ENDNOTES
INTRODUCTION. THE MANNER OF THE CURE
1. Hesiod, Works and Days, ll. 90–105 (trans. Evelyn-White).
2. Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, bk. 8 (trans. Whiston).
3. Migne, Patrologia graeca, vol. 122, col. 1316ff.
4. Gaster, Les plus anciens contes de l’ humanité, 182.
5. Delatte, Herbarius, 157–58.
6. St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, MS 1395.
7. Lecouteux, Dictionary of Ancient Magic Words and Spells, 358.
8. Jam noli peccare, ne deterius tibi aliquid contingat.
9. Ecclesiasticus = Sirach, 38:1–2, 9.
Honora medicum propter necessitate;
Etenim illum creavit Altissimus.
A Deo est enim omnis medela [. . .]
Fili, in tua infirmitate ne despicias te ipsum ;
sed ora Dominum, et ipse curabit te.
10. Matthew 9:8–9, 9:20–22, 9:27–30; Luke 4:39, 5:12–13, 5:18–25, 9:37–43.
11. Augustine, On Christian Doctrine, bk. 2, chap. 30 (trans. Shaw).
12. Capitula ex orientalium Patrum synodis, canon 74, in Martini episcopi Bracarensis opera omnia.
13. Cf. the Lex Visigothorum, XI, 2, 2, in Zeumer, ed., Leges Visigothorum (MGH, LL nat. Germ. 1), 403.
14. Concilium Turonense, Canon 42, in MGH Conc. 2, 1, 292.
15. Caspari, Eine Augustin fälschlich beigelegte Homila de sacrilegiis, 39–40.
16. Admonitio generalis, in MGH LL Capit. 1, 55.
17. Cf. especially Paulus Grillandus, Tractatus de hereticis et sortiliegijs, fol. 60r ff.
18. Cf. the list of healing saints provided in Haver, Nederlanse Incantatie-literatuur, 485–86.
19. Lévi-Strauss, The Savage Mind, 221.
20. Merceron, “Une démarche médico-magique de la religion populaire,” 70.
21. Decretum, fol. 193v.
22. Thomas is referring to the Decretum Gratiani (twelfth century), II, causa 26, quaestio 5, c 3: Nec in collectionibus herbarum, que medicinales sunt, aliquas obseruationes aut incantationes liceat attendere, nisi tantum cum symbolo diuino, aut oratione dominica, ut tantum Deus creator omnium et Dominus honoretur.
23. Aquinas, Summa Theologica, II, II, 96, 4 (trans. from Benziger Brothers edition).
24. Ibid., II, II, 96, 2 (trans. from Benziger Brothers edition).
25. Malleus maleficarum, II, 2, 6 (edition of 1496), fol. 86r, 87r.
26. Grillandus, Tractatus, fol. 57r–v.
27. Ibid., fol. 15r.
28. Book printed in the Theatrum Diabolorum, chap. 29, §5, 57r, and chap. 37, 83v–84r.
29. Luke 9:42.
30. Luke 4:39.
31. “Quando Christus natus est, / omnis dolor passus est,” in Theodori Prisciani Euporiston libri III, 303.
32. Vair, Trois livres des charmes, sorcelages, ov enchantemens, I, 5, p. 53.
33. Weyer, De praestigiis daemonum et incantationibus ac ueneficijs libri sex, V, 2, pp. 448–49.
34. Ibid., V, 4, pp. 454, 457 (trans. Shea)
35. Ibid., V, 8, p. 474 (trans. Shea).
36. Vair, Trois livres des charmes, p. 314.
37. Grillandus, Tractatus de hereticis, fol. 27r–v.
38. Weyer,De praestigiis daemonum, V, 7, p. 472 (trans. Shea from Witches, Devils, and Doctors in the Renaissance, 386–87).
