This bibliography, though comprehensive, makes no claim to completeness. I refer the reader to the bibliography published by the Wiener Library in London, From Weimar to Hitler: Germany 1918–1933 (2nd, rev. and enlarged ed., 1964). Here I have concentrated on books and articles I found useful, interesting, or for. some reason important. I have appended brief evaluations to most if not all the entries and, for the reader’s convenience, given the titles in English wherever possible, even thought I normally used the German original. For the reader’s convenience, also, I have subdivided the bibliography into sections, but these are only intended as rough divisions, imposing a degree of order on a vast pile of materials.
This book owes much to interviews and exchanges of letters with students and survivors of Weimar. For a list of names, see the preface, p. xv.
Barlach, Ernst, Leben und Werk in seinen Briefen, ed. Friedrich Dross (1952).
Beckmann, Max, Briefe im Kriege, collected by Minna Tube (2nd ed., 1955). Shows evolution of his style.
Benjamin, Walter, Briefe, 2 vols., ed. Gershom Sholem and Theodor Adorno (1966).
Freud, Sigmund, A Psycho-Analytical Dialogue: The Letters of Sigmund Freud and Karl Abraham, 1907–1926, ed. Hilda C. Abraham and Ernst L. Freud, tr. Bernard Marsh and Hilda C. Abraham (1965). Instructive on German developments.
George, Stefan, Briefwechsel zwischen George und Hofmannsthal, ed. Robert Boehringer (2nd ed., 1953).
——, Stefan George-Friedrich Gundolf Briefwechsel, ed. Robert Boehringer (1962). Remarkably revealing of the relationship, and Gundolf’s wartime chauvinism.
Goll, Iwan, and Claire Goll, Briefe, foreword by Kasimir Edschmid (1966).
Hofmannsthal, Hugo von, Helene von Nostitz, Briefwechsel, ed. Oswalt von Nostitz (1965).
——, Edgar Karg von Bebenburg, Briefwechsel, ed. Mary E. Gilbert (1966).
——, Arthur Schnitzler, Briefwechsel, ed. Therese Nickl and Heinrich Schnitzler (1964). All highly important, carefully written, showing the development of an exquisite mind, and, quite incidentally, the importance of Berlin.
Landauer, Gustav, Sein Lebensgang in Briefen, 2 vols., ed. Martin Buber (1929).
Mann, Heinrich, Briefe an Karl Lemke, 1917–1949 (1963).
Mann, Thomas, Briefe, 1889–1936, ed. Erika Mann (1962). Though instructive, the editing is too delicate to permit a full insight.
——, Thomas Mann–Heinrich Mann: Briefwechsel, 1900–1949 (1965). The two hostile brothers, face to face.
Meinecke, Friedrich, Ausgewählter Briefwechsel, ed. Ludwig Dehio and Peter Classen (1962). Important though (especially the replies of Siegfried A. Kaehler) sometimes depressing.
Mendelsohn, Erich, Briefe eines Architekten, ed. Oskar Beyer (1961). Articulate on his Expressionist philosophy of architecture.
Nolde, Emil, Briefe aus den Jahren 1894–1926, ed. Max Sauerlandt (1927).
Rathenau, Walther, Briefe, 2 vols. (4th ed., 1927).
——, Politische Briefe (1929). Of considerable importance.
Rilke, Rainer Maria, Gesammelte Briefe, 6 vols., ed. Ruth Sieber-Rilke and Carl Sieber (1936–1939).
——, Briefe, 2 vols., ed. Karl Altheim (1950). The more accessible but less complete edition.
Spengler, Oswald, Briefe, 1913–1936, ed. Anton M. Koktanek (1963). There is an English abridgment of this abridgment, by Arthur Helps (1966), but it is not recommended; the originals convey Spengler’s mentality and working habits quite well.
Tucholsky, Kurt, Ausgewählte Briefe, 1913–1935, ed. Mary Gerold-Tucholsky and Fritz J. Raddatz (1962). Though not complete, biting, often brilliant reading.
Wolff, Kurt, Briefwechsel eines Verlegers, 1911–1963 (1966). Revealing letters of a progressive publisher who knew everyone and published some of the best.
Wolfskehl, Karl, Briefe und Aufsätze, München 1925–1933, ed. Margot Ruben (1966). Letters, which have much on Stefan George, are on pp. 19–181.
Zweig, Stefan: Stefan Zweig, and Friderike Zweig: Their Correspondence, 1912–1942, tr. and ed. Henry G. Alsberg (1954). Though not always felicitous in translation, very moving.
Alexander, Franz, The Western Mind in Transition: An Eyewitness Story (1960). Partly autobiography, partly biography of the psychoanalytical movement.
Baum, Vicki, Es war alles ganz anders: Erinnerungen (1962). Title—It Was All Quite Different—is revealing; candid, naïve, helplessly middlebrow, but gives good picture of the Ullstein industry.
Bebel, August, Aus meinem Leben, 3 vols. (1910–1914). Classic reminiscences by the great Social Democratic Party leader before World War I.
Beckmann, Max, Leben in Berlin: Tagebuch, 1908–9, ed. Hans Kinkel (1966). With excellent annotations.
Beloch, Karl Julius (see below under Steinberg).
Below, Georg von (see below under Steinberg).
Benn, Gottfried, Doppelleben, in Gesammelte Werke, 4 vols., ed. Dieter Wellershoff (1958–1961), IV, 69–176. Unconsciously revealing self-portrait by the right-wing Expressionist poet. Selected writings of Benn, under the title Primal Vision, ed. E. B. Ashton (1958), are available in fluent English.
Bernauer, Rudolf, Das Theater meines Lebens: Erinnerungen (1955). Supplies a corrective to the Jessner cult.
Bismarck, Otto von, Gedanken und Erinnerungen, 3 vols. (1921 ed.). Celebrated reminiscences which have been much studied; to be used with discretion.
Bonn, M. J., Wandering Scholar (1949). Splendid autobiography of a liberal and sensible economist.
Brecht, Arnold, Aus nächster Nähe: Lebenserinnerungen 1884–1927 (1966). Acute observations of a highly placed democratic public servant.
Brentano, Lujo, Mein Leben (1931). Recollections by an influential and interesting German economist—a “Socialist of the Chair,” who was both a liberal and a patriot.
Ebert, Friedrich, Schriften, Aufzeichnungen, Reden, ed. Paul Kampffmeyer (1926). Posthumous collection of the papers of Weimar’s first president; a limited but honest and vigorous man.
Ernst, Max, “An Informal Life of M. E.,” in William S. Lieberman, ed. Max Ernst (1961), 7–24. This autobiography is as surrealistic as are Ernst’s paintings.
Graf, Oskar Maria, Gelächter von Aussen: Aus meinem Leben, 1918–1933 (1966).
Glum, Friedrich, Zwischen Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Politik: Erlebtes und Erdachtes in vier Reichen (1964). Pious, stodgy, but helpfully detailed.
Groener, Wilhelm, Lebenserinnerungen, ed. Friedrich Freiherr Hiller von Gaertringen (1957). A crucially important military man in Weimar.
Grosz, George, A Little Yes and a Big No (1946). Worthy companion to his graphic work.
Guthmann, Johannes, Goldene Frucht: Begegnungen mit Menschen, Gärten und Häusern (1955). Wealthy connoisseur with excellent connections among artists and publishers.
Haas, Willy, Die literarische Welt: Erinnerungen (1960 ed.). Excellent, if rather brief, recollections of a critic and editor.
Hartmann, Heinz, “Reminiscences,” Oral History Collection, Columbia University (1963). Some passages on the German psychoanalytical scene.
Hasenclever, Walter, “Autobiographisches,” in Walter Hasenclever, Gedichte, Dramen, Prosa, ed. Kurt Pinthus (1963), 501–508.
Hauptmann, Gerhart, Die grossen Beichten (1966). Collects his earlier autobiographies, Das Abenteuer meiner Jugend and Buch der Leidenschaft, with added, hitherto unpublished material on his private life. Pretentious and disappointing, but not without value.
Heuss, Theodor, Erinnerungen, 1905–1933 (1963). Recollections of a good German; associate of Friedrich Naumann and foe of Hitler.
Hollaender, Friedrich, Von Kopf bis Fuss (1965). Memoirs by a popular composer.
Jäckh, Ernst, Weltsaat: Erlebtes und Erstrebtes (1960). A little fanciful, but filled with valuable material on the Berlin Hochschule für Politik, and efforts at world peace.
Kästner, Erich, “Meine sonnige Jugend,” in Kästner für Erwachsene (1966), 527–528.
Kessler, Harry Graf, Tagebücher, 1918–1937 (1961). Invaluable; a wealthy aesthete, aristocrat, and democratic politician, Kessler wrote about everyone with enormous bite. At times the dramatist conquers the historian, but Only at times. (For some criticisms, see Glum, above.) Portions of Kessler’s diary have been translated by Sarah Gainham, and published in Encounter, XXIX, 1 (July 1967), 3–17; 2 (August 1967), 7–17; 3 (September 1967), 17–28.
Köstler, Arthur, Arrow in the Blue: An Autobiography (1952). Lucid on the late Weimar atmosphere.
Kortner, Fritz, Alter Tage Abend (1959). A great, politically conscious actor reminisces, to excellent effect.
Kühlmann, Richard von, Erinnerungen (1948).
Loewenstein, Rudolph M., “Reminiscences,” Oral History Collection, Columbia University (1965). Short but instructive pages on psychoanalysis in Berlin to 1925.
Mann, Heinrich, Ein Zeitalter wird besichtigt (1945). Somewhat disappointing; the essays (see below in section II) are more interesting.
Mann, Klaus, The Turning Point: Thirty-Five Years in this Century (1942). Sensitive; interesting for the reactions of a brilliant, ambitious young man to the literary world around him.
