abstract object 5, 8, 99, 108, 122; see also ontology
academe 33, 52, 157, 188, 193 action: basic and non-basic 49-50, 75, 107, 201n40-41; causal theory of 46-47, 203n1; desiderata for an adequate theory 205n23; see also agency; libertarian
agency: common sense concept of 46; libertarian 46, 47, 49, 183, 185, 203n1; agent-causal 75, 82, 102, 134; agent causation account of 7, 21, 70-71, 74, 75, 94, 102, 124,
153, 167, 173, 185, 200n19, 209n88, non-agent-causation 204n3; notion of freedom vs. free agents 205n22 see also action; causation; dualism; libertarian; naturalism
anomalous monism 45, 133 Argument from Consciousness (AC)
45, 49, 50-51, 55, 58, 59, 60, 66, 80, 81, 102, 106, 109, 118, 133,
154, 155, 176, 186, 190, 191, 192; agent causation 47, 200n19; explained ix-x, 32-51; inference to the best explanation 32; C-inductive vs. P-inductive arguments 32-33 175; deductive argument 37-51; supervenience of moral properties 203n44; theism/dualism x, 3, 30, 31, 34, 51-52, 59, 62, 64-65, 78, 96, 97, 99-107, 110, 113, 115, 119, 135, 142, 145, 154, 156; see also consciousness; dualism; fear of God; God; naturalism; panpsychism
Aristotelian 8, 29, 149-50, 154, 158, 169, 197n33, 206-7n52 Armstrong, D.M. existence 8, paradigm-case naturalist 22-23;
falsification of naturalism 59 emergence of consciousness 61, 69, vicious infinite regress 100, general ontology 108; see also naturalism Atheism 35, 45, 104, 178-79, 188, 191, 217n7; see also dualism; naturalism; God; secularization atomic theory of matter 3, 6-7, 14, 26, 54, 188; see also evolution; naturalism; science Authority Thesis see philosophy Autonomy Thesis see philosophy
Big Bang cosmology 1, 6, 14, 35, 98, 110, 132, 138, 155; see also science Biola University x, 148 biological naturalism 54-58, 60, 62, 65-66, 114; see also naturalism; physicalism; Searle, John; science brain: body and 144, 157; evolution and 97, 98, 137, 140; faculties of the soul attributed to 167; internal relations and 23; introspective acquaintance with 89; Knowledge Argument and 42; mental/ consciousness (correlations, emergent on, process, properties,
states) 18, 45, 54-55, 57, 58, 60, 62, 86, 96, 98, 102, 103, 105, 107, 143, 146, 168, 171, 172, 182, 197n38, 220n57; mind/brain supervenience 18, 64; near death experiences 147; neurobiological features of 57; quale and 173; split brain phenomena 167; see also mental entities/properties/states; mind/body problem; introspection; Knowledge Argument; consciousness; supervenience
burden of proof ix, 3, 5, 21, 25, 28, 46, 55, 69, 71-73, 81, 87, 90, 104, 120, 128, 136, 156, 166, 192, 209n88, 219n44
brute facts 12, 14, 21, 34, 47, 59, 110, 140, 154, 220n57; see also ontologically basic
Campbell, Keith: abstract objects 5; emergent entities 8 general ontology 108; see also emergent; naturalism; ontology
Cartesianism 8, 16, 38, 40, 54-55, 59, 63, 83, 86, 91, 108, 117, 124-25, 130, 144, 157, 161-62, 178, 185, 187, 191; see also dualism; mind/ body problem; naturalism causal closure 13-17, 21, 76, 88, 97, 135, 140, 143; see also naturalism; physicalism
Causal Unity of Nature Thesis 72-74, 76; see also naturalism; O’Connor, Timothy; physicalism causal correlation 47, 59, 107; see also, causation; supervenience causal necessitation 25-27, 58, 60-61, 87, 105; see also determinism causation: agent 7, 21, 70-71, 74, 94, 102, 124, 153, 167, 173, 185, 200n19, 209n88; bottom/up or top/ down or outside/in 2, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16-17, 18, 19, 21, 78, 79, 80, 81, 96, 135, 136, 143, 149, 150; causal pairing problem 207 n54; event 75, 93; impotent 19; realist view of 25-27; see also determinism; necessity/necessitation Chinese Room thought experiment 42-44, 85; see also conceivability; Searle, John; thought experiments Chisholm, Roderick M.: a leading dualist 186; epistemological particularist 24, 121; epistemic appraisal 26-27, 50; self-presenting properties 39-40; vicious infinite regress 100, first-person introspective knowledge 165; see also dualism; ontology; self-presenting properties; third-person perspective Churchland, Paul: advocates strong physicalism viii; replaces the first-person ontology 5; reasons for strong physicalism 61-62; semantic and epistemic issues 162-63;
