The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons would like to acknowledge the editors, authors, and reviewers of Nancy Caroline’s Emergency Care in the Streets, Seventh Edition.
Series Editor
Andrew N. Pollak, MD, FAAOS
Professor of Orthopaedics, Head, Division of Orthopaedic Traumatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Associate Director of Trauma, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center
Medical Director, Baltimore County Fire Department
Baltimore, Maryland
Lead Editors
Bob Elling, MPA, EMT-P
Albany Medical Center—Clinical Instructor
Colonie EMS Department
Times Union Center EMS
Whiteface Mountain Medical Services
Colonie, New York
Mike Smith, BS, MICP
Program Chair, Lead Instructor, Emergency Medical and Health Services
Tacoma Community College
Tacoma, Washington
Authors
Chapter 1: Don Kimlicka, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P
Director/Field Paramedic
Clintonville Area Ambulance Service
Clintonville, Wisconsin
Field Paramedic
Great Divide Ambulance Service
Cable, Wisconsin
Chapter 1: David Ellis, BS, CCEMT-P, FP-C, CMTE
Program Manager
EagleMed, LLC
Greenville, South Carolina
Chapter 2: Don Kimlicka, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P
Director/Field Paramedic
Clintonville Area Ambulance Service
Clintonville, Wisconsin
Field Paramedic
Great Divide Ambulance Service
Cable, Wisconsin
Chapter 3: Elizabeth M. Wertz Evans, RN, BSN, MPM, FACMPE, CPHQ, CPHIMS, EMT-P, PHRN
Executive Director
Oncology Nursing Society
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Chapter 4: Alan J. Azzara, Esq, EMT-P
EMS Legal and Compliance Consultant
Westport Island, Maine
Chapter 5: Randy E. Price, BS, NREMT-P
Training Manager
Piedmont Medical Center EMS
Rockhill, South Carolina
Chapter 6: Bryan Ware, EMT-P
Chief of EMS
Beulah, Colorado
Chapter 7: Nicholas J. Montelauro, AAS, NREMT-P, FP-C, NCEE
Trans-Care Ambulance
Terre Haute, Indiana
Chapter 8: Hugh Skerker
Troy, New York
Chapter 8: Bob Elling, MPA, EMT-P
Albany Medical Center—Clinical Instructor
Colonie EMS Department
Times Union Center EMS
Whiteface Mountain Medical Services
Colonie, New York
Chapter 9: Howard E. Huth, III, BA, EMT-P, CIC
Director
SUNY Cobleskill Paramedic Program
Cobleskill, New York
Paramedic Supervisor
Albany County Sheriff’s Office EMS Unit
Voorheesville, New York
Chapter 10: Andrew Bartkus, RN, MSN, JD, CEN, CCRN, CFRN, NREMT-P, FP-C
Lifeguard Air Emergency Services
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Chapter 11: Keith Widmeier, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P, BS
Wayne County EMS
Monticello, Kentucky
Chapter 12: Michael D. Hummel, NREMT-P, I/C
Lead ALS Instructor/Clinical Coordinator
East Bay Medical Educators
Bristol, Rhode Island
Chapter 13: Alan W. Heckman, MSPAS, PA-C, NREMT-P, NCEE
Department of Emergency Medicine
Lehigh Valley Health Network
Allentown, Pennsylvania
Chapter 13: Mike Smith, BS, MICP
Program Chair, Lead Instructor, Emergency Medical and Health Services
Tacoma Community College
Tacoma, Washington
Chapter 14: Mike Smith, BS, MICP
Program Chair, Lead Instructor, Emergency Medical and Health Services
Tacoma Community College
Tacoma, Washington
Chapter 15: Stephen J. Rahm, NREMT-P
EMS Specialist/Faculty
Department of Emergency Health Sciences
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas
Chapter 16: Charles D. Bortle, EdD, RRT, NREMT-P
Director, Center for Clinical Competency
Albert Einstein Medical Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapter 17: Scott J. Corcoran, BS, EMT-P
Erie Community College
Orchard Park, New York
Chapter 17: Christopher Touzeau, MS, RN, NREMT-P
Montgomery County Fire and Rescue
Rockville, Maryland
Chapter 18: Charles Sowerbrower, MEd, NREMT-P, CCP-C
Sinclair Community College
Dayton, Ohio
Chapter 19: William N. Martin, NREMT-P, CCT-P, CIC
North Country Life Flight
Saranac Lake, New York
Chapter 19: Bob Elling, MPA, EMT-P
Albany Medical Center—Clinical Instructor
Colonie EMS Department
Times Union Center EMS
Whiteface Mountain Medical Services
Colonie, New York
Chapter 19: Randy E. Price, BS, NREMT-P
Training Manager
Piedmont Medical Center EMS
Rockhill, South Carolina
Chapter 20: Charles Sowerbrower, MEd, NREMT-P CCP-C
Sinclair Community College
Dayton, Ohio
Chapter 21: George E. Perry, EdD, NREMT-P
Vice President of Instruction
Blue Ridge Community and Technical College
Martinsburg, West Virginia
Chapter 22: Carol Gupton, BS, NREMT-P
Emergency Provider Instruction
Omaha, Nebraska
Chapter 23: Leaugeay C. Barnes, MS, CCEMT-P, NREMT-P
Oklahoma City Community College
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Chapter 24: David Ellis, BS, CCEMT-P, FP-C, CMTE
Program Manager
EagleMed LLC
Greenville, South Carolina
Chapter 25: Ann Bellows, RN, NREMTP, EdD
Outreach Education Opportunities
Las Cruces, New Mexico
Chapter 26: Katherine West, BSN, MSEd, CIC
Infection Control Consultant
Infection Control/Emerging Concepts, Inc.