Mann, Thomas, A Sketch of my Life (1960).
Mann, Viktor, Wir waren fünf: Bildnis der Familie Mann (1949). Precisely what the subtitle claims: a family portrait.
Marcuse, Ludwig, Mein zwanzigstes Jahrhundert: Auf dem Weg zu einer Autobiographie (1960). Strenuously informal but very instructive.
Mayer, Gustav, Erinnerungen: Vom Journalisten zum Historiker der deutschen Arbeiterbewegung (1949). Memoirs of a Jewish academic intellectual, author (among other books) of an important bulky biography of Engels.
Mehring, Walter, Die verlorene Bibliothek: Autobiographie einer Kultur (rev. ed., 1964; earlier English edition, The Lost Library, 1946). Lyrical reminiscences of the political poet in the form of a conversation with his beloved books.
Meinecke, Friedrich, Erlebtes, 1862–1901 (1941).
——, Strassburg, Freiburg, Berlin, 1901–1919 (1949). Deserve to be read in conjunction with the correspondence.
Nabokov, Vladimir, Speak Memory (1951). Some good pages on Berlin in the twenties.
Nolde, Emil, Das eigene Leben (2nd ed., Christian Wolff, 1949).
——, Jahre der Kämpfe (2nd ed., Christian Wolff, 1958). These two volumes take his life down to 1914; prejudiced.
Noske, Gustav, Von Kiel bis Kapp (1920).
——, Aufstieg und Niedergang der deutschen Sozialdemokratie (1947). Reminiscences, necessarily defensive, by the self-styled “bloodhound” of the Republic.
Osborn, Max, Der Bunte Spiegel: Erinnerungen aus dem Kunst-, Kultur-, und Geistesleben der Jahre 1890 bis 1933 (1945). Recollections of an influential drama critic.
Piper, Reinhard, Mein Leben als Verleger (1964), incorporating two earlier autobiographies, Vormittag (1947) and Nachmittag (1950).
Rachfahl, Felix (see below under Steinberg).
Reik, Theodor, “Reminiscences,” Oral History Collection, Columbia University (1965).
Scheidemann, Philipp, Memoiren eines Sozialdemokraten, 2 vols. (1928). Important reminiscences by a key actor in the revolution.
Schnabel, Artur, My Life and Music (1961). A collection of autobiographical talks given at the University of Chicago in 1945.
Schoenberger, Franz, Confessions of a European Intellectual (1946).
——, The Inside Story of an Outsider (1949). Valuable memoirs by the editor of Simplicissimus; the title of the latter helped me to formulate my thesis.
Steinberg, Sigfrid, Die Geschichtswissenschaft der Gegenwart in Selbstdarstellungen, 2 vols. (1925–1926). Part of a larger enterprise of enlisting autobiographical articles from prominent German intellectuals; this set includes the autobiographies of such historians as Karl Julius Beloch, Georg von Below, Felix Rachfahl (which I quote in the text), and many others.
Straus, Rahel, Wir lebten in Deutschland: Erinnerungen einer deutschen Jüdin, 1880–1933, ed. Max Kreutzberger (1961). The first German woman doctor—and a Jew—recounts her life.
Stresemann, Gustav, Vermächtnis. Der Nachlass in drei Bänden, ed. Henry Bernhard (1932–1923). A problematic legacy; see Hans W. Gatzke, “The Stresemann Papers,” Journal of Modern History, XXVI (1954), 49–59.
Susman, Margarete, Ich habe viele Leben gelebt. Erinnerungen (1964). An intellectual, a Jew and a woman, yet close to the George circle, as well as other poets and writers.
Toller, Ernst, “Eine Jugend in Deutschland” and “Briefe aus dem Gefängnis,” in Toller, Prosa, Briefe, Dramen, Gedichte, preface by Kurt Hiller (1961), pp. 25–234. Informal, enormously interesting recollections by the tragic Expressionist figure.
Ullstein, Heinz, Spielplatz meines Lebens: Erinnerungen (1961). Totally superficial, but instructive, recollections of a member of the great publishing empire, himself indifferent to publishing.
Walter, Bruno, Theme and Variations; An Autobiography, tr. James A. Galston (1946). Innocent, reticent, good on cultural life.
Wassermann, Jakob, Mein Weg als Deutscher und Jude (1921). Important testimony to an attempt to be both a German and a Jew.
Wolff, Kurt, Autoren, Bücher, Abenteuer: Betrachtungen und Erinnerungen eines Verlegers (1965). Informal broadcasts and essays.
Zuckmayer, Carl, Als Wär’s ein Stück von mir (1966). Enormous in its vitality, this book covers the whole cultural and much of the political front of the twenties. Magnificent.
Zweig, Stefan, The World of Yesterday (1953). Important, nostalgic.
This section includes general histories, histories of specific subjects or cities, analyses of social structure and change, political thought and general philosophy, studies of the youth movements, the universities, the schools, the various specialized institutes including psychoanalysis, monographs, and biographies of leading figures.
Abraham, Karl, “Die Psychoanalyse als Erkenntnisquelle für die Geisteswissenschaften,” Neue Rundschau, XXXI, part 2 (1920), 1154–1174. One of the first summaries of psychoanalysis addressed to the general (cultivated) public.
Anderson, Evelyn, Hammer or Anvil (1945). History of the German labor movement from a radical position.
Angress, Werner T., Stillborn Revolution: The Communist Bid for Power in Germany, 1921–1923 (1963). Detailed account.
Arendt, Hannah, The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951).
Aron, Raymond, German Sociology (1936; trs. Mary and Thomas Bottomore, 1964). Brief and suggestive survey.
Aster, Ernst von, “Metaphysik des Nationalismus,” Neue Rundschau, XLIII, part 1 (1932), 40–52. Good analysis of right-wing thought of the moment.
——, “Othmar Spanns Gesellschaftsphilosophie,” Die Gesellschaft, VII, part 2 (1930), 230–241. Excellent, caustic study of a right-wing “thinker.”
Ausnahmezustand, ed. Wolfgang Weyrauch (1966). Generous anthology culled from the Weltbühne and the Tagebuch, marred by a poetic introduction and lack of precise dates.
Baum, Marie, Leuchtende Spur: Das Leben Ricarda Huchs (1950). Adulatory but not useless biography of the decent conservative writer and historian.
Below, Georg, Die deutsche Geschichtsschreibung von den Befreiungskriegen bis zu unseren Tagen: Geschichte und Kulturgeschichte (1916). A history of history in Germany, by a reactionary both in political and professional questions.
Bendix, Reinhard, Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait (1962). More an extensive summary of Weber’s vast output than a portrait, but valuable in that respect.
Bergsträsser, Ludwig, Geschichte der politischen Parteien in Deutschland (11th ed., by Wilhelm Mommsen, 1965). A standard work with parts IV and V of particular relevance here.
Berichte der deutschen Hochschule für Politik, VIII, No. 7 (October 1930), 113–129. Reports tenth anniversary celebrations.
Bernstein, Eduard, Die deutsche Revolution (1921). Sad but fair history of the revolution by an independent-minded Socialist.
Besson, Waldemar, “Friedrich Meinecke und die Weimarer Republik,” Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, VII (1959), 113–129. Discriminating and critical.
Böhme, Helmut, Deutschlands Weg zur Grossmacht (1966). Penetrating recent analysis of Germany’s rise to power in the mid-nineteenth century; uses modern techniques of investigation.
Bracher, Karl Dietrich, Deutschland zwischen Demokratie und Diktatur: Beiträge zur neueren Politik und Geschichte (1964). A collection of important essays by Germany’s foremost modern historian. (See also below under The Path to Dictatorship).
——, Die Auflösung der Weimarer Republik: Eine Studie zum Problem des Machtverfalls in der Demokratie (1955). The opening sections of this masterly work are relevant to the end of Weimar.
——, Wolfgang Sauer, and Gerhard Schulz, Die nationalsozialistische Machtergreifung: Studien zur Errichtung des totalitären Herrschafts-systems in Deutschland, 1933–1934 (1960). Pp. 1–368, by Bracher, deal with the structure of Weimar, its fall, the “legal” seizure of power, and the first year of Nazi rule. First-rate.
——, Die Entstehung der Weimarer Verfassung (1963). A short introduction followed by the Weimar Constitution.
Brackmann, Albert, “Kaiser Friedrich in ‘mythischer Schau,’” Historische Zeitschrift, CXXXX (1929), 534–549; “Nachwort,” ibid., CXXXXI (1930), 472–478. A review of Ernst Kantorowicz’s Kaiser Friedrich der 11. and a reply to Kantorowicz’s response.
Brecht, Arnold, Federalism and Regionalism in Germany: The Division of Prussia (1945). Discusses plans to break up Prussia; with maps.
——, Prelude to Silence: The End of the German Republic (1944).
——, “Bureaucratic Sabotage,” Annals of the American Academy of Political Science, CLXXIX (January 1937), 48–57. The classic article on this subject.
Briefs, Goetz, “Das gewerbliche Proletariat,” Grundriss der Sozialökonomik, Division IX, “Das soziale System des Kapitalismus,” part 1, “Die gesellschaftliche Schichtung im Kapitalismus” (1926), 142–240. A pioneering part of a pioneering sociological volume, typical of the best Weimar work. (See also below, under Brinkmann, Lederer and Marschak, and Michels.)
Brinkmann, Carl, “Die Umformung der kapitalistischen Gesellschaft in geschichtlicher Darstellung,” Grundriss der Sozialökonomik, IX, 2, pp. 1–21. (See just above.)
——, “Die Aristokratie im kapitalistischen Zeitalter,” ibid., 22–34. (See above.)
Bullock, Alan, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny (rev. ed., 1964). A very full biography.
Bussmann, Walter, Treitschke: Sein Welt- und Geschichtsbild (1952).