substance dualism 185; see also first-person perspective; naturalism; physicalism; substance dualism
Clayton, Philip: AC and theism 154-55; dualism misrepresented 143-45; emergence, employment of 145-49; methodology 139-43; individual, category of 149-54; minimalist vs. strong naturalism 139; ontology 143; pluralistic emergentist monism: features 135-39; see also Argument from Consciousness; dualism; emergence; ontology; theistic dualism
compatibilism 92, 204n12; see also agency; libertarian
conceivability 36, 60, 68, 97, 110,
127, 183, 205n4, 218n16-18; conceivable not identical to imageable (pictureable) 57, 62, 68, 183; strong vs. weak 26, 85, 110, 180, 182, 184; see also thought experiments
conceptual supervenience 18; see also supervenience
consciousness: brain and 60, 64, 98, 103, 107; consciousness as emergent 80, 87-90, 131; divine 99; epiphenomenal 96-97; problems for naturalism, evidence for theism viii-ix, 1, 2, 29, 34, 35, 45, 47, 51, 109, 119, 120; emergence of 1, 34, 35, 36, 57, 61-62, 65-68, 73, 87-90, 95, 98, 145, 155, 192, 220n57; explanatory gap 9, 11, 19; finite viii, 29, 32, 34, 96, 99, 110, 121, 131-32; hard problem of 11, 141, 145; imageability of 57, 61-62; mystery of 97, 99; naturalistic approaches to 30, 34, 35, 53-69, 70-94, 95-113; nature of 157, 159, 171, 176; neurotic to deny 54, 62, 65, 177-78; origin of ix, 1, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 57, 66, 79, 95, 101, 103, 105, 107, 127, 128, 131, 139, 142, 176; phenomenal viii, 15, 43, 128, 133, 200n27; problem of 6, 11, 109, 110, 141; secondary qualities in 67-68; self-159, 163; space and 98; unity of 129, 167; see also Argument from Consciousness; brain; conceivability; dualism; emergentism; naturalism; physicalism
Consciousness and the Existence of God: overview of viii-x, 11, 51-52, 114, 156, 157 175-76, 192-94; see also Argument from Consciousness; consciousness; dualism; God; naturalism; physicalism constituent/whole relation 20, 110, 181; see also ontology Constitution Thesis 72-74, 76, 90-92; see also naturalism; O’Connor, Timothy; physicalism contingent correlations 51, 53, 140, 143, 156; see also Searle, John cosmic authority problem: see also fear of God; Nagel, Thomas counterfactuals 26, 53, 197n38; see also, ontology
determinism: dependence and 16, 18-19, 86; diachronic or synchronic 7-9, 16; Grand Story and 14; novel emergent property and 15; vertical 16; see also necessity/necessitation dualism: argumentation and theism 179-86; emergent property viii, ix, 133
disembodiment 167; dismissive rhetorical moves by naturalists 186-89; proponents, list of 186; weak 45; see also agency; Argument from Consciousness, consciousness; emergent property dualism; property dualism; substance dualism
ego 80, 159, 167, see also self eleatic principle of existence 8 see also ontology
eliminativism 11-12, 13, 20, 30, 151, 151; see also physicalism emergence: emergence0-1 21;
emergence2a 21, 28, 56; emergence2b 22; emergence2c 21, 22, 77, 81; emergence3 21, 28, 81; strong vs. weak 136; see also consciousness; Clayton, Philip; emergentism; O’Connor, Timothy; Searle, John emergentism 33, 82, 136, 137, 138, 140, 145, 148, 149, 150, 155, 165, 193; see also consciousness emergent necessitation 83-87, 156; see also O’Connor, Timothy emergent property ix; 3, 6, 11, 15, 17, 19, 25, 27, 34, 47, 57, 62, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 80, 83,
84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 130, 131, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 205n23; epistemically characterized 33; naturalistically inexplicable or dismissive of 6, 7,