Manassas, Virginia
Chapter 27: Mike Smith, BS, MICP
Program Chair, Lead Instructor, Emergency Medical and Health Services
Tacoma Community College
Tacoma, Washington
Chapter 28: Chris Stratford, MS, BSN, RN, EMT
University of Utah, Center for Emergency Programs
Salt Lake City, Utah
Contributors
Andrew Bartkus, RN, MSN, JD, CEN, CCRN, CFRN, NREMT-P, FP-C
Lifeguard Air Emergency Services
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Rhonda J. Beck, NREMT-P
EMT/Paramedic Instructor
Darton College
Albany, Georgia
Crisp Regional EMS
Cordele, Georgia
Anthony Caliguire, Lieutenant REMT-P
Scotia Fire Department
Scotia, New York
Paramedic Instructor Coordinator
Hudson Valley Community College Paramedic Program
Troy, New York
Julie Chase, BS, NCEE, NREMT-P, FP-C
Virginia Airborne Search and Rescue Squad
Berryville, Virginia
Patty Maher, MPA, EMTP
Professor/Assistant Chair—EMS
Daytona State College
Daytona Beach, Florida
Jeanine Newton-Riner, EdD(s), MHSA, RRT, EMT-P
Operations Manager
CoastalEMS
Savannah, Georgia
Reviewers
James “Bud” Adams, AAS, NREMT-P
College of Southern Nevada
Las Vegas, Nevada
Sean M. Ahlers, MS, NREMT-P
Emergency Training Associates
Fargo, North Dakota
William Allen
National College of Technical
Instruction
Natick, Massachusetts
Linda V. Anderson, RN, BSN
Santa Rosa Junior College
Windsor, California
Deborah Baert
Kishwaukee Community Hospital
Genoa, Illinois
Blance Keith Bankston, NREMT-P
EMS Coordinator
LSU Fire and Emergency Training Institute
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Robin E. Bishop, BA, MICP, CHS III, MEP, DOIC
Crafton Hills College
Yucaipa, California
Tim Bobbitt, EMT, Paramedic
St. Charles County Ambulance
District
Florissant, Missouri
Barbara Booton, NREMT-P, EMS IC
Emergency Education
Brookings, South Dakota
Terry Brandt, NREMT-P
Montana State University—Great Falls
Great Falls, Montana
Lynn Browne-Wagner, MSN, RN
EMS Program Director
Northland Pioneer College
Holbrook, Arizona
Aaron R. Byington, MA, NREMT-P
Captain, Layton City Fire
Layton, Utah
Anthony Caliguire, REMT-P
Paramedic Instructor Coordinator
Hudson Valley Community College
Troy, New York
Wesley Carter, AAS, NREMT-P
Lenoir Community College
Kinston, North Carolina
Director, Emergency Medical Services
Western Connecticut Health Care
Network
Danbury, Connecticut
Chris Chadwick, EMT-P
Training Officer
Shreveport Fire Academy
Shreveport, Louisiana
Brian Chamberlin, BS, FF/EMT-P
Atlantic Partners EMS/Kennebec
Valley Community College
Winslow, Maine
Russ Christiansen, NREMT-P, CCEMTP
Paramedic Technology Program
Director
Casper College
Casper, Wyoming
Scott Cook, BAS, CCEMT-P
Southern Maine Community College
South Portland, Maine
Michael Crabtree, EMT-P/LI
McLean County Area EMS System
Bloomington, Illinois
Rocky E. Cramer, BS, MICT Instructor/Coordinator
Paramedic Director
Flint Hills Technical College
Emporia, Kansas
Mike Cronin, EMT-P
EMS Coordinator/Paramedic Instructor
Mount Vernon Fire Department
Mount Vernon, Ohio
Rich Dandridge, BA, EMT-P
Training Officer
Warren County Ambulance District
Warrenton, Missouri
Tom Duffee, BA, EMT-B
EMS Program Coordinator
Clark State Community College
Springfield, Ohio
Dietrich Easter
UpState EMS Council/Jennings
Medcare
Easley, South Carolina
William Faust, MPA, NREMT-P
Gaston College
Gastonia, North Carolina
Patrick Flaherty, BS, NREMT-P
Sandy Springs Fire Rescue
Sandy Springs, Georgia
Mark Forgues, MEd, EMT-P
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Scott Frasard, PhD, EMT-P
Cardinal Health
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Robert Galligher, NREMTP
Supervisor/Education Coordinator
Vital Link EMS
Batesville, Arkansas
Leroy M. Garcia Jr, MAOM-L, NREMT-P
Pueblo Community College
Pueblo, Colorado
David Glendenning, EMT-P
Field Training Officer
New Hanover Regional EMS