——, “Siegfried A. Kaehler: Ein Gedenkvortrag,” Historische Zeitschrift, CLXXXXVIII (1964), 346–360.
Carsten, F. L., The Reichswehr and Politics, 1918–1933 (German in 1964; English version, slightly different, 1966). A very valuable survey.
Cassirer, Toni, Aus meinem Leben mit Ernst Cassirer (1950). Sometimes petulant but usually interesting.
Conze, Werner, “Brünings Politik unter dem Druck der grossen Krise,” Historische Zeitschrift, CIC (1964), 529–550. Excellent essay by a specialist in the late Weimar period.
Craig, Gordon, The Politics of the Prussian Army (1955). Fine general history; chapters 8 to 11 deal with the world war and the Republic. (See also above under Carsten.)
——, From Bismarck to Adenauer: Aspects of German Statecraft (rev. ed., 1965). Lucid lectures on German foreign ministers and policy.
——, “Engagement and Neutrality in Weimar Germany,” Journal of Contemporary History, II, 2 (April 1967), 49–63. Analyzes the attitudes of some Weimar writers to politics.
Curtius, Ernst Robert, Deutscher Geist in Gefahr (1932). A collection of articles collected as a call to conscience, reason, and humanity, by a distinguished German scholar.
Dahrendorf, Ralf, Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society (4th ed., 1965). General, non-Marxist view of modern society, including Germany, by a brilliant German sociologist.
——, Society and Democracy in Germany (1965; tr. by the author, 1967). Severe, disciplined, honest sociological analysis of the “German question”; perhaps the best book to come out of Germany in ten years.
Dehio, Ludwig, Germany and World Politics in the Twentieth Century, tr. Dieter Pevsner (1959). A splendid collection of essays, generally done in the 1950s, re-examining German imperialism, Germany’s sense of mission, the Versailles Treaty; includes a respectful but devastating piece on “Ranke and German Imperialism.” Indispensable.
——, The Precarious Balance: Four Centuries of the European Power Struggle (1948; tr. Charles Fullman, 1962). Seeks to place Germany’s urge for expansion in the European state system.
Dorpalen, Andreas, Hindenburg and the Weimar Republic (1964). A clear study.
——, “The German Historians and Bismarck,” Review of Politics, XV, 1 (January 1953), 53–67. Assesses the large Bismarck literature.
——, “Historiography as History: The Work of Gerhard Ritter,” Journal of Modern History, XXXIV, 1 (March 1962), 1–18.
Epstein, Klaus, Matthias Erzberger and the Dilemma of German Democracy (1959). An important political biography by the late German-American historian.
Eschenburg, Theodor, Die improvisierte Demokratie: Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Weimarer Republik (1963). A collection of political essays on Weimar by a veteran observer, largely on leading personalities like Stresemann, Papen, Brüning, and others.
Eyck, Erich, Bismarck and the German Empire (1963, a translation and abridgment of a larger German work).
——, A History of the Weimar Republic, 2 vols. (1956; tr. Harlan P. Hanson and Robert L. G. Waite, 1962–1964). Indispensable political history by an intelligent and judicious liberal.
Feldman, Gerald D., Army, Industry and Labor, 1914–18 (1966). An excellent monograph on a neglected subject.
Fischer, Fritz, Griff nach der Weltmacht: Die Kriegszielpolitik des kaiserlichen Deutschlands, 1914–18 (3rd, rev. ed., 1964). The celebrated controversial examination of Germany’s aggressive war aims; though somewhat obsessive, thoroughly documented. (See also below under Gatzke.)
——, “Der deutsche Protestantismus und die Politik im 19. Jahrhundert,” Historische Zeitschrift, CLXXI, 3 (May 1951), 473–518. (See also below under Holborn.)
Flexner, Abraham, Universities: American, English, German (1930). A pioneering comparative survey; generous but not uncritical.
Frank, Philipp, Einstein: His Life and Times (1947). Solid biography of Germany’s greatest scientist and most famous exile.
Freisel, Ludwig, Das Bismarckbild des Alldeutschen Verbandes von 1890 bis 1933: Ein Beitrag zum Bismarckverständnis des deutschen Nationalismus (1964). Instructive monograph on political perception.
Frobenius, Else, Mit uns zieht die neue Zeit: Eine Geschichte der deutschen Jugendbewegung (1927). Ecstatic but informative; as much a symptom as a history of the youth movement. (See also below under Laqueur.)
Freud, Sigmund, “The Resistances to Psycho-Analysis” (1925). Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, XIX (1961), 213–224. Relevant to the situation of psychoanalysis in early Weimar. (See also above under Hartmann and Loewenstein.)
Fromm, Erich, The Dogma of Christ and Other Essays on Religion, Psychology, and Culture (1966 ed.). Contains Fromm’s then subversive essay on Christ (1930).
——, Escape from Freedom (1941). A still important, though controversial, attempt to interpret the psychology of Nazism as an escape from the burdens imposed by freedom.
Gatzke, Hans W., Germany’s Drive to the West: A Study of Germany’s Western War Aims During the First World War (1950). (See also above under Fischer.)
——, Stresemann and the Rearmament of Germany (1954). Both are dependable studies.
Gay, Peter, The Dilemma of Democratic Socialism: Eduard Bernstein’s Challenge to Marx (1952). An intellectual biography of the veteran Revisionist Socialist who came to oppose the war, and lived through the Weimar Republic. (See below under Schorske.)
Geiger, Theodor, Die soziale Schichtung des deutschen Volkes (1932). A pioneering, still valuable attempt, from an independent Marxist standpoint, to analyze Germany’s social structure; especially its analysis of the rise of Nazism remains important.
Gilbert, Felix, “European and American Historiography,” in John Higham, with Leonard Krieger and Felix Gilbert, History (1965), 315–387. A brilliant study of twentieth-century European historians, somewhat more favorable to Meinecke than I am in the text.
Goetz, Walter, Historiker in meiner Zeit: Gesammelte Aufsätze (1957). Important essays on modern German historians and the modern German profession of history by a democratic cultural historian.
Goodspeed, D. J., Ludendorff: Genius of World War I (1966).
Gordon, Harold J., The Reichswehr and the German Republic, 1919– 1926 (1957). (See above under Carsten and Craig.)
Grabowsky, Adolf, and Walther Koch, eds., Die freideutsche Jugendbewegung: Ursprung and Zukunft (1920). An interesting collection of essays, including one by Paul Tillich on youth and religion, others on the relationship of youth to the state and to sex.
Groener-Geyer, Dorothea, General Groener: Soldat und Staatsmann (1954). Apologetic though informative; excellent appendix with documents.
Grünberg, Carl, Festrede, gehalten zur Einweihung des Instituts für Sozialforschung … Juni 22, 1924, Frankfurter Universitätsreden, XX (1924). A candid Marxist view of the Institute’s function. (See also below under Horkheimer.)
Gumbel, Emil Julius, Zwei Jahre Mord (1921).
——, Vier Jahre politischer Mord (1922).
——, Verräter verfallen der Feme (1929).
——, Lasst Köpfe rollen (1932). An invaluable, wholly reliable series of studies on political assassination during the Republic.
Habermas, Jürgen, Strukturwandlung der Öffentlichkeit: Untersuchungen zu einer Kategorie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft (2nd ed., 1965). An important analysis of changes in the concept and significance of public opinion.
Halévy, Elie, The Era of Tyrannies (1938; tr. R. K. Webb, 1965). Includes that great historian’s great essay on “The World Crisis of 1914–1918: An Interpretation” (1929), pp. 209–247.
Halperin, S. William, Germany Tried Democracy: A Political History of the Reich from 1918 to 1933 (1946). Its subtitle is just; the book is a dependable, clearly written account of political developments in the Republic. I found it useful in compiling my short history.
Hamerow, Theodore S., Restoration, Revolution, Reaction: Economics and Politics in Germany, 1815–1871 (1958). Useful survey of German history in the period before and during Bismarck’s rise to power.
Hampe, K., “Das neueste Lebensbild Kaiser Friedrichs II.,” Historische Zeitschrift, CXXXXVI (1932), 441–475. A discriminating, critical review of Ernst Kantorowicz’s great biography.
Hannover, H. and E., Politische Justiz, 1918–1933 (1966). An unsparing analysis of “political justice” in the Weimar Republic. Depressing but essential.
Hartenstein, Wolfgang, Die Anfänge der deutschen Volkspartei, 1918–1920 (1962). A modern monograph of the kind the Germans are now beginning to write. (See also below under Morsey.)
Heidegger, Martin, Die Selbstbehauptung der deutschen Universität, Freiburger Universitätsreden, XI (1933). The notorious inaugural speech Heidegger gave as rector of Freiburg after the Nazis had come to power; his apologists have spent as much time explaining it away as they have explaining his difficult philosophical thought.
Heuss, Theodor, Friedrich Naumann: Der Mann, Das Werk, Die Zeit (1937). An important biography of the democratic imperialist.
——, Hitlers Weg: Eine historisch-politische Studie über den Nationalsozialismus (1932). Ironic and prophetic.
——, Robert Bosch: Leben und Leistung (1946). Biography of a progressive industrialist.
Hiller, Kurt, Köpfe und Tröpfe: Profile aus einem Vierteljahrhundert (1950). Outspoken, delightfully frank profiles.
Hofstadter, Richard, “The Paranoid Style in American Politics,” in The Paranoid Style in American Politics and Other Essays (1965), 3–40. Illuminating by extension for German politics, too.
Holborn, Hajo, The Political Collapse of Europe (1951). A concentrated, rich analysis of the political fate of Europe before and after World War I.
——, “Protestantismus und politische Ideengeschichte,” Historische Zeitschrift, CXXXXIV (1931), 15–30.
