FIRST VINTAGE BOOKS EDITION, AUGUST 2005
Copyright © 2004 by Gertrude Himmelfarb
Vintage and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc.
The Library of Congress has cataloged the Knopf edition as follows:
Himmelfarb, Gertrude.
The roads to modernity: the British, French, and American enlightenments /
Gertrude Himmelfarb.—1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Enlightenment—Great Britain. 2. Enlightenment—France.
3. Enlightenment—United States. 4. Great Britain—Intellectual life—18th
century. 5. France—Intellectual life—18th century. 6. United States—
Intellectual life—18th century. 7. Intellectual life—History.
8. Philosophy, Modern—18th century. I. Title.
B802.H65 2003
190’.9’033—dc22
2003060576
eISBN: 978-0-307-42925-4
v3.0