Cape Fear Community College
Wilmington, North Carolina
Doug Goodwin, AS, NREMT-P
Cleveland Community College
Shelby, North Carolina
Grant Goold, EdD
American River College
Sacramento, California
Karen Beasley Grabenstein, NREMT-P, CICP
Training Officer
Bulloch County EMS
Statesboro, Georgia
Gary Green, EMT-P, EMS-I
Assistant Chief-EMS
Madison Township Fire Department
Newark, Ohio
Instructor
Mid-East Career and Technology Center
Zanesville, Ohio
Jeffrey R. Grunow, MSN, NREMT-P
Associate Professor—Chair
Emergency Care & Rescue Department
Weber State University
Ogden, Utah
Marisa Hanson, CCP/LP
Clinical Coordinator, MedStar EMS
Fort Worth, Texas
William E. Hathaway, BS, CC/NREMT-P, VEMS I/C
Executive Director
Bennington Rescue Squad, Inc.
Bennington, Vermont
Gregg L. Heller, AS, CCEMT-P, NREMT-P
Paramedic Program Coordinator
Ada County Paramedics
Boise, Idaho
Joel Henderson, AAS, NREMT-P, CCEMTP
Program Director of EMS
Montana State University Great Falls
Great Falls, Montana
Lynn Henley, NREMT-P I/C
Director of Education & QA
AHA TC Coordinator
AAA Ambulance Service
Hattiesburg, Mississippi
Thomas R. Herron Jr, AAS, NREMT-P
EMS Coordinator
Cape Fear Community College
Wilmington, North Carolina
Jeremy R. Hill, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P, Level II Paramedic Instructor, AAS
Lenoir Community College
Kinston, North Carolina
Mark Hollinger, RN, MICN, EMT
Educator and Consultant, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles County/USC Medical Center
Senior Instructor, Los Angeles
County College of Nursing and Allied Health
Los Angeles, California
Mark A. Huckaby, NREMT-P
EMS Coordinator, Grant Medical Center LifeLink
Columbus, Ohio
James B. Huettenmueller, BS Ed, NREMTP
EMS Program Clinical Coordinador
Tulsa Tech
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Derek Hunt, NR/CCEMT-P, PNCCT, FP-C
ShandsCair
Shands at the University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
Charlene Jansen, BS, MM, EMT-P
Mineral Area College
Park Hills, Missouri
Chad E. Jarvis, CCEMT-P
Rockingham Community College
Wentworth, North Carolina
Brian E. Johns, CCEMT-P, I/C
Lifestar EMS/Tri-State EMS Educators
West Ossipee, New Hampshire
Jay Johns, NREMTP, BSEd
EMS Educator, Memorial Hospital
Paramedic Program
EMS Educator, Southwestern Illinois
College EMS Program
Belleville, Illinois
Paramedic, Washington County
Ambulance
Nashville, Illinois
Janelle Johnson
Paramedic/Instructor
Metropolitan Emergency Medical Service
Little Rock, Arkansas
Sue A. Kartman, CCEMT-P
EMS Instructor/Coordinator
WITC (Wisconsin Indianhead Technical College)
MATC Madison
Madison, Wisconsin
Michael Keller, BS, NREMT-P
Gaston College, Department for EMS Education
Gastonia, North Carolina
Timothy M. Kimble, NREMT-P
EMS Lieutenant
Fauquier County Department of Fire
Rescue & Emergency Management
Warrenton, Virginia
Karla Kimlicka, PTA, EMT-B
EMT-Basic
Great Divide Ambulance Service
Cable, Wisconsin
David J. Kleiman, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P
Paramedic Instructor
Chattahoochee Technical
College – North Metro Campus
Acworth, Georgia
Amy Krueger, NREMT-P
Jerome County Paramedics
Twin Falls, Idaho
Steven C. LeCroy, Sr, MA, NREMTP, CRTT
St. Petersburg College
St. Petersburg, Florida
Mary Levy, EMS RN
Clark County Unified Paramedic Program
Las Vegas, Nevada
Scott Lindberg, NREMT-P
Faculty EMS Instructor
Hennepin Technical College
Eden Prairie, Minnesota
Kristina A. Long, NREMT-P, BAS
Program Director, Paramedicine
Flathead Valley Community College
Kalispell, Montana
Patty Maher, MPA, EMTP
Daytona State College
Daytona Beach, Florida
Norman D. “Chip” Mainville
New England Emergency Medical Training
Harrisville, Rhode Island
Connie J. Mattera, MS, RN, EMT-P
EMS Administrative Director
Northwest Community EMS System
