Authors are listed only in case of special discussion or reference. Subjects of footnotes are listed. Chapter headings and subheadings and bibliographical references are not included.
absolute monarchy, 14, 15 ff., 30
Action Française, 90, 92 ff., 116
Age of Enlightenment, see Enlightenment
Ahlwardt, Hermann, 108
Alldeutscher Verband, see Pan-German League
Alliance Antijuive Universelle, 40
anticlericalism, 47; in France, 95
Anti-Dreyfusards, 37, 90, 92–120 passim
antisemitic congresses, 39
antisemitic parties, xii; in Germany, 4, 38 ff.; supranational organizations, 39 f.; in Austria-Hungary, 44; in France, 45
antisemitism, explanations of, vii f.; 3–10, 86; history of, vii, xi; and nationalism, 3–4, 40, 48; Nazi brand of, 3 f., 87; in France, 4, 42, 45–50, 85, 102 f.; and nation-states, 4; in Austria-Hungary, 5, 42–45; and Jews, 7–8, 43, 46, 54, 87, 103, 120; Christian brand of, 7, 118; liberal, 20, 34; and aristocracy, 20, 31–33, 35, 46; laws of development, 25, 28, 39, 42, 54, 87; and working class, 25, 77; in Eastern Europe, 29; in Prussia, 29–35; and lower middle classes, 36 ff.; leftist, 34, 38, 42–50; in England, 70; and the pan-movements, 39; and socialists, 41; and French society, 79–88; and Third Republic, 89–120; clerical, 44, 46, 116 ff., 120; and Pan-Germanists, 44–45; in Germany, 46, 79; decline of, 50–53; and social discrimination, 54, 61, 79–88; in United States, 55; and secret societies, 76; post-World War I, 86; and Jesuits, 102, 104; and mob, 107 ff.; and imperialism, 116
Arabs, 50
aristocracy, 4, 16, 20 f.; in Germany and Prussia, 13, 18, 31 ff., 85; and Jews, 18, 20 f., 29, 31–33, 35, 72 f., 85, 103; and nation-state, 31; and middle classes, 31, 72; in Hungary, 42; and lower middle classes, 43; in Europe, 72; in England, 72 ff.; and race doctrines, 73; in Austria-Hungary, 79
"aristocracy of nature," 73–74
army, in France, 46, 100–106; and Parliament, 100; as a caste, 100; and nationstate, 100; Jews in, 103 f.
Assumptionists, 116
Austria-Hungary, 64–65, 101, 102; antisemitism in, 5, 42 ff.; Jewish bankers in, 16, 17, 37; and pan-movements, 45
Balzac, Honoré de, 91
Bank of England, 26
bankers, and capitalism, 47; Jewish, 15, 37, 62 ff., 75 f.; in Germany, 4; and nation-state, 11–28; and lower middle classes, 37, 47 ff.; and capitalism, 47; in France, 47 ff.; and Jewish people, 51 f., 62; decline of, 51. See also financiers
Banque de France, 19
Barrés, Maurice, 93, 94, 96, 110, 112, 116
Beaconsfield, Lady, 69
Beaconsfield, Lord, see Disraeli, Benjamin
Benjamin, Walter, 79
Bernanos, Georges, 50, 93, 101, 104, 107
Bismarck, Otto von, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 32, 35, 43, 45, 65
Bleichroeder, Gerson, 18, 20, 21, 32, 35, 97
Boeckel, Otto, 38
Boisdeffre, Charles le Mouton de, 89
Bolshevik movement or party or Bolshevism, 4, 6. See also totalitarianism
Bonapartism, 97
Boulanger, Georges, 100
Boulangerism, 98
bourgeois, and citizen, 79 f.
bourgeoisie, 36; and nation-state, 17; and imperialism, 18; and Jews, 25; in Austria-Hungary, 44; in France, 47; and aristocracy, 72
bourgeois society, 52, 55, 67 f., 107
Brentano, Clemens von, 61 f.
Brousse, Paul, 48
Buelow, Hans B. von, 91
bureaucracy, in France, 16; in Austria-Hungary, 50
Caesarism, 94
Cagoulard affair, 92
Calmer, Liefman, 16
capitalism, and Jews, 13 ff., 29, 34; in Eastern Europe, 29; and the lower middle classes, 36
Carlyle, Thomas, 71 f.