——, “Der deutsche Idealismus in sozialgeschichtlicher Beleuchtung,” Historische Zeitschrift, CLXXIV (October 1952), 359–384. A justly influential article concentrating on the origins of the separation of Germany from the West at the turn of the nineteenth century.
Horkheimer, Max, Die gegenwärtige Lage der Sozialphilosophie und die Aufgaben eines Instituts für Sozialforschung, Frankfurter Universitätsreden, XXXVII (1931). Important but already somewhat Aesopian. (See also above under Grünberg.)
——, ed., Studien über Autorität und Familie (1936). A famous collective volume done by the members of the Institut für Sozialforschung in French exile, with articles by Horkheimer, Erich Fromm, Herbert Marcuse, and others.
Hühnerfeld, Paul, In Sachen Heidegger (1961). Lucid, well-tempered, devastating critique of Heidegger.
International Institute of Social History: A Short Description of its History and Aims (n.d., 1935?).
International Institute of Social History: A Report on its History, Aims and Activities, 1933–1938 (n.d., 1939?). Both informative reports of the Institut für Sozialforschung, prepared in New York; but rather toning down its Marxist slant.
Jäckh, Ernst, ed., Politik als Wissenschaft: Zehn Jahre deutsche Hochschule für Politik (1931). An anniversary volume.
Joll, James, The Second International, 1889–1914 (1955). Lucid but excessively weary in tone.
——, Three Intellectuals in Politics (1960). One of the three—a good essay, by the way—is Rathenau (pp. 57–129).
Jones, Ernest, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, 3 vols. (1953–1957). The last volume has some (but not enough) material on psychoanalysis in Weimar Germany.
Kampffmeyer, Paul, Fritz Ebert (1923). A short appreciation.
Kantorowicz, Ernst, Kaiser Friedrich der II., 2 vols. (1927, 1931).
——, “‘Mythenschau,’ Eine Erwiderung,” Historische Zeitschrift, CXXXXI (1930), 457–471. A reply to Albert Brackmann’s review of his great book. (See above under Brackmann.)
Kehr, Eckart, Schlachtflottenbau und Parteipolitik, 1894–1901 (1930). The celebrated dissertation tying the German naval rearmament program to domestic economic pressures.
——, Der Primat der Innenpolitik: Gesammelte Aufsätze zur preussisch-deutschen Sozialgeschichte im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert, ed. Hans-Ulrich Wehler (1965). Wehler’s introduction gives an appreciative biography and a vigorous—too vigorous—defense; the articles, on the Prussian bureaucracy and other touchy subjects, are often highly original and deeply penetrating.
Kessler, Harry Graf, Walther Rathenau: Sein Leben und sein Werk (1929; English version, 1930; see reprint [1963?] with long postscript by Hans Fürstenberg). Lucid biography of an enigmatic and profoundly contradictory statesman and Utopian.
Kiaulehn, Walther, Berlin: Schicksal einer Weltstadt (1958). Though a deliberately popular account of Berlin in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, very informative and rich.
Kindt, Werner, Grundschriften der deutschen Jugendbewegung (1963). Intelligent and comprehensive compilation from the vast amount of writings on the youth movement; I have used it freely.
Klemperer, Klemens von, Germany’s New Conservatism: Its History and Dilemma in the Twentieth Century (1957). An excellent survey of right-wing thinking.
Knowles, David, “The Monumenta Germaniae Historica,” in Great Historical Enterprises and Problems in Monastic History (1963), 63–97. A fascinating account of nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century German historical scholarship.
Koplin, Raimund, Carl von Ossietzky als politischer Publizist (1964).
Krieger, Leonard, The German Idea of Freedom: History of a Political Tradition (1957). An important history of the relation of ideas to politics in Germany.
Krill, Hans-Heinz, Die Ranke-Renaissance: Max Lenz und Erich Marcks (1962). Excellent study of two Ranke epigoni and the political consequences of their work.
Krockow, Christian Graf von, Die Entscheidung: Eine Untersuchung über Ernst Jünger, Carl Schmitt, Martin Heidegger (1958). A comparative study of three “philosophical” irrationalists, all of whom had some affinities for the Nazis.
Kurucz, Jenö, Struktur und Funktion der Intelligenz während der Weimarer Republik (1967). Abstract but suggestive short analysis of the sociological situation of the intellectual in the Republic.
Lampl-de Groot, Jeanne, “Die Entwicklung der Psychoanalyse in Deutschland bis 1933,” Ansprachen und Vorträge zur Einweihung des Instituts-Neubaues am 14. Oktober 1964, Sigmund Freud Institut, Frankfurt am Main (n.d., 1964). Very sketchy; only a beginning.
Laqueur, Walter Z., Young Germany: A History of the German Youth Movement (1962). A sure guide through a bewildering field.
——, and George L. Mosse, eds., The Coming of the First World War (1966). A series of articles.
Laue, Theodore von, Leopold Ranke: The Formative Years (1950). An excellent brief study.
Lederer, Emil, and Jakob Marschak, “Der neue Mittelstand,” Grundriss der Sozialökonomik, IX, part 1 (1926), 120–141. (See above under Briefs.)
Leipart, Theodor, Carl Legien (1929). Biography of the outstanding German labor leader.
Lenz, Max, and Erich Marcks, eds., Der Weltkrieg im Spiegel Bismarckischer Gedanken (1915). A wartime patriotic collection showing how the spirit of Bismarck lived after, or was used after, his death.
Lilge, Frederic, The Abuse of Learning: The Failure of the German University (1948). A devastating survey.
Loewenthal, Leo, “German Popular Biographies: Culture’s Bargain Counter,” in The Critical Spirit: Essays in Honor of Herbert Marcuse, ed. Kurt H. Wolff and Barrington Moore, Jr. (1967), 267–283. An interesting content analysis of biographies by Stefan Zweig and others, showing their easy superlatives, cheap optimism, and intellectual shoddiness.
Mann, Golo, Deutsche Geschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts (1966 ed.). Vigorous, informal, antiauthoritarian, interesting.
Mann, Heinrich, Essays (1960 ed.). This edition contains his most provocative performances, including the early “Voltaire-Goethe,” “Zola,” which so embittered his brother Thomas, and essays done in the 1920s. Of great importance.
Mannheim, Karl, Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge, ed. Paul Kecskemeti (1952). A convenient collection, in translation, of some of Mannheim’s most important sociological essays written during the Weimar period, surrounding his Ideology and Utopia.
Masur, Gerhard, Prophets of Yesterday: Studies in European Culture, 1890–1914 (1961). Deals with a crucial period in European history; Masur’s exposition is not always adequate, and sometimes, as with Freud, a caricature.
Mayer, Arno J., Political Origins of the New Diplomacy, 1917–1918 (1959). Unconventional and authoritative diplomatic history; it analyzes the weariness of the belligerent powers.
——, Politics and Diplomacy of Peacemaking: Containment and Counterrevolution at Versailles, 1918–1919 (1967). A sequel, just as authoritative; concentrates on the exclusion of Soviet Russia from the Concert of Powers.
Mehring, Franz, Die Geschichte der deutschen Sozialdemokratie, parts I and II, 2 vols. (1897–1898). Scrupulous, though wholly sympathetic history of the years 1830 to 1891 by a veteran Socialist intellectual.
Meinecke, Friedrich, Weltbürgertum und Nationalstaat: Studien zur Genesis des deutschen Nationalstaates (1907). From cosmopolitanism to nationalism, Humboldt to Bismarck; the book that made Meinecke’s reputation.
——, Die Idee der Staatsräson in der neueren Geschichte (1924).
There is a translation of this subtle book, by Douglas Scott, with the unsubtle and misleading title Machiavellianism (1965).
——, Die Entstehung des Historismus, 2 vols. (1936). A vigorous defense and brilliant, though to my mind not adequate, analysis of historicism.
——, The German Catastrophe: Reflections and Recollections (1946; tr. Sidney B. Fay, 1950). Reconsiderations, partly affecting, partly pathetic, on the German past.
——, Politische Schriften und Reden, ed. Georg Kotowski (1958). An important collection of talks and essays on politics.
——, “Drei Generationen deutscher Gelehrtenpolitik,” Historische Zeitschrift, CXXV (1922), 248–283.
——, “Values and Causalities in History” (1928), tr. Julian H. Frank lin, in The Varieties of History, ed. Fritz Stern (1956), 267–288.
Meyer, Henry Cord, Mitteleuropa in German Thought and Action, 1815– 1945 (1955).
Michels, Robert, Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy, tr. Eden and Cedar Paul (1949 ed). The classic study in pessimism about democracy, using largely instances from the German Social Democratic Party before World War I.
——, “Psychologie der antikapitalistischen Massenbewegungen,” Grundriss der Sozialökonomik, IX, part 1 (1926), 241–359. (See above under Briefs.)
Mitchell, Allan, Revolution in Bavaria, 1918–1919: The Eisner Regime and the Soviet Republic (1965). Careful, too careful, documentary study.
Modern Germany in Relation to the Great War, by Various German Writers, tr. William Wallace Whitelock (1916). Apologetics by Otto Hintze, Ernst Troeltsch, Hans Delbrück, Friedrich Meinecke: an all-star cast in a dramatic failure.
Mohler, Armin, Die konservative Revolution in Deutschland, 1918 bis 1932: Grundriss ihrer Weltanschauungen (1950). A very comprehensive survey of German right-wing thought in economical compass.
Mommsen, Hans, “Zum Verhältnis von politischer Wissenschaft und Geschichtswissenschaft in Deutschland,” Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, X (1962), 341–372. Part of the reappraisal of German historical writing.
Mommsen, Wolfgang J., Max Weber und die deutsche Politik (1959). Much-needed examination of a hero; concludes that Weber was not a political liberal.