Arlington Heights, Illinois
James McCarragher, RN, MSN, NREMT-B, New Hampshire EMS Instructor/Coordinator
Cornish Rescue Squad
Cornish, New Hampshire
Timothy L. McCawley, AAS, NREMT-P
Bennett Fire Protection District # 7
Bennett, Colorado
Lynette McCullough, MCH, NREMT-P
EMS Program Director
Southern Crescent Technical College
Griffin, Georgia
Jeffrey J. McGovern, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P, EMS-I
APLS Program Coordinator
Lead Paramedic Instructor
New Haven Sponsor Hospital Program
New Haven, Connecticut
Richard Meadows, EMT-P, RN, CCRN, BA, NCEE
Kanawha County Emergency Ambulance Authority Paramedic Program
Charleston, West Virginia
Dean C. Meenach, RN, BSN, CEN, CCRN, CPEN, EMT-P
Director of EMS Education
Mineral Area College
Park Hills, Missouri
Antoinette Melton-Tharrett, NREMT-P, Level III Kentucky Paramedic Instructor
Air-Evac Lifeteam
Albany, Kentucky
Lawrence “Lars” Mester, NREMT-P, EMT-T
Lakes Region General Hospital
Laconia, New Hampshire
Nicholas J. Montelauro, AAS, NREMT-P, FP-C, NCEE
Trans-Care Ambulance
Terre Haute, Indiana
William Montrie, AAS, EMT-P
Academic Program Chair – EMM/FST, Owens Community College
Toledo, Ohio
Captain-Paramedic, Springfield
Township Fire Department
Holland, Ohio
Patrick M. Mroczek, EMT-P
Ret Field Chief, Chgo Fire Dept
Didactic Coordinator,
Malcolm X College
Chicago, Illinois
Angel J. Nater, MS, EMT-P
Seminole State College
Sanford, Florida
Gregory S. Neiman, BA, NREMT-P, CEMA (VA)
Virginia Office of EMS
Glen Allen, Virginia
Brad Newbury, AAS/NREMT-P I/C
Director
National Medical Education & Training Center
West Bridgewater, Massachusetts
SGT Earl K. Newman III, NREMT-P, CCEMTP, Flight Medic
Rhode Island Army National Guard
Quonset Air National Guard Base
North Kingstown, Rhode Island
B. Jeanine Newton-Riner, EdD(s), MHSA, RRT, EMT-P
CoastalEMS
Savannah, Georgia
Laurie Oelslager, EdD, NREMT-P
South Central College
North Mankato, Minnesota
Mary Anne Pace, MPH, EMT
Education Program Manager
Ada County Paramedics
Boise, Idaho
Erica Marie Paredes, EMT, MBA, Clinical Specialist
Snowy River EMS Productions LLC
Phoenix, Arizona
Chad A. Parlier, AAS, NREMTP, CCEMTP
Davidson County CommunityCollege
Lexington, North Carolina
Christopher Patrello, BS, EMT-P I/C
Livingston County EMS
Howell, Michigan
Allen O. Patterson, BS, NREMT-P, LP, CCP, EMSC
National College of Technical
Instruction—Livermore
Livermore, California
Corey S. Pittman, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P, AASc-EMS, I/C
Mayland Community College
Spruce Pine, North Carolina
Kerry Sousa Pomelow, Paramedic, Education Coordinator
Maine EMS
Canaan, Maine
Lionel Powell, EMT-P
Crestview Medical Group
Salt Lake City, Utah
M. E. (Eddie) Pyle, RN, Paramedic
LSU Fire and Emergency Training Institute
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Sean C. Ralston, BS, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P
Regional EMS Coordinator
Maniilaq EMS
Kotzebue, Alaska
Mark J. Reed, EMT-Paramedic, NREMT-P
Emergency Medical Services Instructor, Portland Community College
Lieutenant/Paramedic, Retired, Columbia River Fire & Rescue
Portland, Oregon
Louis Robinson, MS, NREMT-P
Kanawha Valley Community and Technical College
Institute, West Virginia
Anthony Rowley, EMT-P
All State Career School
Lansdowne, Pennsylvania
Joseph J. Rubino, EMT-P, I/C
Course Coordinator, Instructor
Denton Township EMS Education
Prudenville, Michigan
Jennifer Russell, Paramedic
Bellingham, Washington
Ian T.T. Santee, MICT, MPA
Kapiolani Community College
Honolulu, Hawaii
Chris Schultz, MHA, NREMT-P, CMTE
Hennepin Technical College
Eden Prairie, Minnesota
Richard Shok, BSN, RN, EMS-I
Owner and Director
Code One Medical Solutions, LLC
Code One Training Solutions, LLC
East Hartford, Connecticut
Gursarn Singh, BS
EMS Director