14; ontological status of 74; see also Clayton, Philip, consciousness; O’Connor, Timothy; sui generis emergent supervenience 15, 86, 105, 108, 137, 150; see also supervenience
empirical 24, 34, 173 causal questions 173; emergence and 148, 159-60; empirically established 73-74; 87, 91, 92, 161; equivalent philosophical models 20, 87-88, 165-66, 168, 170; evidence 92, 148, 164, 185, 208n76; knowledge 79; naturalism and 133; point of view 34; philosophical arguments and 73; philosophy of mind 2; research 89, 106; theories 4; see also Causal Unity of Nature Thesis; Constitution Thesis; naturalism; philosophy of mind; quantum; scientism epiphenomenal(ism) 15, 18, 19, 21,
96, 97, 104, 105, 136, 149, 165, 193, 200n57; see also consciousness, naturalism; physicalism epiphenomenal property dualism 56;
see also dualism; Kim epistemic appraisal 26-27, 50-51; see also Chisholm, Roderick; naturalness and theory epistemic values 30-31; see also naturalness and theory; theory acceptance/adjudication epistemic virtues 106, 165; see also naturalness and theory; theory/ acceptance/adjudication epistemological particularism 24, 121; see also epistemological methodism; epistemology; Chisholm, Roderick; first-person perspective epistemological methodism 5-6, 23; see also epistemological particularism; epistemology; Chisholm, Roderick; third-person perspective
epistemology: Descartes 40; externalist 22-23; foundationalism 102; naturalist/naturalized 3, 5-6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 21, 22, 24, 25, 59, 64, 95,
109, 161, 162, 164, 166, 176, 199n3; see also Cartesianism; externalist epistemology; foundationalism; naturalism event-causation 75, 93; see causation evolution: a “seamless garment’’ 2,
177; Clayton’s emergentism 137,
140, 154; consciousness or mental states and 1, 38, 135, 137, 141, 154, 177; cultural 143; epistemic limitations from 95; neo-Darwinism 7, 30; see also causal closure; consciousness; God; emergentism; naturalism
explanation: causal 7, 22, 25, 26, 46 53, 54, 62; combinatorial modes of 6, 7, 10, 14, 25, 35, 96; covering law form of 26, 49, 59; natural scientific 22, 37, 47, 48, 60, 62; personal 37, 38, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 105, 197; realist 195n12; worldview superior ix, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 14, 21, 24, 26, 31, 51, 53, 65, 83, 90, 110, 118, 119, 128, 132, 133, 139, 140,
141, 145, 154, 156, 160, 167, 176, 199n3; see also necessity
externalist epistemology 22, 49; see also epistemology; foundationalism; internalist epistemology; naturalism; scientific
Faith and Philosophy x, 201, 202, 211, 218, 225, 228, 229; see also philosophy; philosophy of religion fallacies: ad hoc 29-30, 32, 34, 59, 61, 65-66, 109, 113, 133, 141, 148, 176, 198n1, 199n3; genetic; question-begging 29-30, 31, 34, 37, 46, 58, 59, 65, 66, 106, 109, 126, 130, 142, 144, 169, 176, 198n1; post hoc ergo propter hoc 148-55; see also philosophy fear of God (“cosmic authority
problem””) ix, 176-79, 188, 190-92; see also Argument from Consciousness; God; Nagel, Thomas first-person perspective 4-5, 9, 31, 38, 40, 42, 44-45, 79, 81-82, 89, 92-95, 121-22, 124, 135, 149, 156, 158-59, 163-68, 171-72, 174, 182-83, 202n20, 203n37, 215n18,n28; see also third-person perspective first-philosophy 3, 5, 159, 160-62, 165; see also philosophy; foundationalism folk philosophy/psychology 91,
162-63, 191; see also dualism functionalism 21, 44, 45, 86, 133, 124, 172; see also naturalism; physicalism foundationalism 40, 160-62; see also epistemological particularism; first-person perspective; first-philosophy; internalist epistemology
fulfillment structure 44; see also Chisholm, Roderick; first-person perspective; self-presenting properties