——, “Universalgeschichtliches und politisches Denken bei Max Weber,” Historische Zeitschrift, CCI (1965), 557–612. Excellent supplement to his book; full bibliography on the Weber controversy; sees charisma as a central problem for Weber.
Morsey, Rudolf, Die deutsche Zentrumspartei, 1917–1923 (1966). An exhaustive model monograph.
Mosse, George L., The Crisis of German Ideology: Intellectual Origins of the Third Reich (1964). Stresses, surveying racism, youth movements, political notions, the “völkische” elements.
——, “Die deutsche Rechte und die Juden,” in Entscheidungsjahr 1932: zur Judenfrage in der Endphase der Weimarer Republik, ed. Werner E. Mosse (1963), 183–246.
Nettl, J. P., Rosa Luxemburg, 2 vols., (1966). An excellent extensive biography.
Neumann, Franz L., Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism (2nd ed., 1944). The long introduction summarizes Neumann’s interpretation of the inner structure of Weimar; an independent Marxist view of importance.
——, “The Social Sciences,” in The Cultural Migration: The European Scholar in America (1953), 4–26. A brilliant comparative analysis of social science in Germany and America, with valuable personal reminiscences. (See also below under Panofsky and Tillich.)
Neumann, Sigmund, Die Parteien der Weimarer Republik (1932; ed. 1965 with preface by Karl Dietrich Bracher). Excellent, in fact indispensable survey of party politics in Weimar.
——, “Die Stufen des preussischen Konservatismus: Ein Beitrag zum Staats- und Gesellschaftsbild Deutschlands im neunzehnten Jahrhundert,” in Historische Studien, No. 190 (1930). An important sociohistorical analysis of conservatism, to be compared with Karl Mannheim’s work.
Neurohr, Jean F., Der Mythos vom dritten Reich: Zur Geistesgeschichte des Nationalsozialismus (1957). Good analysis of a fatal myth.
Oberschall, A., Empirical Social Research in Germany, 1848–1914 (1965). Brief; more work is needed; but meanwhile very helpful. (See also below under Shad.)
Panofsky, Erwin, “The History of Art,” in The Cultural Migration: The European Scholar in America (1953), 82–111. Witty comparison between ways of teaching art history in German and American universities. (See also above under Neumann, Franz, and below under Pevsner).
PEM (pseud. for Paul Erich Marcus), Heimweh nach dem Kurfüstendamm: Aus Berlins glanzvollsten Tagen und Nächten (1952). Nostalgic evocation of Berlin in the “golden twenties.”
Pevsner, Nikolaus, “Reflections on Not Teaching Art History,” The Listener, XLVIII, No. 1235 (October 30, 1952), 715–716. Informative memories on the German way of teaching the subject. (See also above under Panofsky.)
Pflanze, Otto, Bismarck and the Development of Germany: The Period of Unification, 1815–1871 (1963). Excellent first volume.
——, “Bismarck and German Nationalism,” American Historical Review, LX, 3 (April 1955). 548–566.
Plessner, Helmuth, Die verspätete Nation: Über die politische Verführ-barkeit bürgerlichen Geistes (1959). Seeks to account for the deliberate rejection of Western in behalf of “German” values by many Germans.
Ramm, Agatha, Germany, 1789–1919: A Political History (1967). Intelligent, adequately detailed survey; highly recommended.
Rathenau, Walther, Die neue Wirtschaft (1918).
——, Der neue Staat (1919). Two polemical pamphlets indispensable to an understanding of Rathenau’s style of thinking; the second is a vehement expression of profound disappointment in the “Revolution.”
Rauschning, Hermann, Die Konservative Revolution: Versuch und Bruch mit Hitler (1941). An important, disquieting essay by an early ally and later enemy of Hitler, claiming that the Nazis betrayed the true “conservative revolution.”
Röhl, J. C. G., Germany without Bismarck: The Crisis of Government in the Second Reich, 1890–1900 (1967). Makes excellent use of documents to illuminate a murky period.
Rosenberg, Arthur, The Birth of the German Republic, 1871–1918 (1928; tr. Ian F. D. Morrow, 1931).
——, A History of the German Republic (1935; tr. Ian F. D. Morrow and L. Marie Sieveking, 1936). Both indispensable; the orientation is left-radical but independent; the grasp of the deep issues is admirable.
Rothfels, Hans, “Problems of a Bismarck Biography,” Review of Politics, IX, 3 (July 1947), 362–380. Good contribution to a large issue.
Schieder, Theodor, ed., Hundert Jahre Historische Zeitschrift 1859–1959 (1959). A large but disappointing collection of articles, illuminating many facets of historical writing in Germany for a hundred years without grappling with some crucial issues.
——, “Grundfragen der neuen deutschen Geschichte: Zum Problem der historischen Urteilsbildung,” Historische Zeitschrift, CLXXXXII (1961), 1–16.
Schimanski, Stefan, “Forward,” to Martin Heidegger, Existence and Being, tr. Douglas Scott, R. F. C. Hull, and Alan Crick (1949). Collection of four short essays by the author of Sein und Zeit, introduced briefly by Schimanski and at length by Werner Brock.
Schmitt, Carl, Hugo Preuss: Sein Staatsbegriff und seine Stellung in der deutschen Staatslehre (1930). Appreciation of the “father” of the German constitution by a supple legal theorist whose sympathies lay elsewhere. (See also below under Simons.)
Schnabel, Franz, Deutsche Geschichte im neunzehnten Jahrhundert, 4 vols. (2nd ed., 1937–1949). Liberal, but not “too” liberal; detailed interpretation of nineteenth-century Germany. Vol. II, 245–253, contains account of the 1817 meetings at the Wartburg.
Schorske, Carl E., German Social Democracy, 1905–1917: The Development of the Great Schism (1955). Brilliant, and important.
Schwabe, Klaus, “Zur politischen Haltung der deutschen Professoren im ersten Weltkrieg,” Historische Zeitschrift, CLXXXXIII (1961), 601–634. Full of excellent—that is, awful—instances of chauvinism among German intellectuals in World War I.
Sell, Friedrich C., Die Tragödie des deutschen Liberalismus (1953). Tells the familiar story well.
Shad, Susanne P., “Empirical Social Research in Weimar Germany,” Columbia University Dissertation (1964).
Sheehan, James J. The Career of Lujo Brentano: A Study of Liberalism and Social Reform in Imperial Germany (1966).
Siefert, Hermann, Der bündische Aufbruch, 1918–1923 (1963). Discriminating study of the youth movements in the early Republic.
Simons, Walter, Hugo Preuss (1930).
Sontheimer, Kurt, Anti-Demokratisches Denken in der Weimarer Republik: Die politischen ldeen des deutschen Nationalismus zwischen 1918 und 1933 (1962). Excellent survey of right-wing philosophies in the Republic.
Spengler, Oswald, The Decline of the West, 2 vols. (1918–1922; tr. Charles Francis Atkinson, 1926–1928).
——, Preussentum und Sozialismus (1919). Both vitally important—as documents.
Srbik, Heinrich Ritter von, Geist und Geschichte vom deutschen Humanismus bis zur Gegenwart, 2 vols. (1950–1951). Expansive in tone, conservative in philosophy.
Stampfer, Friedrich, Die vierzehn Jahre der ersten deutschen Republik (3rd ed., 1953). A history of the Republic by a Social Democratic publicist who went through it all himself.
Steinhausen, Georg, Deutsche Geistes- und Kulturgeschichte von 1870 bis zur Gegenwart (1931).
Sterling, Richard W., Ethics in a World of Power: The Political Ideas of Friedrich Meinecke (1958). The first full examination of the political thought of a great German historian.
Stern, Fritz, The Politics of Cultural Despair: A Study in the Rise of the Germanic Ideology (1961). Fine studies of three anticipators, Langbehn, Lagarde, Moeller van den Bruck.
——, “The Political Consequences of the Unpolitical German,” History, No. 3 (1960), 104–134. Sober examination of an important topic.
Stolper, Gustav, The German Economy, 1870–1940 (1940). Important.
Stolper, Toni, Ein Leben in Brennpunkten unserer Zeit: Gustav Stolper, 1888–1947 (1960). Informative biography of the versatile economic historian by bis widow.
Suhrkamp, Peter, “Die Sezession des Familiensohnes: Eine nachträgliche Betrachtung der Jugendbewegung,” Neue Rundschau, XLIII, part 1 (1932), 94–112.
——, “Söhne ohne Väter und Lehrer: Die Situation der bürgerlichen Jugend,” ibid., 681–696. Both thoughtful analyses of the disoriented youth on the verge of chaos.
Taylor, A. J. P., The Course of German History (1945).
——, Bismarck: The Man and the Statesman (1955). Both characteristic Taylor: brilliant in writing, stimulating in ideas, eccentric in interpretation.
The Path to Dictatorship, 1918–1933: Ten Essays by German Scholars, tr. John Conway (1966). Radio talks by Karl Dietrich Bracher, Kurt Sontheimer, Rudolf Morsey, Hans Rothfels, and six others on political parties, antidemocratic thought, Nazi tactics. Of varying merit, but the introduction by Fritz Stern and the chronology of Weimar history in its last five years are helpful.
Thimme, Anneliese, Gustav Stresemann: Eine politische Biographie zur Geschichte der Weimarer Republik (1957). Severe, unsentimental, revisionist, important.
Tietz, Georg, Hermann Tietz: Geschichte einer Familie und ihrer Warenhäuser (1965). The great department store and its owners.
Tillich, Paul, “The Transmoral Conscience,” in The Protestant Era, ed. and tr. James Luther Adams (1951), 152–166.
——, “The Protestant Message and the Man of Today,” ibid., 189–204. Both shed light on liberal theology in the late Weimar period.
——, “The Conquest of Theological Provincialism,” in The Cultural Migration: The European Scholar in America (1953), 138–156. Both humble and amusing, Tillich reports what theological pride was in his Germany, and what he learned in America. (See also above under Neumann, Franz, and Panofsky.)