University of Arkansas at Monticello
College of Technology, McGehee
McGehee, Arkansas
Alonzo W. Smith, BA, NREMT-P
Richland County Emergency Services Department
Columbia, South Carolina
Shadrach Smith, BS Bio, Paramedic
Program Director and Lead Instructor, Paramedic Advantage
Orange, California
George B. Snyder, BCJ, NREMT-P, CHEP, EMS-I/T
Director and Lead Instructor/EMS Coordinator, The Institute for Prehospital Care – Trumbull Memorial Hospital
Warren, Ohio
Fire Chief, Burghill Vernon Fire Department
Kinsman, Ohio
David Tauber, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P, FP-C, NCEE
Education Director, New Haven
Sponsor Hospital Program
New, Haven Connecticut
Executive Director, Advanced Life Support Institute
Conway, New Hampshire
James A. Temple, BA, NREMT-P, CCP
EMS Coordinator EICC
Eastern Iowa Community Colleges
Davenport, Iowa
Elizabeth A. Tomyl, EMT-P
National College of Technical
Instruction
Natick, Massachusetts
Wayne D. Turner, EMT-P, EMSI
Cincinnati State Technical and Community College
Cincinnati, Ohio
Eric Victorin, MBA, EMT-B (I)
The Valley Hospital Emergency Medical Services
Ridgewood, New Jersey
Susan Vigh, MEd, BSRRT, NREMTP, EMSI
Polaris Career Center and Auburn Career Center
Middleburg Heights, Ohio
Carl Voskamp, LicP
Victoria College
Victoria, Texas
Michael L. Wallace, MPA, EMT-P, CCEMT-P
Central Jackson County Fire
Protection District
Blue Springs, Missouri
Mark Warth, NREMT-P
EMS Training Coordinator
North Suburban Medical Center
Thornton, Colorado
Eric A. Wellman, BS, NREMT-P, CCEMTP
Southern Maine Community College
South Portland, Maine
Michael Wells, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P, CCP-C, BBA
Emergency Training Solutions
Mount Carmel, Tennessee
Richard C. Wilkinson, II, NRP, ALEM
Priority Medical Training
Harvest, Alabama
Monroe Yancie, AAS, EMTP
Primary Paramedic Instructor
IHM Academy of EMS
St. Louis, Missouri
David A. Young, BS, NREMT-P
Coordinator/Instructor EMS Programs
Western Piedmont Community College
Morganton, North Carolina
Photoshoot Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the following people and institutions for their collaboration on the photoshoots for this project. Their assistance was greatly appreciated.
Medical Advisor: Anthony
Caliguire, Lieutenant REMT-P
Scotia Fire Department
Scotia, New York
Paramedic Instructor Coordinator
Hudson Valley Community College Paramedic Program
Troy, New York
Medical Advisor: Guy Peifer, EMT-P
Director of Paramedic Education
Borough of Manhattan Community College
City University of New York
New York, New York
Medical Advisor: Keith Widmeier, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P, BS
Wayne County EMS
Monticello, Kentucky
Baltimore City Fire Department
Baltimore, Maryland
Karly Biddison
Glen Arm, Maryland
Damian L. Briscoe
Baltimore, Maryland
Christopher Franklin
Sykesville, Maryland
Travis Frazier
Baltimore, Maryland
Anthony Goldman
Baltimore, Maryland
Neil Holmes
Baltimore, Maryland
John R. Morris, IV
West Grove, Pennsylvania
Michael Norris
Baltimore, Maryland
Sarah Sette
Baltimore, Maryland
Ashley Slack
Elkridge, Maryland
Brian Slack
Maryland Institute of Emergency Medical Services Systems
Baltimore, Maryland
Larry Smith
Laurel, Maryland
Tina M. Stoltz
Preston, Maryland
Ronn Wade
Director, Anatomical Services Division
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Director, State Anatomy Board
Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
Baltimore, Maryland
Kyle Walcott
Baltimore, Maryland
A. Michael Walker, II, NREMT, CHSS, TCC
Kenova Fire-Rescue
Kenova, West Virginia
Juan Wilson
Baltimore, Maryland
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons would like to acknowledge the editors, authors, and reviewers of Volume 2 of Nancy Caroline’s Emergency Care in the Streets, Seventh Edition.