Catholic Church, 37, 44; in France, 46, 47, 92; and State, 92, 120; and Jews, 116
Catholic clergy, in Austria-Hungary, 44, 101 f.; and antisemitism, 47, 102; and Third Republic, 93–120 passim; and Vichy government, 93; in Spain, 101
Catholicisme cérébral, 101–102
Cavaignac, Jean-Baptiste, 114
Cecil, Lord Robert, see Salisbury, Lord
Céline, Louis Ferdinand, 49
chauvinism, 74
Chesterton, Gilbert Keith, 51, 74
Chinese, in the United States, 55
chosenness, Disraeli's concept of, 71, 73; and racism, 73, 97; Jewish concept of, 74
Christian Socialism, Austrian, 37, 43, 44
Christlich-Deutsche Tischgesellschaft, 62
civil services (government officials), in Prussia, 30; and Jews, 32; in France, 96
class system, 12–13, 55; and Jews, 13, 42, 61; and absolute monarchies, 16; and nation-state, 17 ff., 37, 38, 42; in Austria-Hungary, 42
class struggle, 40
Clemenceau, Georges, 79, 89, 90, 93, 95, 101, 103, 105–20 passim
Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 16
Communards. 98
Congo-Nile mission, 116
Congress of Vienna, 21, 30, 32, 33, 34
Conservative Party or parties, and Jews, 32, 46; British, 69, 71
court Jews, xii, 12, 14 ff., 19 ff., 26, 31, 62 ff., 98
Creditanistalt, Vienna, 42
Crédit Mobilier, 97
Crémieux, Adolphe, 104
Crossfire, 80
Czarist Russia, 50, 91, 105, 118
Daladier, Edouard, 48
Déat, Marcel, 92
déclassés, 10, 68, 87, 94, 109
Déroulède, Paul, 115 f.
despotism or despots, 4; in Czarist Russia, 50. See also tyranny
Deuxième Bureau, 101
Diderot, Denis, 23
Didon, Father Henri, 102
Disraeli, Benjamin, 21, 24, 68–79, 80, 83
Dohm, Christian Wilhelm, 12, 30
Dreyfus Affair, xii, 4, 10, 45, 47, 78, 79; and French Jews, 86 f., 117 ff.; trials of, 89 f., 104, 118, 119; and the Panama scandal, 95–100; and Clemenceau, 95, 106–19; and socialists, 112 ff., 119 f.; and Parliament, 115 f., 119
Dreyfus, Alfred, 85, 86, 89–120 passim
Dreyfusards, 93–120 passim
Dreyfus family, 103, 105, 109 f.
Drumont, Edouard, 50, 96, 98, 102, 112, 120
Duehring, Eugen, 35
Du Lac, Father, S.J., 120
Egypt, 117
Eisemenger, J. A., 17
elite, and mob, 112
Elizabeth, Queen of England, 16
Engels, Friedrich, 37
England, Jewish financiers in, 16; and France, 117
Enlightenment, via, 46 f., 57, 68, 73
equality, 11, 13, 76; and nation-state, 12 ff., 19, 78; and race doctrines, 54; and Jews, 54 ff., 78; in United States, 55; Burke and, 70; Disraeli and, 70, 78; and statelessness, 33
Esterhazy, see Walsin-Esterhazy
"exception Jews," in Germany, 61–70 passim; and secularization, 74; in France, 79–88 passim
expansion, economic, 51. See also imperialism
extermination policies or extermination camps, 8
fall of France, 45, 50, 93, 110
Fascism or Fascist movements, in Italy, 21; in France, 42, 92 f.
Faure, Paul, 115
Fayolle, Marie-Emile, 93
fellow-travelers, 3
fermiers généraux, 17
financial scandals, 36, 41, 43, 95–99, 107
Foch, Ferdinand, 93
foreign affairs, and socialist parties, 38, 40; and antisemitic parties, 38, 40
Foreign Legion, 92
Fort Chabrol, 111
Fourier, Charles, 48 f.