Troeltsch, Ernst, Spektator-Briefe, ed. Hans Baron (1924). Collected essays on the German Revolution and world politics, 1918 to 1922; very revealing.
Turner, Henry Ashby, Jr., Stresemann and the Politics of the Weimar Republic (1963). A dependable investigation.
Waite, Robert G. L., Vanguard of Nazism: The Free Corps Movement in Postwar Germany, 1918–1923 (1952).
Wassermann, Jakob, “Rede an die studentische Jugend über das Leben im Geiste: Zum Goethetag 1932,” Neue Rundschau, XLIII, part 1 (1932), 530–544. A novelist’s plea to the youth, for reason.
Weber, Marianne, Max Weber: Ein Lebensbild (1926). An important biography.
Weber, Max, Gesammelte Politische Schriften (2nd, expanded ed., by Johannes Winckelmann, 1958). Of critical importance; Weber wrote extensively on domestic and foreign policy, and his voice was heard.
Wehler, Hans-Ulrich, ed., Moderne deutsche Sozialgeschichte (1966). A diversified collection of social history put together by the editor of Eckart Kehr’s shorter writings; many of the essays included here, dealing mainly with nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Germany, are excellent.
Wheeler-Bennett, John W., The Nemesis of Power: The German Army in Politics, 1918–1945 (1954). (See also above under Carsten and Craig.)
Wucher, Albert, Theodor Mommsen: Geschichtsschreibung und Politik (1956). An exceptional, refreshing essay in a literature overwhelmed with piety.
Zehn Jahre Berliner Psychoanalytisches lnstitut (Polyklinik und Lehranstalt) (1930). An anniversary volume offering details on the Institute’s history and achievements.
Ziekursch, Johannes, Politische Geschichte des neuen deutschen Kaiserreiches, 3 vols. (1925–1930). It might not be so sensational now (though it still remains worth reading), but its independent judgment and clarity of presentation made it an event in Weimar history-writing.
This section includes painters, graphic artists, sculptors, composers and other musicians, architects, and art history.
Barr, Alfred H., Jr., Cubism and Abstract Art (1936). A pioneering survey, including Germans.
Bayer, Herbert, Ise Gropius, and Walter Gropius, eds., Bauhaus 1919–1928 (1938, reprinted 1959). Classic book accompanying a classic exhibition. (See also below under Wingler.)
Bing, Gertrud, Aby M. Warburg (1958). Essay on the founder of the Warburg Institute, by a close associate.
Buchheim, Lothar-Günther, Der Blaue Reiter und die Neue Künstler-Vereinigung München (1959).
——, The Graphic Art of German Expressionism (1960).
Drexler, Arthur, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1960). Brief, well illustrated.
Eckardt, Wolf von, Eric Mendelsohn (1960). Useful short essay.
Edschmid, Kasimir, Über den Expressionismus in der Literatur und die neue Malerei (1921). An important proclamation by a leading writer.
Fitch, James Marston, Walter Gropius (1960). Good short study.
——, “A Utopia Revisited,” The Columbia University Forum, IX, 4 (Fall 1966), 34–39. A look at the Bauhaus now, with some sad photographs.
Goergen, Aloys, “Beckmann und die Apocalypse,” Blick auf Beckmann: Dokumente und Vorträge (1962), 9–21.
Grohmann, Will, Das Werk Ernst Ludwig Kirchners (1926). Crucial; includes all but the last twelve years of Kirchner’s life.
——, Zeichnungen von Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1925). Equally good on the drawings.
——, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1961).
——, Wassily Kandinsky: Life and Work (1959). Includes an œuvre catalogue.
Gropius, Walter, The New Architecture and the Bauhaus, tr. P. Morton Shand (1965 ed.). The basic statement.
——, Scope of Total Architecture (1962 ed.). A collection of shorter pieces.
Grote, Ludwig, Der Blaue Reiter: München und die Kunst des 20. Jahrhunderts (1949).
——, Die Maler am Bauhaus (1950).
——, ed., Oskar Kokoschka, essays, catalogue of the 1950 exhibition in Munich (1950). Good, like all of Grote’s work.
Haftmann, Werner, Emil Nolde (1958; tr. Norbert Gutermann, 1959).
——, The Mind and Work of Paul Klee (1954).
——, Painting in the Twentieth Century, 2 vols. (2nd ed., 1965).
Hamilton, George Heard, Painting and Sculpture in Europe, 1880–1940 (1967). A splendid volume in the Pelican History of Art; bulky but remarkable for its compression.
Heise, Carl Georg, Persönliche Erinnerungen an Aby Warburg (1947). Personal and moving reminiscences.
Hess, Hans, Lyonel Feininger (1961). The standard work, with œuvre catalogue. The book on Feininger’s graphics is still a desideratum.
Kandinsky, Wassily, and Franz Marc, Der Blaue Reiter (1912; documentary ed. Klaus Lankheit, 1965). A document of critical importance.
——, Über das geistige in der Kunst (1912).
——, Punkt und Linie zu Fläche: Beitrag zur Analyse der malerischen Elemente (1926). Bauhaus-book No. 9.
Klee, Paul, Pedagogical Sketchbook (1925; tr. Sibyl Moholy-Nagy, 1953). Bauhaus-book No. 2; an important statement.
Kuhn, Charles L., German Expressionism and Abstract Art: The Harvard Collections (1957), with an introductory essay by Jakob Rosenberg; a splendidly informative catalogue.
——, Supplement (1967). Brings the Harvard catalogue up to date.
Kultermann, Udo, Geschichte der Kunstgeschichte: Der Weg einer Wissenschaft (1966). Though excessively popular, it contains useful chapters on the Expressionist period and the Warburg group.
McCoy, Esther, Richard Neutra (1960). Monograph on an important architect who left Germany in 1923.
Moholy-Nagy, Laszlo, Malerei, Fotografie, Film (2nd ed., 1927).
——, The New Vision: From Material to Architecture (1929; tr. Daphne M. Hoffmann, 1938).
Moholy-Nagy, Sibyl, Moholy-Nagy, a Biography (1950).
Myers, Bernard S., The German Expressionists: A Generation in Revolt (1963; concise ed., 1966). A splendid survey covering the movements and individual artists; with an excellent bibliography.
Panofsky, Erwin, “A. Warburg,” Repertorium für Kunstwissenschaft, LI (1930), 1–4. A brief, perceptive obituary.
Pevsner, Nikolaus, Pioneers of Modern Design, from William Morris to Walter Gropius (3rd ed., 1960). A magnificently lucid analysis of the movement that led to the Bauhaus. Indispensable.
Redlich, H. F., Alban Berg, the Man and His Music (1957). Valuable biography of an important modern composer. (See also below under Reich.)
Reich, Willi, Alban Berg: Leben und Werk (1963).
Reifenberg, Benno, “Max Beckmann” (1921), in Blick auf Beckmann: Dokumente und Vorträge (1962), 101–109.
Reti, Rudolph, Tonality in Modern Music (1958). A composer looks at modern music, particularly the Germans—Schönberg, Berg, and Webern.
Richter, Hans, Dada: Art and Anti-Art (1965). A comprehensive account. (See also below under Rubin.)
Roh, Franz, Nach-Expressionismus (1925). A vigorous “obituary,” calling for “neue Sachlichkeit.”
Röthel, Hans K., and J. Cassou, Vasily Kandinsky, 1866–1944, A Retrospective Exhibition (1962). Splendid catalogue of the great retrospective at the Guggenheim Museum in New York.
Russell, John, Max Ernst (1967). A comprehensive, well-illustrated monograph.
Saxl, Fritz, “Die Bibliothek Warburg und ihr Ziel,” Vorträge der Bibliothek Warburg, 1921–1922, ed. Fritz Saxl (1923), 1–10. Inaugural lecture by the Warburg Institute’s first director.
——, “Ernst Cassirer,” in The Philosophy of Ernst Cassirer, ed. Paul Arthur Schilpp (1949), 47–51. An important reminiscence of one of the Warburg Institute’s most distinguished associates.
Scheffler, Karl, Max Liebermann (new ed., 1953). Biography of Germany’s most popular painter; a vigorous Impressionist in an Expressionist age.
Selz, Peter, Emit Nolde (1963). Short but candid monograph and catalogue of a traveling exhibition of 1963.
——, German Expressionist Painting (1957). Good general account.
——, Max Beckmann (1964). An excellent catalogue and monograph.
Taylor, Joshua C., Futurism (1961). Good catalogue of a traveling exhibition of this important prewar movement.
Verkauf, Willy, Marcel Janco, and Hans Bolliger, eds., Dada: Monographie einer Bewegung (1958). Lavishly illustrated.
Warburg, Aby, Gesammelte Schriften, 2 vols. (1932). The seminal writings of a pioneering art historian and tormented human being.
Whittick, Arnold, Erich Mendelsohn (1940). Useful account.
Wingler, Hans M., ed., Das Bauhaus, 1919–1933: Weimar, Dessau, Berlin (1962). An enormous, thoroughly annotated and superbly illustrated collection of documents on the Bauhaus in all its aspects. Essential.
Worte zur Beisetzung von Professor Dr. Aby M. Warburg (n.d., end of 1929?).
Wuttke, Dieter, “Aby Warburg und seine Bibliothek,” Arcadia, I, 3 (1966), 319–333. Informative article with excellent bibliography.
This section includes collected works, individual works, biographies and monographs of poets, novelists, and playwrights. Book on the theatre in general are also included.
Allemann, Beda, Hölderlin und Heidegger (2nd ed., 1954). Difficult study of an affinity.
Barlach, Ernst, Das dichterische Werk, 3 vols., ed. Klaus Lazarowicz and Friedrich Dross (1956–1959).