Series Editor
Andrew N. Pollak, MD, FAAOS
Professor of Orthopaedics, Head, Division of Orthopaedic Traumatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine
Associate Director of Trauma, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center
Medical Director, Baltimore County Fire Department
Baltimore, Maryland
Lead Editors
Bob Elling, MPA, EMT-P
Albany Medical Center—Clinical Instructor
Colonie EMS Department
Times Union Center EMS
Whiteface Mountain Medical Services
Colonie, New York
Mike Smith, BS, MICP
Program Chair, Emergency Medical and Health Services
Tacoma Community College
Tacoma, Washington
Authors
Chapter 29: Bruce Butterfras, MS Ed, LP
Assistant Professor, Director of Bachelor Degree Program
Department of Emergency Health Sciences
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas
Chapter 30: Barry Jensen, NREMT-P, NCEE
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Center for Prehospital Care
Los Angeles, California
Chapter 31: Chad E. Brocato, DHSc, REMT-P
Adjunct Faculty
Kaplan University
Chapter 32: Charles D. Bortle, EdD, RRT, NREMT-P
Director, Center for Clinical Competency
Albert Einstein Medical Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Chapter 33: Bryan Hess, NREMT-P
EMS Chief, Department and Education Director
Gunnison Valley Health EMS
Gunnison, Colorado
Chapter 34: Bryan Hess, NREMT-P
EMS Chief, Department and Education Director
Gunnison Valley Health EMS
Gunnison, Colorado
Chapter 35: Edward “Ted” Lee, AAS, BS, MEd, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P
EMT Paramedic Program Coordinator
Trident Technical College
Charleston, South Carolina
Chapter 36: Edward “Ted” Lee, AAS, BS, MEd, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P
EMT Paramedic Program Coordinator
Trident Technical College
Charleston, South Carolina
Chapter 36: Astra Paro, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P
Meducare Ambulance
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina
Chapter 37: David Ellis, BS, CCEMT-P, FP-C, CMTE
Program Manager
EagleMed, LLC
Greenville, South Carolina
Chapter 37: Daniel Doherty, AS, NREMT-P, CIC
Captain, Albany Fire Dept. (ret.)
Lead Instructor
SUNY, Cobleskill Paramedic Program
Cobleskill, New York
Chapter 38*: Frederick “Fritz” Fuller, BS, PA-C, REMT-P, MPH&TM
Former Firefighter/Paramedic West Thurston (WA) Fire and Rescue
Foreign Service Health Practitioner, United States Department of State
US Embassy Lao PDR
*The content herein represents the views of the authors and not the Department of Defense or Department of State.
Chapter 38: Bridgett Sinnott, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine
Madigan Army Medical Center
Tacoma, Washington
Chapter 38: COl Ian Wedmore, MD, FACEP, FAWM, DiMM
Austere and Wilderness Medicine Fellowship
Department of Emergency Medicine
Madigan Army Medical Center
Tacoma, Washington
Chapter 39: Bob Elling, MPA, EMT-P
Albany Medical Center—Clinical Instructor
Colonie EMS Department
Times Union Center EMS
Whiteface Mountain Medical Services
Colonie, New York
Chapter 40: Bob Elling, MPA, EMT-P
Albany Medical Center—Clinical Instructor
Colonie EMS Department
Times Union Center EMS
Whiteface Mountain Medical Services
Colonie, New York
Chapter 41: Carol Gupton, BS, NREMT-P
Emergency Provider Instruction
Omaha, Nebraska
Chapter 42: Patricia R. Chess, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics (Neonatology) and Biomedical Engineering
Director, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Fellowship Program
University of Rochester Medical Center
Golisano Children’s Hospital at Strong
Rochester, New York
Chapter 42: Yogangi Malhotra, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Neonatology
Regional Perinatal Center QA Coordinator
Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital at Westchester Medical Center
Valhalla, New York
Chapter 42: Nirupama Laroia, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology
Medical Director, Special Care Nursery, Rochester General Hospital
Golisano Children’s Hospital at Strong
University of Rochester Medical Center
Rochester, New York
Chapter 43: Stephen John Cico, MD, MEd
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington
Associate Fellowship Director, Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Attending Physician, Emergency Medicine
Seattle Children’s Hospital
Seattle, Washington
Chapter 43: Derya Caglar, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington
Attending Physician, Emergency Medicine
Seattle Children’s Hospital
Seattle, Washington
Chapter 43: Kimberly P. Stone, MD, MS, MA
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington
Co-Director, Pediatric Emergency Simulation
Attending Physician, Emergency Medicine
Seattle Children’s Hospital
Seattle, Washington
Chapter 44: Keith Widmeier, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P, EMSI, BA
Wayne County EMS
Monticello, Kentucky
Chapter 45: Andrew Bartkus, RN, MSN, JD, CEN, CCRN, CFRN, NREMT-P, FP-C
Lifeguard Air Emergency Services
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Chapter 46: Anne Austin, NREMT-P, AAS
H.E.R.O. Training Company
Thomaston, Georgia
Chapter 47: Anne Austin, NREMT-P, AAS
H.E.R.O. Training Company
Thomaston, Georgia
Chapter 48: James W. Call
Fire Captain / Paramedic
Alameda County Fire Department
San Leandro, California
Chapter 49: Rob Schnepp
Division Chief, Special Operations
Alameda County Fire Department
San Leandro, California
Chapter 50: Donnell Harvin, MPH, MPA
Deputy Director, Special Operations
New York City
Office of Chief Medical Examiner
New York, New York
Adjunct Instructor, Protection Management Department, John Jay College
Executive Committee, Regenhard Center for Emergency Response Studies (RaCERS)
New York, New York
Chapter 50: Daniel Doherty, AS, NREMT-P, CIC
Captain, Albany Fire Dept. (ret.)