generalization problem 17, 18; see also naturalism; physicalism God: as spirit 59, 86, 116; created by 102-3, 104, 105, 109, 119; consciousness in 29, 96, 99; evil 104; existence of viii, ix, 32, 35, 52, 54, 85, 104, 119, 152, 156, 175, 176, 177, 188, 189, 190; finite 116; human persons analogous to 152-53, 186, 213n50; hypothesis 96, 105; intentions (wantings) or model of 46, 50, 101-4, 105; libertarian power 85-86; metaphysically impossible 86-87; necessary being 101-2, 103, 132, 138; not “dead” 33, 188; omnipotence of 66; omnipresence 122-23; persons and 33; purely spiritual substance 78; Spirit of 58; “superadd” thinking 65-66, 203n37; transcendent 119, 138; unembodied mind in 32, 116; see also Argument from Consciousness; consciousness; dualism; fear of God; naturalism; theism
haecceities 12-13; see also metaphysics, ontology higher order 18-19, 181; see also mereological hierarchy; supervenience
indexical 9, 22, 149, 160, 167,
182-83; 218n11; see also first-person perspective; self; self-presenting properties inseparable/separable parts 11-12, 22, 144, 151, 181; (monadic) property-instance 5, 11, 19-20, 64, 80, 129; see also ontology
intentional actions: three kinds 201n41; see also agency, intentionality
intentionality ix, 38, 40, 44, 54, 64, 124, 164; see also first-person perspective; self-presenting properties
intra-level higher order functional properties vs. inter-level micro-based properties 19; see also mereological hierarchy; supervenience internalist epistemology 40, 42, 190; see also epistemology; externalist epistemology; foundationalism introspection 5, 62-64, 81, 82, 88-89, 94, 95, 157, 158, 161, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 171-72, 174, 180, 215n28; see also first-person perspective; self-presenting properties; self
intuitions 10, 60, 77, 119; dualist/ pre-philosophical 37, 73-74, 82, 87, 90-94, 172, 187, 205n22, 209n88; modal 37; panpsychism 117, 125; see also dualism; first-person perspective; self-presenting properties irreducibility viii-ix, 1, 7, 16, 18, 22, 31-32, 35-36, 41, 45-46, 50, 57-58, 74, 75, 90, 114, 124, 126, 133, 134, 136, 138, 149-50, 163, 168, 178, 182-83, 192, 204n3, 205n23, 207n56, 211n25, 218n11; see also consciousness
Jackson, Frank: advocates strong physicalism viii, 10, 193, 198n53; eliminative or reductive approach 142; “location problem” 9-11; constraints for naturalist ontology 10-11; folk conception of personal identity 91, 191; haecceities 13; Kim and 24-25; necessitation by subvenient base 89; serious metaphysics vs. shopping-list approach 23-24, 83, 207n56; O’Connor and 83; see also metaphysics; naturalism; physicalism; reductionism
Kalam cosmological argument for the existence of God 99, 111; see also God; philosophy of religion Kim, Jaegwon: causal closure 13-14, 17, 56; causal powers 8; emergent
approach 48; emergent epiphenomenal dualist 220n57; emergent mental properties 149; epistemological/ontological simplicity 24-25, 31, 165; ‘‘dualism of personhood” 91; Grand Story 14; mental vs. agent causation 185; mereological hierarchy 149; Nagel-type reductions 68; naturalist, a strong physicalist 56, 194; supervenient, a label 9; generalization problem 17-18; substance dualism 185, 218n22; supervenience argument (“exclusion argument”) 16-19; top/down mental causation 16-17; 149; type identity physicalism 163-66; see also, dualism; emergentism; naturalism; physicalism; reductionism; supervenience
Knowledge Argument ix, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 85, 87, 95, 166, 173, 215n22; see also consciousness; dualism; first-person perspective know-how 42; see also epistemology; knowledge by acquaintance; propositional knowledge knowledge by acquaintance 5, 40-44, 88; see also epistemology; first-person perspective; propositional knowledge; know-how knowledge of other minds 163; see also dualism; Knowledge Argument Kuhnian paradigm crisis 2, 192; see also philosophy of mind
law 6, 13; law-like ix, 48, 51, 58, 102, 124, 126, 134, 140; natural 10, 111; psycho-physical 45, 129, 132, 200n28; strong physicalism ix, 8,