Benjamin, Walter, Schriften, 2 vols., ed. Theodor W. Adorno, Gretel Adorno, and Friedrich Podszus (1955). Collected writings by the brilliant social and literary critic who committed suicide in September 1940 on the Spanish frontier, on the verge of safety, hounded to death by Spanish officials. (There is a useful one-volume collection of his selected writings, Illuminationen, ed. Siegfried Unseld [1961].)
Beissner, Friedrich, Hölderlin Heute: Der lange Weg des Dichters zu seinem Ruhm (1963). Lecture by a foremost Hölderlin scholar.
Benn, Gottfried, Gesammelte Werke, 4 vols., ed. Dieter Wellershoff (1958–1961).
Bithell, Jethro, Modern German Literature, 1880–1938 (2nd ed., 1946). Opinionated but dependable survey.
Boehringer, Robert, Mein Bild von Stefan George (1951). Two related volumes bound together; the second a picture gallery (much of it hilarious), the first a biographical record referring to the second.
Brecht, Bertolt, Gesammelte Werke, 8 vols., ed. Elizabeth Hauptmann (1967). Much the best edition so far.
——: Bertolt Brechts Dreigroschenbuch (1960). Contains the play, the film script, and other valuable documents.
Broch, Hermann, Gesammelte Werke, 10 vols. (1952–1961).
——, The Death of Vergil, tr. Jean Starr Untermeyer (1945). His major novel.
Büchner, Georg, Sämtliche Werke, ed. Hans Jürgen Meinerts (1963). One of several accessible editions.
Butler, E. M., The Tyranny of Greece over Germany (1935). An overstated but forceful argument that the German mind was seduced by a mythical Greek antiquity.
Cassirer, Ernst, Idee und Gestalt (2nd ed., 1924). Five civilized essays on German literature, including essays on Hölderlin and Kleist.
David, Claude, Von Richard Wagner zu Bertolt Brecht: Eine Geschichte der neueren deutschen Literatur (1959; German tr., Hermann Stiehl, 1964). Judicious history by a distinguished French scholar.
Dilthey, Wilhelm, “Hölderlin,” in Das Erlebnis und die Dichtung (1957 ed.), 221–291. Though first written in 1867, this pathbreaking essay was rewritten for the first edition of this collective volume (1905).
Döblin, Alfred, Die drei Sprünge des Wang-lun, Chinesischer Roman (1915).
——, Berlin Alexanderplatz: Die Geschichte von Franz Biberkopf (1929). The two most remarkable novels by a first-rate Expressionist writer; the latter is particularly noteworthy.
Emrich, Wilhelm, Franz Kafka (2nd ed., 1960). Among the best studies. (See also below under Politzer and Sokel.)
Esslin, Martin, Brecht: The Man and his Work (1959). Comprehensive study of Brecht’s life and writings.
Fairley, Barker, A Study of Goethe (1947). A brilliant essay, particularly relevant here since it analyzes Goethe’s struggle for objectivity, which he came to equate with mental health.
Fallada, Hans, Little Man, What Now? (1932; tr. Eric Sutton, 1933). The typical depression novel; immensely popular in its day and still widely read.
Feuchtwanger, Lion, Erfolg: Drei Jahre Geschichte einer Provinz, 2 vols. (1930). Feuchtwanger’s most popular novel; a roman à clef about Bavaria during the early 1920s, including a barely disguised Bertolt Brecht.
Garten, H. F., Gerhart Hauptmann (1954).
——, Modern German Drama (1959). Serious and helpful.
George, Stefan, Gesamtausgabe der Werke, 18 vols. (1927–1934). There is also a handy 2-volume selection, ed. Robert Boehringer (1958).
Gerhard, Melitta, Stefan George, Dichtung und Kündung (1962).
Goering, Reinhard, Prosa, Dramen, Verse, ed. Dieter Hoffmann (1961). Handy selections from the right-wing Expressionist who had one hit, Seeschlacht, in 1917.
Grimm, Hans, Volk ohne Raum (1926). The famous völkische novel.
Gundolf, Friedrich, Shakespeare und der deutsche Geist (1911).
——, Stefan George (1920).
——, Heinrich von Kleist (1922). Probably the most important works by this favorite George disciple.
Günther, Herbert, Joachim Ringelnatz in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten (1964). Illustrated biography of a popular humoristic poet.
Haas, Willy, Bert Brecht (1958). Short, impressionistic.
Hasenclever, Walter, Gedichte, Dramen, Prosa, ed. Kurt Pinthus (1963). A generous selection from the works of this Expressionist writer.
Hatfield, Henry, Thomas Mann (rev. ed., 1962). Lucid, brief, dependable.
——, Aesthetic Paganism in German Literature from Winckelmann to the Death of Goethe (1964). Sensible; corrects E. M. Butler’s overstatements on Hölderlin and others.
Hauptmann, Gerhart, Sämtliche Werke (Centenar Ausgabe) in progress, (ed. H.-E. Hass, 1962——).
Heerikhuizen, F. W. van, Rainer Maria Rilke: His Life and Work (1946; tr. Fernand G. Renier and Anne Cliff, 1951). Sensible biography amid a mass of extravagant writing.
Heller, Erich, The Ironic German: A Study of Thomas Mann (1958). A stylish study.
——, The Disinherited Mind: Essays in Modern German Literature and Thought (2nd ed., 1959). Stimulating collection.
Herald, Heinz, Max Reinhardt (1953).
Hering, Gerhard F., “Nachwort” to Zuckmayer, Meisterdramen (1966), 583–590. An instructive brief essay.
Hesse, Hermann, Gesammelte Schriften, 7 vols. (1957).
——, Demian (1919; tr. Michael Roloff and Michael Lebeck, 1965).
——, Steppenwolf (1927; tr. Basil Creighton, rev. Joseph Mileck and Horst Frenz, 1963).
——, Magister Ludi (1943; tr. Mervyn Savill, 1949). Hesse’s three most popular novels in English.
Hofmannsthal, Hugo von, Gesammelte Werke, in progress, 15 vols. so far, ed. Herbert Steiner (1945——).
——, “Das Schrifttum als geistiger Raum der Nation,” in Die Berührung der Sphären (1931), 422–442, a convenient collection of Hofmannsthal’s prose.
Hölderlin, Friedrich, Werke, ed. Fritz Usinger (n. d.). One of many editions; this one has a good selection and useful introduction.
Holthusen, Hans Egon, Rainer Maria Rilke: A Study of his Later Poetry (tr. J. P. Stern, 1952).
——, Rainer Maria Rilke in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten (1958). Both admiring but still rational.
Horvath, Ödön von, Stücke, ed. Traugott Krischke (1961).
Johann, Ernst, Georg Büchner in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten (1958).
Kafka, Franz, The Trial (publ. 1925 by Max Brod; tr. Willa and Edwin Muir, 1937).
——, The Castle (publ. 1926, same ed.; same tr., 1930).
——, Amerika (publ. 1927, same ed.; tr. Edwin Muir, 1946).
——, Hochzeitsvorbereitungen auf dem Lande und andere Prosa aus dem Nachlass, ed. Max Brod (1953). Includes the letter to his father.
Kaiser, Georg, Stücke, Erzählungen, Aufsätze, Gedichte, ed. Walther Huder (1966). A good one-volume selection from Kaiser’s vast and important production. (See also below under Kenworthy.)
Karasek, Hellmuth, Carl Sternheim (1965). A short, well-illustrated study of the witty playwright.
Kästner, Erich, Kästner für Erwachsene, ed. Rudolf Walter Leonhardt (1966). As the title makes clear, this selection omits the books for children—Emil und die Detektive, Der 35. Mai, and so on—that made him world-famous; it contains selections of poetry, autobiography, and his novel Fabian: Die Geschichte eines Moralisten (1931).
Kenworthy, B. J., Georg Kaiser (1957). Useful study in English.
Kesting, Marianne, Bertolt Brecht in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten (1959).
Killy, Walther, Deutscher Kitsch: Ein Versuch mit Beispielen (1962). A fascinating collection of awful German literature, with an interesting interpretative introduction.
Kraus, Karl, Ausgewählte Werke, in progress, ed. Heinrich Fischer (1952——).
Kutscher, Artur, Frank Wedekind: Sein Leben und Seine Werke, 3 vols. (1922–1931). The standard biography of the great rebel of the German theatre.
Landmann, Georg Peter, ed., Der George-Kreis (1965). An intelligent and comprehensive anthology.
Lasker-Schüler, Else, Sämtliche Gedichte, ed. Friedhelm Kemp (1966).
Mann, Heinrich, Little Superman (1918; tr. Ernest Boyd, 1945).
——, Small Town Tyrant (1905, tr. in 1944). The novel on which the celebrated film, The Blue Angel, is based.
——, Novellen (1963). A collection of his shorter novels—or long stories. This list of three titles offers only a small selection from a large and extremely varied output.
Mann, Klaus, Mephisto: Roman einer Karriere (1936). A wicked novel; thinly disguised account of the meteoric career of Mann’s erstwhile brother-in-law, Gustav Gründgens, actor and producer.
Mann, Thomas, Gesammelte Werke, ed. Hans Bürgin, 12 vols. (1960). Still the best edition, including four volumes of essays and speeches.
——, Buddenbrooks (1901; tr. H. T. Lowe-Porter, 1924).
——, The Magic Mountain (1924; same tr., 1927).
——, Joseph and His Brothers, 4 vols. (1933–1943; same tr., 1933–1944).
——, Stories of Three Decades (same tr., 1936).
——, Essays of Three Decades (same tr., 1947). (These English titles are only a sampling; practically all his work has been translated into English.)
Müllenmeister, Horst, Leopold Jessner: Geschichte eines Regiestils (1956). Useful German thesis; much more needs to be done.