Lead Instructor
SUNY, Cobleskill Paramedic Program
Cobleskill, New York
Chapter 51: Daniel Doherty, AS, NREMT-P, CIC
Captain, Albany Fire Dept. (ret.)
Lead Instructor
SUNY, Cobleskill Paramedic Program Cobleskill, New York
Chapter 52: Donnell Harvin, MPH, MPA
Deputy Director, Special Operations
New York City
Office of Chief Medical Examiner
Adjunct Instructor, Protection Management Department, John Jay College
Executive Committee, Regenhard Center for Emergency Response Studies (RaCERS)
New York, New York
Rhonda J. Beck, NREMT-P
EMT/Paramedic Instructor
Darton College
Albany, Georgia
Crisp County EMS-Paramedic
Cordele, Georgia
Julie Chase, MSEd, FAWM, FP-C
Program Director, Immersion EMS Academy
Berryville, Virginia
Gail C. Larkin, BS, EMT-P
Medical Administrator, Medcor, Inc.
MTA East Side Access Tunnel Construction Project
Long Island City, Queens, New York
Patty Maher, MPA, EMTP
Professor/Assistant Chair—EMS
Daytona State College
Daytona Beach, Florida
Dean C. Meenach, RN, BSN, CEN, CCRN, CPEN, EMT-P
Director of EMS Education
Assistant Professor
Mineral Area College
Park Hills, Missouri
Jeanine Newton-Riner, EdD (c), MHSA, RRT, CICP, EMT-P
Operations Manager
CoastalEMS
Savannah, Georgia
Brittany Ann Williams, MHSc, BSRT, NREMT-P
Associate Professor EMS
Santa Fe College
Gainesville, Florida
Reviewers
Sean M. Ahlers, MS, NREMT-P
Emergency Training Associates
Fargo, North Dakota
Chip Anderson, EMT-P
BFC Emergency Preparedness
Training Center
Randolph, Alabama
Linda Bell, MSN, ARNP, EMT-P
Consultant Services Educational
Company
Middleburg, Florida
Tim Bobbitt, EMT-P
St. Charles County Ambulance District
Florissant, Missouri
Kathy Boyle, MEd, MS, RRT-NPS, NREMT-P
Southeast Arkansas College
Pine Bluff, Arizona
Joyce S. Bradley, NREMT-P I/C AAS, BHCS
Program Director
Dona Ana Community College
Las Cruces, New Mexico
Serena L. Brafford, BS, NREMT-P, CCT-P
Mathias-Baker EMS
Baker, West Virginia
Scott A. Brandenburg, BS, CCEMT-P, EMS I/C
Southwestern Michigan College
Dowagiac, Michigan
Terry Brandt, NREMT-P
Montana State University – Great Falls
South Great Falls, Montana
Max Todd Bridges, NREMTP, MBA
Upstate EMS Council
Greenville, South Carolina
Rick Brown, RN, BSN, CEN
Kaweah Delta Medical Center
Visalia, California
Shirley Bonnie Burtman, RN, NREMT-P, CIC, FMCC
Johnstown, New York
Anthony M. Caliguire, AS, REMT-P
Lieutenant
Scotia Fire Department
Scotia, New York
Paramedic Instructor Coordinator
Hudson Valley Community College Paramedic Program
Troy, New York
Amy K. Cantwell, FP-C, NREMT-P
Stafford, Virginia
Tiffany L. Cattey, NREMT-P, ACLS-F, PALS-F, BLS-I
Campion Ambulance Service, Inc.
