| 1603 |
James VI of Scotland succeeds Elizabeth I as James I of England |
| 1612 |
Jeane Ryder born to Scots courtiers at Westminster |
| 1615 |
Brome Whorwood born at Holton Park, Oxfordshire |
| 1617 |
James I and VI visits Scotland; William Ryder dies |
| 1619 |
Jeane’s mother remarries to James Maxwell, Black Rod. Queen Anne dies |
| 1625 |
Charles I succeeds James I; Maxwell’s influence grows at court |
| 1625 |
Parliament removes to Oxford to avoid plague |
| 1628 |
Buckingham, favourite of Charles I and James I, assassinated |
| 1629 |
Parliament dissolves itself; King Charles rules alone until 1640 |
| 1634 |
Brome Whorwood marries Jeane Ryder (Jane Whorwood) |
| 1636 |
The court and Archbishop Laud visit Oxford |
| 1639–41 |
Charles I defeated in two Scottish or ‘Bishops’ wars |
| 1640 |
Short Parliament (1640); Long Parliament (1640–48); ‘Rump’ (1648–53; 1658–60) |
| 1642 |
Charles declares war against Parliament, August; Edgehill battle, October |
| 1642–4 |
Jane smuggles gold and intelligence into Oxford, Charles’s war capital |
| 1644 |
Scots Covenanting Army invades in support of Parliament |
| 1645 |
Parliament abolishes Anglican Church and re-models Army; Naseby battle, June |
| 1646 |
Charles flees Oxford; Scots take him to Newcastle; Bridget Cromwell marries at Holton; Oxford surrenders; end of ‘first civil war’ |
| 1647–8 |
Agreement at Newcastle on Scots war expenses; Charles handed into English custody; travels via Holdenby to Hampton Court; Army subdues London; Charles flees to Isle of Wight after Army threats |
| 1648 |
King on Wight, November 1647 – November 1648; four failed escape attempts, naval mutiny, county uprisings; Scots invasion by the Hamiltons defeated at Preston; Royalists surrender Colchester; end of ‘second civil war’; Parliament negotiates with Charles, August – November; Army arrest him |
| 1649 |
Charles I executed; monarchy and House of Lords abolished; Commonwealth (Republic) declared; Army take war into Ireland and Scotland |
| 1651 |
Prince Charles and Hamilton invade England from Scotland (‘third civil war’); defeated at Worcester, September; Jane Whorwood returns to Holton |
| 1657 |
Jane leaves home permanently; Brome junior drowns |
| 1658 |
Cromwell dies and is succeeded by son Richard, briefly and reluctantly |
| 1659 |
Jane obtains judicial separation and alimony from Brome |
| 1660 |
Charles II invited to return in a ‘Restoration’ of monarchy |
| 1661 |
Brome Whorwood MP for Oxford City, over three Parliaments, 1661–81 |
| 1684 |
Brome Whorwood dies, April; Jane Whorwood dies, September. Buried at Holton |
| 1688–9 |
Flight of James II; William of Orange and Mary (née Stuart) offered Crown |