13; see also physicalism; physical libertarian: acts 132, 173; agents 76, 132, 205n22; freedom 38, 49, 70, 94, 183 204n3, 205n23; free acts 39; indeterminism 204n3; intuitions 91; personal explanation 46, 47; power 85; see also action; agency; dualism; naturalism location problem 9-10, 83; see also physicalism; naturalism; Jackson, Frank
Locke, John: thinking matter 65-66, 78, 203n37; pneumatophobia 176-77; see also fear of God
lower order 18-19; see also higher order
Madell, Geoffrey 1, 48, 125, 182-83, 186, 195n2, 201n37, 211n23, 217n8,n9, 218n12,n13, 224; see also consciousness; dualism matter: consciousness arise from or linked to 37, 57, 61, 69, 95, 97-98 105, 109, 110, 123, 131; creatures of 62; Leibniz and 1, reality and 7, mental potentialities in 36, 98, 123; ontology and 108; naturalistically described 120; panpsychism 82, 133; thinking 65-67, 68, 78, 203n37, 206n49; universe and 2, 34, 36, 98, 110, 112, 114, 155, 177; see also atomic theory of matter; evolution; naturalism; physical Matter and Consciousness 163; see also Churchland, Paul materialism 1, 2, 4, 12, 20, 54, 59, 67, 115, 117, 127, 133, 136, 157 172, 177, 178, 195n5; mechanistic 1, 4, 13, 133; see also naturalism McGinn, Colin AC/theistic dualism and 99-107; cognitive closure 97; critique of 98-108; dismissal of theism 180; hyperdualism 107-8; mysterianism, description and problems of 1, 6, 51, 95, 109-13, 140-41, 192, 195n3, 209n1; naturalism/anti-naturalism 96-97; panpsychism 81, 207n56; property/ event dualism 95; Searle and causal necessitation 62-65; see also Argument from Consciousness; dualism; God; theism; naturalism; panpsychism; physicalism; Searle, John
mental entities/properties/states:
causation 16-18, 185; holism of 44, 200n28; proto-48; sui generis viii, 2, 3, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 23, 33, 59, 64, 82, 83, 89, 102, 110, 130, 131, 135, 139, 140, 141, 142, 175; see also brain; evolution mereological hierarchy 10-24; Clayton and 136, 143, 145, 149-51; 154; Kim and O’Connor and 76, 79, 83; see also naturalism; Clayton, Philip; Kim, Jaegwon; O'Connor, Timothy metaphysics: anthropocentric
subject-matters 2; central dilemma
in 2; descriptive vs. explanatory 207-8n56; essentialism 103; indexcal “I” 167; possibility/ modality 105, 108; principle of simplicity 23, 24-25, 79, 165, 166; science and 169-71; serious; 23-25, 35, 83-84, 114; see also Chisholm, Roderick; Jackson, Frank; ontology micro-macro: constitution 14; relation 18-19; see also mereological hierarchy; supervenience micro-physical 11-14, 18-21, 23, 25, 27, 73, 82, 90, 208n60; see also physical
mind/body problem ix, 54-55, 62, 97, 149, 178; see also dualism; physicalism
mind/brain supervenience 18; see also supervenience
minimal physical duplicate 9-10, 83, 208n76; see also Jackson, Frank; psychological duplicate modal 19-20, 37, 73, 87; argument for substance dualism 85, 91, 132, 184; epistemic vs. metaphysical 45; intuitions 37; skepticism 37; necessity 123; status of Harmony Thesis 205n22, see also metaphysics; ontology, substance dualism moral: point of view 216n7; properties 9, 68-69, 203n43,44; see also mental entities/properties/states; Nagel, Thomas
Murphy, Nancey: physicalism, a hard-core research program 157; 169; science makes dualism implausible 166-68; see also dualism; naturalism; physicalism; science
Nagel, Thomas: emergence of the mental 69; “fear of God’’ (cosmic authority problem) ix, 178-79; Nagel-type reductions 68; panpsychism 48; Searle and 58, 60-62, 64; “solution” 216n7; universal, normative objective reason 216-17n7
naturalism: attempts to deflate, deny, eliminate or reduce ontological matters 5, 15, 28, 31, 35-37, 45, 65, 109, 187, 192, 193, 194, 203n43; central features 3-10; defense of dualism and theism 179-86; dualist literature dismissed 186-90; epistemic attitude 4-6; epistemology 3, 5-6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 21, 22, 24, 25, 59, 64, 95, 109, 161, 162, 164, 166, 176, 199n3; etiological account ix,