France, 51, 79; foreign population in, 48; and Jews, 48, 65, 79 ff., 98, 99; and Germany, 50; and England, 50, 116, 117; as nation-state, 50, 79. See also Third Republic; Vichy government
France, Anatole, 110
Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria-Hungary, 5
Frederick II, 13, 16, 18, 30, 59
Frederick William I, 12
Frederick William III, 32
Freemasonry, 108
French Revolution, 5, 12, 14, 18, 23, 33, 40, 46, 79
Fritsch, Theodor, 39
Froude, J. A., 69
Fuggers, 16
Galliffet, G. A. A., 115
Gambetta, Léon, 98
Gentz, Friedrich, 60
Germanism, see Pan-Germanism
German Liberal Party (Austria), 43
Germany, 41, 51; and Jews, 57 f., 62 f.; and France, 83; and Dreyfus Affair, 91. See also Nazism; Pan-Germanism; Prussia; totalitarianism; Weimar Republic; Nazi Germany
Gide, André, 49
Gordon, Judah Leib, 65
Grattenauer, C. W E., 61
Great Britain, see British Empire; England
Gründungsschwindel, 36
Guesde, Jules, 112
Halévy, Daniel, 110
Hapsburg monarchy, 5, 42 f., 65
Harden, Maximilian, 100
Haute Banque, 97
Henry, Colonel Joseph, 89
Herr, Lucien, 110
Herz, Markus, 57
Hessians, 38
Hitler, Adolf, 7, 77, 88, 93 f., 104
Hitler Germany, see Nazi Germany
Hobson, J. H., 24
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, C. von, 91
homosexuals, 80 ff.
human rights, see Rights of Man
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 23, 30, 56 f.
ideologies, 6: 19th century, 45
imperialism or imperialists, and nationstate or mother country or nationalism, xii, 15, 24; and Jews, 15, 18, 39; and bourgeoisie, 18; parties, 39; continental, 45; French, 50, 79; and Disraeli, 74 f.
intellectuals, 35; Jewish, 44, 52 f., 62, 64–68, 74; French, 49, 65, 107, 110; and mob, 107. See also intelligentsia
intelligentsia, Jewish, 32, 52, 73 f.; Prussian, 57; European, 112
internationalism, socialist, 40 f.; of antisémites, 41; Jewish, 53
Italy or Italians, 21. See also Fascism
Jaurès, Jean. 92, 105, 112, 114, 119
Jesuits, 76, 102, 103 f., 108, 109, 116, 120
Jewish communities, 62 ff.
Jewish financiers, 16, 25, 97 ff. See also bankers; Rothschilds
Jewish-Gentile relations, vii ff.
Jewish historiography, viii–ix
Jewish problem, need for comprehension of, x
Jewishness, 66 f., 69, 74, 80–88
Jews, antagonism toward Gentiles, viii-ix; history of, x ff.; in France, 4, 17, 18, 47, 79–120 passim, 103; in Germany, 4 f., 17, 22, 79, 86; as victims, 6, 108; and antisemitism, 7, 8, 40, 120; and aristocracy, 11, 20 ff., 31 ff., 39, 46–47, 85, 97; in Prussia, 16 ff., 60–61, 83; and class-system, 13; and capitalism, 13–14, 29; and nation-state, 96–99; as inter-European element, 16, 19, 21–23, 26, 40, 41, 52; in Austria-Hungary, 17, 18, 42, 43, 79, 86; and politics, 19 ff., 97; in Middle Ages, vii, 19, 23, 46; and feudal lords, 20 ff.; and bourgeoisie, 24, 25, 97; in Eastern Europe, 29; foreign Jews, 48, 97 f., 118; in Algeria, 50; in pre-World War I era, 51; shift to liberal professions, 52–53; social status, 52 ff., 97, 99; notables, 62 ff.; as international caste, 63, 75; in England, 70; and secularization, 73–75.
emancipation of, 11 ff.; in France, 18, 46, 57; in Prussia, 12, 29 f., 30, 60; in Germany, 57; and assimilation, 56, 59.
assimilation of, 7, 11 ff., 13, 32, 56 58, 64 ff., 118; in Germany, 65–68, 83 f.; and leftist movements, 77; in France, 103 ff.