39. Delrio, Disquisitionum magicarum libri sex, VI, 3.
40. Ibid., I, 3, q. 4.
41. Cf. Wickersheimer, “Figures médico-astrologiques des IXe, Xe et XIe siècles,” 164–65.
42. Bouché-Leclercq, L’Astrologie grecque, 319.
43. Bernard de Gordon, Lilium medicinae, V, 6; Vair, Trois livres des charmes, I, 6, p. 60.
44. Cited in Cabanès and Barraud, Remèdes de bonne femme, 137–38.
45. Wickersheimer,La médecine et les médecins en France a l’époque de la Renaissance, 535.
46. Vair, Trois livres des charmes, I, 6, pp. 59–60.
47. Porta, Phytognomonica, chap. 2.
48. Fernel, De abditis rerum causis libri dvo, 244ff. Partially included in Thiers, Traité des superstitions selon l’Écriture sainte, 332–33.
49. Mizauld, Memorabilium, utilium ac iucundorum centuriae novem, VI, 38.
50. Bernardino of Siena, Sermo 1; cited in Thiers, Traité des superstitions qui regardent les sacrements selon l’Écriture sainte, xiii.
51. Thiers, Traité des superstitions, 332.
52. “Maleficium cum ligaturis,” Lex Salica, emendata 24, in MGH, LL nat. Germ. 4, 2, 66.
53. Mansi, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, vol. 10, col. 1200.
54. Cf. Lecouteux, “Les maîtres du temps: Tempestaires, obligateurs, défenseurs et autres.”
55. Agobard of Lyon, De grandine et tonitruis.
56. Vair, Trois livres des charmes, I, 11, pp. 97–98.
57. Cf. Lecouteux, The High Magic of Talismans and Amulets.
58. The verbs adpendere, impendere, suspendere are all variants of “to hang” or “to suspend,” while ligare and portare ad/circa collum refer to “tying” or “wearing at/around the neck.”
59. Cf. Delatte, Herbarius, 3rd ed., vol. 4, fasc. 4.
60. Cf. the treatise De radiis by Al-Kindi (ca. 800–866), translated into Latin at the end of the twelfth century, in which it is said: “It is celestial harmony that carries out the diversity possessed by the figures as both virtues and effects, attributing to each, thanks to the rays it emits, its own ability to produce a movement on which the diversity of forms and figures depends” (chap. 7). For an edition of the text, see d’Alverny and Hudry, “Al-Kindi, De radiis”; French translation in Matton, La magie arabe traditionnelle, 77–128.
61. Cf. Baader, “Handschrift und Inkunabel in der Überlieferung der medizinischen Literatur.”
62. Howald and Sigerist, eds., Antonii Musae de Herba Vettonica Liber. See also Singer, “The Herbal in Antiquity and Its Transmission to Later Ages.”
63. Cf. Lecouteux, A Lapidary of Sacred Stones.
64. Marcelli De medicamentis liber, ed. Niedermann and Liechtenhan.
65. Claude Lecouteux, The Book of Grimoires.
66. These include: Schmitt, Liber ordinis rerum; Schnell et al., Vocabularius ex quo; and Kirchert and Klein, Die Vokabulare von Fritsche Closener und Jakob Twinger von Königshausen.
CHAPTER 2. THE ILLNESSES OF HUMANS AND THEIR CURE
1. Klapper, Erzählungen des Mittelaters, 268 (et donavit et hanc virtutem, ut quecumque herba crescens, que fimbriam eius attigit, a tactu superne virtutis erat, ut ab illa infirmi sanarentur).
2. Psalm 8:3 (Vulgate).
3. Afanassiev, Poetičeskije vozzrenija slavjan na prirodu [The Slavs’ Poetic Concepts of Nature], vol. 2, 69–70.
4. Afanassiev, Poetičeskije vozzrenija slavjan na prirodu, vol. 2, 16.
5. This is a fragment taken from the Roman Missal. The complete text reads: Communicantes, et memoriam venerantes, in primis gloriosae semper Virginis Mariae, Genetricis Dei et Domini nostri Iesu Christi: sed et beati Ioseph, eiusdem Virginis Sponsi, et beatorum Apostolorum ac Martyrum tuorum, Petri et Pauli, Andreae, Iacobi, Ioannis, Thomae, Iacobi, Philippi, Bartholomaei, Matthaei, Simonis et Thaddaei: Lini, Cleti, Clementis, Xysti, Cornelii, Cypriani, Laurentii, Chrysogoni, Ioannis et Pauli, Cosmae et Damiani) et omnium Sanctorum tuorum; quorum meritis precibusque concedas, ut in omnibus protectionis tuae muniamur auxilio. Per Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen.
