonby, 16 February 1925. Here Stamfordham says: “Would it not be unusual for a personal presentation. It would be a pity to associate the King too much with the work, especially as, unless I am mistaken, a predominant note in it will be, disparagement of Queen Victoria.”
106. RA GV/GG9/1170, Lionel Cust to Frederick Ponsonby, 3 November 1927.
107. RA GV/GG9/833, Frederick Ponsonby to Arthur Davidson, 8 September 1921. White, “The Biographer,” p. 315.
108. RA GV/GG9/1091, Frederick Macmillan to Frederick Ponsonby, 23 February 1926.
109. RA GV/GG9/1170, Lionel Cust to Frederick Ponsonby, 3 November 1927. White, “The Biographer,” p. 115.
110. Lee, Edward VII, vol. 2, p. 408.
111. David Cannadine, “From Biography to History: Writing the Modern British Monarchy,” Historical Research, vol. 77 (2004), p. 295.
112. King’s Counsellor: The Diaries of Sir Alan Lascelles, ed. Duff Hart-Davis (Phoenix, 2007), pp. 72–73.
113. Wheeler-Bennett quoted in Cannadine, “From Biography to History,” p. 296.
114. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Robin Mackworth-Young to Philip Magnus, 6 April 1960, and 7 December 1960.
115. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Robin Mackworth-Young to Philip Magnus, 10 September 1958, 27 May 1960, and 10 October 1961.
116. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Robert Blake to Philip Magnus, 20 May 1962 and 27 August 1962.
117. Colin Matthew, “Philip Magnus,” ODNB. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Hugh Trevor-Roper to Philip Magnus, 21 November 1960 and 30 March 1961.
118. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Philip Magnus to his mother, Mrs. Magnus, 3 May 1959.
119. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Mrs. Magnus to Philip Magnus, 28 November 1960.
120. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Elliott B. Macrae to Philip Magnus, 17 February 1960.
121. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Mrs. Magnus to Philip Magnus, 29 August 1960.
122. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Mrs. Magnus to Philip Magnus, 18 November 1961.
123. Charles Sebag-Montefiore Archive, Philip Magnus Papers, Philip Magnus to Mrs. Magnus, 24 August 1962.
124. The Observer, 15 March 1964.