Muschg, Walter, Die Zerstörung der deutschen Literatur (3rd, much enlarged ed., 1958). Bracing essays by a mortal enemy of cant and the German penchant to turn literary criticism into obscure metaphysics.
——, Von Trakl zu Brecht: Dichter des Expressionismus (1961). Vigorous, often brilliant studies.
Musil, Robert, The Man Without Qualities (first “complete” version reconstructed by A. Frisé, 1952; tr. Eithne Wilkins and Ernst Kaiser, 3 vols., 1953–1960).
Pinthus, Kurt, ed., Menschheitsdämmerung: Ein Dokument des Expressionismus (1920; 2nd, improved ed., 1959). The first edition was an important gathering of documents; the second is even more valuable.
Piscator, Erwin, Das politische Theater (1929; ed. Felix Gasbarra, 1962). The manifesto of the radical theatre in Berlin in the late twenties.
Politzer, Heinz, Franz Kafka: Parable and Paradox (1962). Excellent.
Raabe, Paul, ed., Expressionismus: Aufzeichnungen und Erinnerungen der Zeitgenossen (1965). A comprehensive anthology of eyewitness accounts.
——, and H. L. Greve, eds., Expressionismus: Literatur und Kunst, 1910–1923 (1960). Highly informative, well-documented catalogue of an important exposition at the Schiller National Museum at Marbach.
Remarque, Erich Maria, All Quiet on the Western Front (1929; tr. A. W. Wheen, 1929). The famous antiwar novel, Im Westen nichts Neues.
——, The Road Back (1931; tr. A. W. Wheen, 1931). The rather less famous sequel.
Riess, Curt, Gustav Gründgens: Eine Biographie (1965). Admiring and apologetic, but not uninformative life of a leading actor and producer. (See also above under Mann, Klaus.)
Rilke, Rainer Maria, Sämtliche Werke, ed. Ernst Zinn and Ruth Sieber-Rilke, 6 vols. (1955–1966). There is also a useful three-volume edition, containing a large selection, by the Insel Verlag (1966).
Roth, Joseph, Romane, Erzählungen, Aufsätze (1964). A generous selection from a novelist who drank himself to death in Paris exile.
Rühle, Günther, Theater für die Republik, 1917–1933, im Spiegel der Kritik (1967). A convenient, copious anthology of reviews of the Weimar theatre, with full annotations and an excellent introduction.
Salin, Edgar, Um Stefan George: Erinnerung und Zeugnis (2nd ed., 1954). Among the George disciples’ work, perhaps the most informative. (See also above under Boehringer, and below under Wolters.)
——, Hölderlin im George-Kreis (1950).
Schick, Paul, Karl Kraus in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten (1965).
Schmalenbach, Fritz, “The Term ‘Neue Sachlichkeit,’” Art Bulletin, XXII, 3 (September 1940), 161–165. Analyzes an important name.
Schnitzler, Arthur, Die erzählenden Schriften, 2 vols. (1961).
——, Die dramatischen Werke, 2 vols. (1962). A convenient set of four volumes.
Schonauer, Franz, Stefan George in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten (1960). Fairly straightforward account with some remarkable photographs.
Schröter, Klaus, Heinrich Mann in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten (1967).
Schumacher, Ernst, Die dramatischen Versuche Bertolt Brechts, 1918–1933 (1955). Though orthodox in its Marxism and hence often tedious, full of facts.
Sertorius, Lilli, Der Wandel des deutschen Hölderlinbildes (1928). Short dissertation demonstrating radical shift in Germans’ view of Hölderlin.
Sembdner, Helmut, ed., Heinrich von Kleists Nachruhm (1967). A fascinating, well-organized and annotated anthology documenting the varying posthumous fortunes of a great German literary figure.
Sinn und Form, Special Issue, Bertolt Brecht (1949).
——, Second Special Issue, Bertolt Brecht (1957). Both, especially the second of these issues, are filled with important information outweighing their East German predictability.
Sokel, Walter H., The Writer in Extremis: Expressionism in Twentieth-Century German Literature (1959). A rewarding attempt to comprehend the essence of Expressionist German literature in economical compass.
——, Franz Kafka: Tragik und Ironie (1964).
Sontheimer, Kurt, Thomas Mann und die Deutschen (1961). A persuasive (but not wholly persuasive) defense of Thomas Mann’s political opinions.
Steffen, Hans, ed., Der deutsche Expressionismus: Formen und Gestalten (1965). A set of essays, mainly on Expressionist poets, but on Expressionism in the other arts as well; generally satisfactory.
Sternheim, Carl, Das Gesamtwerk, ed. Wilhelm Emrich, 8 vols. (1963–1968). The collected works of that brilliant, untranslatable satirist.
Strich, Fritz, Deutsche Klassik und Romantik (1922).
Tank, Kurt Lothar, Gerhart Hauptmann in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten (1959).
Toller, Ernst, Prosa, Briefe, Dramen, Gedichte, Preface by Kurt Hiller (1961). An ample selection, prefaced by some fighting words in Toller’s defense.
Torberg, Friedrich, Der Schüler Gerber (1929). Novel about a student’s suicide; typical of a genre.
Tucholsky, Kurt, Gesammelte Werke, ed. Mary Gerold-Tucholsky and Fritz J. Raddatz, 3 vols. (1960). Though not absolutely complete, the lacunae are indicated.
Viëtor, Karl, Georg Büchner: Politik, Dichtung, Wissenschaft (1949). Compact appreciation by a veteran Germanist.
Wassermann, Jakob, Der Fall Maurizius (1928). Perhaps still the best-known novel of a writer whose reputation was extremely high during the Republic, but is not now.
Wedekind, Frank, Prosa, Dramen, Verse, ed. Hansgeorg Maier, 2 vols. (1964). A convenient and rather full edition.
Weigand, Hermann J., Thomas Mann’s Novel ‘Der Zauberberg’ (1933). An impressive analysis.
Weisstein, Ulrich, Heinrich Mann: Eine historisch-kritische Einführung in sein dichterisches Werk (1962). Short but useful.
Werfel, Franz, Nicht der Mörder, der Ermordete ist Schuldig (1920).
——, Verdi (1924; tr. Helen Jessiman, 1925). A milestone, for Werfel.
——, The Forty Days of Musa Dagh (1933; tr. Geoffrey Dunlop, 1934).
——, Erzählungen aus zwei Welten, ed. A. D. Klarmann, 3 vols. (1951–1954).
——, Die Dramen, ed. A. D. Klarmann, 2 vols. (1959).
Willett, John, The Theatre of Bert Brecht: A Study from Eight Aspects (1959). A good analysis.
Wolters, Friedrich, Stefan George und die Blätter für die Kunst (1930). Remains important.
Zuckmayer, Carl, Meisterdramen (1966). Contains his best-known work, but omits the early Expressionist plays.
Zweig, Arnold, The Case of Sergeant Grischa (1927; tr. Eric Sutton, 1928).
Zweig, Stefan, “Abschied von Rilke,” (1926) in Begegnungen mit Menschen, Büchern, Städten (1956 ed.), 59–73.
——, “Hölderlin,” in Baumeister der Welt (1951), 159–246.
——, “Heinrich von Kleist,” in ibid., 247–301.
Publishers’ autobiographies, like those of Piper and Wolff, are also extremely useful here.
Arnheim, Rudolf, Film als Kunst (1932). Translated in 1933 by L. M. Sieveking and Ian F. D. Morrow, but long unobtainable; substantial portions of this theoretical book are now reprinted in Film as Art (1966).
Balázs, Béla, Der Film: Werden und Wesen einer neuen Kunst (1961). Collected essays, many from the 1920s, by a Marxist who was a knowledgeable and intelligent critic.
“Ein Jahrhundert Frankfurter Zeitung, begründet von Leopold Sonnemann,” Die Gegenwart, XI (October 29, 1956), special number. A generous, fascinating survey (though more could be done) of the best newspaper in Weimar Germany.
Erman, Hans, August Scherl (1954). Biography of the powerful Berlin newspaper publisher who sold his business to Hugenberg.
Griffith, Richard, Marlene Dietrich, Image and Legend (1959). A well-illustrated pamphlet.
Grothe, Wolfgang, “Die neue Rundschau des Verlages S. Fischer,” Börsenblatt für den deutschen Buchhandel, Frankfurter Ausgabe, XVII (December 14, 1961). An interesting survey of a literate monthly for which the best writers were glad to write.
Hintermeier, Mara, and Fritz J. Raddatz, eds., Rowohlt Almanach, 1908–1962 (1962). A splendidly bulky survey of a major publisher’s list with some remarkable authors.
Kiaulehn, Walther. Mein Freund der Verleger: Ernst Rowohlt und seine Zeit (1967). An affectionate account; excellent addition to the Rowohlt Almanac.
Kracauer, Siegfried, From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Film (1947). An indispensable book, even if its thesis may be a little overextended. I am deeply in its debt.
Kurtz, Rudolf, Expressionismus und Film (1926). A pioneering essay.
Mendelssohn, Peter De, Zeitungsstadt Berlin: Menschen und Mächte in der Geschichte der deutschen Presse (1959). An exasperating book; full of details and excellent illustrations, but one-sided, often uncritical and superficial.
Osborn, Max, ed., 50 Jahre Ullstein, 1877–1927 (1927). Official.
Rotha, Paul, The Film Till Now (rev. ed., 1967). Comprehensive survey by a pioneer.
Schlawe, Fritz, Literarische Zeitschriften, Part II, 1910–1933 (1962). Comprehensive factual survey; very useful. The same is badly needed for the newspapers.
Ullstein, Hermann, The Rise and Fall of the House of Ullstein (1943). Full of irrelevancies and only occasionally informative.
Weinberg, Herman G., Joseph von Sternberg: A Critical Study (1967).