3, 64; global vs. local 8; Grand Story 6-8, 9, 12-14, 16, 18, 19, 21-23, 24-25, 29, 30, 33, 34, 35, 59, 96, 128, 139, 141, 142, 142, 151, 154, 199n3, 209n76; hegemony of x, 2, 10, 133; inner logic of ix, 23, 156; ontology ix, 3, 6, 7, 8-10, 11, 13, 14, 19-22, 25-27, 30, 34, 50, 51, 59, 60, 69, 70, 71, 86, 108, 109, 110, 138, 143, 199n3; philosophical monism 7, 192; positive ix, 31, 49, 79, 133, 154, 176; strong ix, 8-9, 10, 22, 115, 117, 118, 120-21, 128, 131, 133, 138-39, 155, 157, 178, 179, 192; weak ix; see also Causal Unity of Nature Thesis; Constitution Thesis; dualism; epistemology; evolution; mental entities/properties/ states; physicalism; O’Connor, Timothy; reductionism
naturalized epistemology see epistemology; naturalism; physicalism
naturalness and theory 29-30, 59, 64, 204n12; see also epistemic appraisal, epistemic values
necessity/necessitation 11; causal 58-65; see also causation; determinism
network theory of meaning 162-63; see also Churchland, Paul
neuroscience 157, 159, 167, 170, 171, 172, 173, 193; see also science
nominalism 108, 206n52 see also naturalism; physicalism
O’Connor, Timothy: ix-x, agent causation (AGC) and 71, 72-73, 74-75, 77-81, 84, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 204n22, 209n88; approaches to properties 152, 206-7n52; Christian theist 71; causal pairing problem 207; consciousness as emergent 34, 87-90; contingent correlations 51; emerging naturalist picture of the world (N) 71, 72-73, 74, 76-77, 82, 83-84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 205n22, 207n56, 208n68; emergent necessitation/contingency 27, 83-87; Harmony Thesis, logical and epistemic status explained 71-74,
83, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 204n22, 208n68; panpsychism 81-83; pre-philosophical intuitions, role and nature 90-94, 209n88; see also agent-causation; dualism; emergent necessitation; naturalism; physicalism
ontologically basic 28-29, 76, 88; see also ontology
ontological simplicity 24, 25, 31, 140, 220n57; see also epistemic values
ontology: categories 12, 59-60; causal criterion of existence 15; constituent 12, 19, 122, 207n52; essence 12-13, 31, 63, 73, 74, 78, 80, 98, 151-52, 158, 160, 182, 203n37; existence 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 15, 22, 23, 32, 36, 37, 38, 60, 61, 101, 139, 184, analysis vs. nature of 8; individual 11, 13,
14, 20, 60, 76, 78, 80, 84, 130, 143, 149, 151, 152, 154, 195n5; individuation 13; particulars ix, 8, 10, 21, 22, 25, 26, 35, 45, 70, 76, 83, 85, 87, 108, 119, 125, 127, 131, 142, 150, 208n76; serious 23-24, 35, 83, 84; shopping-list 12, 13, 24, 137, 139, 140, 151; subject 21, 22, 40, 41, 42, 63-64, 77, 182; see also Chisholm, Roderick; metaphysics; Jackson, Frank
ontological pluralism 12, 143; see also naturalism; physicalism; evolution
Overdetermination 16-19, 197n38; see also determinism; necessity/ necessitation
Panpsychism: as a version of
naturalism 133-34; strong vs. weak 115; theological influence 115, 116, 123, 126; see also McGinn, Colin; naturalism; O’Connor, Timothy; Skrbina, David
Panpsychism in the West 115, 116; see also panpsychism; Skrbina, David
Papineau, David: advocates strong physicalism xiii, 35-36, 56, 193; Autonomy Thesis 166; conduct philosophy within empirical theories 3-4, 5; epistemic methodism 5-6; matter/physical 66; rejects first philosophy 5, 161-62; weak vs. strong naturalism 8, 35, 56, 66, 161-62, 166, 193, 195n7, 196n13, n16, 199n13, 200n29, 202n19, 203n39, 204n19, 214n10, 215n24, 219n50-51, 227; see also empirical; epistemology, philosophy, physicalism
persons 40-41, 42, 43, 50, 70, 74, 78, 80, 152-53, 158, 168, 169, 183, 184, 191, 206n50; see also dualism; self; soul
Persons & Causes 71, 78, 89; see also O’Connor, Timothy phenomenological 41, 42, 92, 136, 146, 215n28
pluralistic emergentist monism ix, 49, 51, 135-37, 154, 156, 199n9; see also Clayton, Philip Philosophia Christi x, 211, 216, 218, 220, 225, 235, 226, 226; see also philosophy; philosophy of religion Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience 159; see also philosophy; neuroscience; science philosophical naturalism see naturalism