6. Brouzet, Essai sur l’éducation médecinale des enfants, et sur leurs maladies, vol. 2, 43.
7. In the Latin MS 7056 of the Bibliothèque nationale, these names are in a different order and show variations: “Eugenius, Stephanus, Porcatius, Sanbutius, Dyonisius, Gelasius, Blasius, and Quyriacus.”
8. Martino, La terre des remords.
9. Cf. Lecouteux, Elle courait le garou, 44–45.
10. British Library, Harley 585, fol. 184r–v. The Dutch spell gives us: ka † ay † vinga † adonay † satheos † o theos † emanuel † ineffabile † ominigan † onaan † iman † misane † dias † modo † undi † nemar † gamasten † orcamin † signimie † berusor † irritas † venas † causidulis † fervor † fixantis † sangnens † siccatur † fla † fla † graza † frigula † mugon † et sidon † benedicite dominus †. Ghent, Universiteitsbibliotheek, MS 1317, fol. 396r–v.
11. Cf. Wipf, Althochdeutsche poetische Texte, 64–66.
12. Cf. Gaster, Les plus anciens contes de l’humanité, 88–89.
13. See the study by Saintyves, La Guérison des verrues.
CHAPTER 7. PROTECTIONS
1. This is reminiscent of the phrase Jesus autem transiens per medium illorum ibat (“But Jesus passing through their midst went His way”; Luke 4:30), which was much used by travelers during the Middle Ages.
2. Kramer and Sprenger, Malleus maleficarum, 1496 edition.
3. Works and Days, v. 727.
4. Psalm 70:1 (Vulgate).
APPENDIX I. MEDICAL MAGIC IN ITALY DURING THE FOURTEENTH–FIFTEENTH CENTURIES
1. Zachariae, “Abergläubische Meinungen und Gebräuche des Mittelalters in den Predigten Bernardinos von Siena.”
2. On “religious” dances with therapeutic aims, cf. Backman, Den religiösa dansen inom kristen kyrka och folkmedicin.
3. For dance as therapy, cf. Höfler, Deutsches Krankheitsnamenbuch, 727–29.
APPENDIX II. THE ACTIVITIES OF SORCERERS
1. Gui, Manuel de l’Inquisiteur, 24–25.
2. Cyrano de Bergerac, Les Œuvres diverse de Monsieur Cyrano de Bergerac, 86–91.
3. Description of the activity of poltergeists; cf. Claude Lecouteux, The Secret History of Poltergeists and Haunted Houses.
4. Cf. Lecouteux, Elle courait le garou.
5. For more on these voults, cf. no. 500.
6. Cf. recipe no. 398.
7. According to Sébillot, Le Folklore de France (1907), vol. 4, 219.
8. Cf. Oudin, Curiositez françoises pour supplément aux dictionnaires, 174.
9. Cf. Lecouteux, Phantom Armies of the Night.
APPENDIX V. KNOTTING THE BREECHES LACES
1. Gratian, Decretum magistri Gratiani, ed. Aemilius Friedberg, Corpus Iuris Canonici, vol. 1 (Leipzig, 1879), causa 33, quaestio 1, chap. 4, col. 1149ff.
2. Gratian, Decretum, 33, quaestio 1.
3. Paris: Jean Poupy, 1579.
4. Lebrun, Histoire critique des pratiques superstitieuses qui ont séduit les Peuples & embarrassé les Savans, vol. I, chap. 7, 320–23.
5. Le Petit Albert, 21–22.