See also antisemitism; bankers; court Jews; "exception Jews"; intellectuals; Jewish financiers
Joffre, J. J. C., 93
Junkers, see aristocracy
Khedive of Egypt, 78
La Bataille, 110
Labori, Fernand, 95, 105, 106, 118
labor parties or movements, 34 f., 39 f., 43. See also socialism; Social Democratic Party; workers' movements
Laval, Pierre, 90
Lazare, Bernard, 65, 67, 89, 105, 110, 117, 120
Le Gaulois, 97
Lemaitre, Jules, 120
Leo XIII, Pope, 117
Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 95
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 57, 59
Lévy, Arthur, 105
Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien, 105
liberalism and liberals, 31 f., 34, 37 f., 46, 47
Libre Parole. 93, 96, 104, 105, 109, 111
Liebknecht, Wilhelm, 105
literature, French antisemitic, 49
London society, 71 ff.
Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia, 59, 60
Louvain, Pierre Charles, S.J., 108
lower middle classes, 35, 43, 47
Lyautey, L. H. G., 93
MacMahon, E. P. M. de, 98
mankind, concept of, in the French Revolution, 40
Martin du Gard, Roger, 113
Marwitz, Ludwig von der, 31, 34
Marx, Karl, 34, 36, 47 f., 64, 65
masses, vii
Maurice of Saxony, 62
Maurras, Charles, 94, 102, 110, 112, 116
Mendelssohn, Abraham, 60
Mendelssohn, Moses, 57, 58 f., 62
Mercier, General Auguste, 105, 107
Metternich, Prince Clemens, 5, 22, 25, 34
Meyer, Arthur, 97
middle classes, in Germany or Prussia, 32, 59, 72; in England, 72, 80 f.; in France, 85 f. See also bourgeoisie; lower middle classes
Millerand, Alexandre, 119
Mirabeau, Honoré Q. R. de, 33, 57
mob, 88, 92; characteristics of, 106–17; and bourgeoisie, 107, 112; and the Jews, 107 ff.; and intellectuals, 112
Monod, Gabriel, 110
Morès, Marquis de, 111
Mueller, Adam, 33
Munich crisis or pact, 49
Mussolini, Benito, 49
Napoleon I, 24, 26, 29, 47, 61; legislation, 59, 70; defeat of Prussia in 1806, 59, 60
Naquet, Alfred, 98
nation or nation-state, and equality, 9, 12 ff., 19, 78; Jews and, 11 ff., 14 f., 22, 56 ff., 96–99; and imperialism, 15; and class system, 17 ff., 37 ff., 97; and bourgeoisie, 17; and peasants, 29; in Eastern Europe, 29; birth of, 38 f.; and Austria-Hungary, 44; and France, 46, 50, 79; and army, 100. See also nationalism
National Bolshevism, 92
nationalism, in Soviet Russia, 3; and antisemitism, 4, 41, 48; in Austria-Hungary 42 ff.; French, 110
nationality or nationalities, in Austria-Hungary, 42 ff.
National Socialism. See Nazism
Nazi Germany, 6. See also totalitarian regimes
Nazism, and nationalism, 3, 4; and antisemitism, xi, 3, 21, 45, 87; and the state, 46; and France, 49, 94. See also totalitarianism
Negroes, in United States, 55
nobility, see aristocracy
Nouvelle Revue Française, 49
October Revolution, see Russian Revolution
Oppenheim, Henry, 78
Orleanist movement, 97
Orléans, Duke of. 111
Ouvrard, G. J., 24
Panama Company, 95
Panama scandal, 36, 83, 95–99, 100, 105, 109
Pan-Germanism or Pan-Germans, 43–45
Pan-German League (Alldeutscher Verband), 39
pan-movements, xii; and antisemitism, 39.