philosophy: analytic viii;
Anglo-American philosophy 33, 188; Authority Thesis 159-60; Autonomy Thesis 159-60, 162-66; first vs. second order issues 158-59; science and 166-74; see also philosophy of mind; philosophy of religion philosophy of mind viii, 31, 35, 53-54, 62, 85, 115, 145, 157-63, 166, 169-70, 172-73, 176-79, 185-86, 192, 196n19, 208n72; central issues/ questions 2, 158-59; see also Argument from Consciousness; Churchlands Paul and Patricia; consciousness; Kim, Jaegwon; naturalism, Papineau, David; physicalism
Philosophy of Mind (Kim); see also philosophy of mind philosophy of religion viii, 99, 162, 180, 189; see also philosophy; philosophy of mind physical entities: 14, 32, 34, 35, 38,
45, 59, 64, 76, 83, 85, 108, 132, 200n28; events 14, 16, 17-18, 37, 38, 45, 47, 123, 158, 197n38, 200n19; properties 13, 35, 48, 55, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 94, 107, 141, 144, 158, 197n38, 208n60; states ix-x, 7, 30, 38-39, 45, 47, 51, 53,
58, 66, 68, 69, 172; see also micro-physical; science physicalism: emergent 45, 123; minimal 86; non-reductive 45, 168, 169; scientific research program 169-74; strong or strict form viii, ix, 7, 31, 35, 45, 51, 54, 62, 65, 69, 90, 95, 114, 115, 124, 135, 146, 156-74, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 192, 193; token 45; type 149, 163; weak form 35; see also Kim, Jaegwon; naturalism
Plantinga, Alvin 169-70, 186, 216n7;
see also philosophy of religion pluralistic emergentist monism ix, 49, 51, 135-45ff, 156, 199n9; see also Clayton, Philip
primary or secondary qualities 3, 9,
23, 43, 67-68, 130, 142, 164 principle of sufficient reason 132; see also epistemology; ontology principle of naturalist exemplification 19-20; see also naturalism principle of simplicity see ontology problem of epiphenomenalism 15; see also consciousness; physicalism; Searle, John
properly functioning faculties 190-91;
see also epistemology property entailment and inclusion 39-40; see also Chisholm, Roderick property dualism ix, 38, 44, 55, 71, 103, 133, 141, 156, 172, 185, 192; see also dualism; substance dualism property identity 164, 215n19 property-instances 5, 11, 19-20, 80; see also ontology
propositional knowledge 40, 42, 43;
see also knowledge by acquaintance psychological duplicate 10, 83; see also minimal physical duplicate
qualia 67, 85, 87-88, 105, 132, 146, 171, 203n43, 208n72; see also mental entites/properties/states quantum 20, 126, 129-30; see also science
Rediscovery of the Mind 189, 201n5, 202n20; see also Searle, John reductionism: linguistic 6; Nagel-type 67, 49; naturalistic 2, 23, 24, 31, 35, 90, 179, 200n28; psychological 48; see also naturalism; physicalism
religion viii, 99, 162, 178, 180, 185, 189-9; neurotic physicalism and 177-78; see also Searle, John; theism
Searle, John: AC 55, 58, 59 60, 62, 64, 65, 66, belief in the supernatural 190; biological naturalism 55, 56-58; Cartesian dualism 59; causal explanations 7; contingent correlations 51, 53, 59; emergent (different senses) 88; empirically equivalent views 164-65; epiphenomenal property dualism 56; dismissive rhetorical devices 186-90; future correlation/ideal physics 61, 69; imageability of consciousness 61, 62, 78; intellectuals secularized 190; introspection 63-64; Mackie and 65-66, 68-69; McGinn and 62-65; Nagel and 58-62; philosophy of mind 53-54, 157, 177-78; property dualism 55; self 64; Quentin Smith on 189; unity of science is the unity of all knowledge 4-5; weak naturalist 8, 54 see also Argument from Consciousness; consciousness; contingent correlation; dualism; emergence; philosophy of mind; science; supernatural secularization 179, 189-90; see also Atheism; religion; theism self 8, 48, 64, 77-78, 81, 91, 92-93, 94, 128, 129, 149, 152, 153, 157, 163, 165, 167, 168, 171, 172, 180, 181, 182, 203n37, 217n8, see also first-person perspective; soul self-presenting properties 39-41, 43, 63-64, 102, 163; see also Chisholm, Roderick; first-person perspective; intentionality
science: causal explanations as a kind of causal necessity 25-26; “completeability of physics” 13-14; evidence of x, 139, 146, 148-49, 166, 169; hard 5; natural 4-5, 25, 153; philosophy and 5, 166-74; physical 2, 169; soft; unity of 4, 135; see also physical
scientific: explanation 37, 47-48, 58, 64, 138, 143; knowledge 4-5, 87, 161, 167; materialism 2, 172, 177, 195n5; see also explanation scientism 3-5, 23, 127, 179; see also naturalism; physicalism
Skrbina, David: AC/theism and panpsychism 51, 115-21, 125-26; arguments for panpsychism 116-17; arguments not supportive of panpsychism 121-25; defeaters for defeaters of arguments against panpsychism 126-33; Pierce, C. S. 123; Seager, William 129; Strong, Charles 128; see also Argument from Consciousness; panpsychism spatio-temporal 3, 8, 22, 38, 48, 59, 108, 111 ; see also physical soul 54, 96, 102, 116, 119, 123, 129, 133-34, 137, 143, 147, 156, 157-58, 167, 176, 178, 182, 195n5, 203n37, 219n44; faculty of 167-68; see also person, self
strong physicalism: see physicalism substance dualism 33, 55, 70, 74, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 91, 92, 93-94, 122, 135, 141, 144, 149, 166-68, 170, 172, 175, 179, 180-86, 188, 190, 193, 203n37, 204n3, 204n22, 205n22, 208n68, 209n88, 218n31; thomistic 144, 149, 154, 185, 207n54, 218n22; see also Argument from Consciousness; dualism supernatural 2, 120-21, 148, 189-90;
see also religion; theism supervenience: causal 64 conceptual 18; dependency 45, 123, 137; explanation or solution of vs. label for a problem 9, 59, 150, 193; global 83; levels 13; moral properties 68, 203n44; properties 135; relation 18, 38, 59, 60, 84,
182; strong 84; structural 14, 15,
17, 18, 83; see also emergent supervenience; Kim, Jaegwon Swinburne, Richard x, 32, 60, 69, 182, 186, 199n7-8, 199n17-18, 200n21, 201n40, 202n16, 218n10,n31, 219n31, 228; see also Argument from Consciousness; philosophy of religion; theism
theism 28, 29, 33, 51, 59, 66, 84, 110, 153, 179; arguments/evidence/ justification for viii-x, 1, 2, 33, 38, 59, 64-65, 68-69, 104, 112, 113, 118-21, 125-26, 131, 138, 143, 188, 191, 203n44; Christian 33,
177, 186, 211n13, 213n50; atheism and 191; critique/dismissal of 179-80,
189; dualism and argumentation 179-86; emergent 123, 134, 137-38; explanatory power/presence/ resources of 2, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 68, 79, 85, 109, 128, 131-33, 135, 156, 192, 199n3; finite 134; ordinary response of the persons to creation 191; panpsychism and 48, 49, 115, 118-21, 124, 125-26; 128, 131-32; persons and 33; see also Atheism, God; religion theistic dualism ix-x; 96, 98-99, 102-5, 107, 110, 124, 138-39, 141-42, 145, 152, 154; see also Argument from Consciousness; dualism The Mysterious Flame 179; see also McGinn, Colin; panpsychism theory acceptance/adjudication basicality 28-29; epistemic values 30-31; naturalness 29-30; see also epistemic appraisal third-person perspective 4-5, 10, 25, 31, 34-35, 49, 89, 94, 122, 134, 140, 158, 162-65, 182, 202n20, 215n18; see also first-person perspective; naturalness and theory
thought experiments 85-87, 91, 146-47, 159, 163, 166, 173, 183, 208n72; see also conceivability
unified subject (“I”) 21, 38-39, 127, 128, 129, 171, 180-83, 191; see also property dualism; substance dualism
universals 8, 75, 78-80, 84, 108, 116, 122, 147, 160, 191, 206-7n52, 216n7; see also mental entities/ properties/states; nominalism; qualia
world: actual 10, 26, 35, 84, 87, 105, 132, 148, 173, 205n22, 208n76; possible 26, 46, 73, 84, 87, 105, 110, 132, 146, 160, 180-81, 197n38, 205n22; see also conceivability,
worldview viii-ix, 2-3, 14, 21, 26-28, 34-35, 51, 54, 60, 90, 110, 115, 118-19, 133, 138, 140, 154, 156, 176, 186, 188, 190, 193, 199n3, 213n50; see also atheism; naturalism; theism