See also Pan-Germanism
Paris World Exposition, 89, 91, 115, 117, 119
Parliament, 36, 51; French, 91 ff., 95–120
passim; hostility to, 115 ff.
party systems or parties, 25, 38 ff., 98, 112
Paulus, H. E. G., 56
peace treaties, 21
Péguy, Charles, 110, 113, 114, 120
Péreires Brothers, 97
Pétain, Henri Philippe, 48 f., 90 f., 92, 93
Picquart, Colonel Georges, 89, 91, 105, 106, 109, 114
Plato, 9
Poland or Poles, 29
Posen, 60
power, and Jews, 5, 52, 53, 104
Prévost, Marcel, 120
Protestant Church, 38
"Protocols of the Elders of Zion," xi, 7, 94
Proust, Marcel, 80–88 passim
Prussia, 16, 17 f., 18, 29, 30, 31 ff., 58, 59, 60–68
passim; Prussian Reformers, 29 ff.
Prussian-Austrian War of 1866, 20
Quislings, see collaborationists
race, problems, 54
race doctrines, and Jews, 27, 73, 75, 78, 84; and aristocracy, 73; and nationalism, 78
Régis, Max, 111 f.
Reinach, Jacques, 95 f., 98, 107, 109
Revolution of 1848, 19, 24, 25, 47, 76
Rights of Man, 70
Robespierre, Maximilien, 22
Roget, General Gaudérique, 115 f.
Rolland, Romain, 110
romanticism, 35
Rosicrucians, 108
Rothschild, Edmond de, 104
Rothschild family, 14, 17, 19, 21, 42 f., 26–28, 42, 43, 47 f., 62, 70, 76, 97, 98 f., 103, 105, 117, 118
Rothschild, Lionel, 78
Rothschild, Meyer Amschel, 26
Rouvier, Maurice, 96
Ruehs, Christian Friedrich, 63
Russia, see Czarist Russia
Salisbury, Lord, 71
Sandherr, Colonel Jean-Conrad, 89
Sartre, Jean-Paul, xi
Say, Léon, 98
Scheurer-Kestner, Auguste, 89, 94, 109, 111
Schlegel, Friedrich, 60
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 58
Schoenerer, Georg von, 43 f., 108
Schwartzkoppen, Major Max von, 89, 101
Second Empire, 4, 24, 48, 81, 83, 85, 100
secret societies, 24, 76 ff., 108
Social Democratic Party, in Germany, 38; in Austria, 44, 65; and antisemitism, 54, 61 ; in France, 105. See also socialism socialism or socialist movement, 37 f., 40 f., 47, 105 ff., 112 ff., 119
society, bourgeois, 52, 55, 67 f., 107; English, 69–78; French, 78, 79–88, 103; and mob, 107, 112
Society of Jesus, see Jesuits
Sombart, Werner, 14
Sorci, Georges, 110
state, and the Jews, 13 ff.; hostility to, 43; state worship, 46; and the bourgeoisie, 51. See also nation or nation-state
state-party (Weimar Republic), 25
Stoecker, Adolf, 18, 32, 35, 38 f., 43, 108
Suarez, Georges, 110
Tchaka, King, 192
Templars, 108
Third Reich, see Nazi Germany
Third Republic, 4 f., 24, 44, 46, 79, 85, 89–120 passim
Thirty Years' War, 19
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 4
totalitarianism, xi; politics of, xi. See also Bolshevism; Nazism
Toussenel, Alphonse, 47
Tunis, 109
tyranny or tyrants, 6
Union Générale, 97
United Kingdom, see England
Valéry, Paul, 107
Varnhagen, Rahel, 59, 60, 61, 66
Versailles treaties, 21
Vichy government, 45, 48 f., 93
Victoria, Queen of England, 68, 71, 75
Voix du Nord, 90 f.
Waldeck-Rousseau, René, 115, 119
Walsin-Esterhazy, Ferdinand, 89, 92, 101, 104
Weimar Republic, 21, 24, 79; Jews' status in, 25
Wertheimer, Samson, 14
Weygand, Maxime, 93
William II, and antisemitism, 18
"Wilson Affair," 101
workers' movements, 40, 44. See also labor parties; socialism
working class, 37, 77, 113 ff.
World War I, 5, 15, 41, 43, 50, 65, 79, 86; as "Jewish crime," 96
World War II, 48
Zionism or Zionists, 79, 120; as antisemitic movement, xi; Zionist Congress, 108
Zola, Emile, 89, 90, 92, 94, 105, 106, 110, 111, 113 f., 119