Waterbury, Connecticut
Ted Chialtas
Fire Captain/Paramedic
San Diego Fire-Rescue Department
Clinical Coordinator
EMSTA College
Santee, California
Russ Christiansen, NREMT-P, CCEMTP
Casper College
Casper, Wyoming
Topsfield Fire Department
Essex County Fire Chiefs Association
Topsfield, Massachusetts
Darby L. Copeland, EdD, RN, NREMT-P
Parkway West Career & Technology Center
Oakdale, Pennsylvania
Sharon Ann Cotter, APRN, FNP, MSN, NREMT-P
Foster Ambulance Corps
Foster, Rhode Island
Christopher Crabtree, MPA, CHEP, NREMT-P
Healthcare Association of Hawaii
Emergency Services
Aiea, Hawaii
Michael Crabtree, EMT-P
McLean County Area EMS System
Bloomington, Illinois
Rocky E. Cramer
Paramedic, I/C
Flint Hills Technical College
Emporia, Kansas
Jeanne Curry, RN, BSN, TNS
Paramedic, EMS Lead Instructor
Passavant Area Hospital
Jacksonville, Illinois
Jeffery D. Denney
Paramedic, Level II Instructor
Med Ed
Newnan, Georgia
Annie Dorchak, BA, NREMTP
Evergreen Fire/Rescue
Evergreen, Colorado
Rommie L. Duckworth
New England Center for Rescue and Emergency Medicine
Sherman, Connecticut
William Faust, MPA, NREMT-P
Gaston College
Dallas, North Carolina
Ronald L. Feller Sr, NRP, BS Ed
Oklahoma City Community College
Moore, Oklahoma
Melvin Dennis Fortney III, NREMTP, MS
Battalion Chief
Frederick County Division of Fire and Rescue Services
Frederick, Maryland
Scott R. Frasard, PhD, EMT-P
Cardinal Health
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Brian Fullgraf, NREMT-P, FP-C
UPMC Prehospital Services
Canonsburg, Pennsylvania
Glenn Goodman, NREMT-P
Health Education Design Solutions Inc.
Ft. Meade, South Dakota
Lt. Kathleen D. Grote, NREMTP
Anne Arundel County Fire Department
Millersville, Maryland
Chris Hainsworth, MS, NREMTP
Delaware Technical Community College
Dover, Delaware
Wendy Steel Hastings, EMT-P
LTS EMS Council
Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania
Lynn Henley, NREMT-P I/C
Director of Education & QA
AAA Ambulance Service
AHA TC Coordinator
Hattiesburg, Mississippi
Glenn R. Henry, MA, EMT-P
Athens Technical College
Athens, Georgia
David Hiltbrunn, NRP, CCTP
EMT Institute, St. Mary Corwin Pore-Hospital Care Services
Pueblo, Colorado
Catie Holstein, CCEMTP, SEI
Clinical Manager
Rural/Metro Ambulance of Greater Seattle, Inc.
Everett, Washington
James B. Huettenmueller, BS
EMS Clinical Coordinator/Instructor
Tulsa Tech
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Brian E. Johns, CCEMT-P, I/C
Lifestar EMS/Tri-State EMS Educators
West Ossipee, New Hampshire
Stacy Johnson, BS, EMT-P, I/C
EMS Program Director
Motlow State Community College
Fayetteville, Tennessee
Joe H. Jones, NREMT-P
Affiliate Faculty
Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College
Gulfport, Mississippi
Sue A. Kartman, CCEMT-P, BS
Wisconsin Indianhead Technical School
Rice Lake, Wisconsin
Madison Area Technical College
Reedsburg, Wisconsin
Northcentral Technical College
Wausau, Wisconsin
Kimberly Kidd, BS, EMT-P
Cape Fear Community College
Wilmington, North Carolina
Joshua L. Kingsmore, NRP
Spartanburg Community College
Inman, South Carolina
Tom Lateulere
Chief of Education and Training
Suffolk County Division of EMS
Hauppauge, New York
Kristina A. Long, NREMT-P, BAS
Flathead Valley Community College
Paramedicine Program
Kalispell, Montana
EMS Program Coordinator
Carteret Community College
Morehead City, North Carolina
Stephen E. McClure
Director
Jackson County EMS
Cottageville, West Virginia
Roger L. McDiffett, MBA, NREMT-P
Director of Community Health Services
Maniilaq EMS
Kotzebue, Alaska
Rich Meadows, EMT-P, RN, CCRN, BA, NCEE, CCT-RN
Kanawha County Emergency
Ambulance Authority
Charleston, West Virginia
Travis A. Myklebust
Lewiston Fire Department
Lewiston, Idaho
Tamera Nailen, AAS, NREMT-P
Hinds Community College
Pearl, Mississippi
Thomas R. Neal
Indianapolis Fire Department
Battalion Chief of US&R Training
IN-TF1
FEMA US&R Haz Mat/WMD Work Group Chair
Indianapolis, Indiana
Melissa Osborne, BS, EMS-I, CCEMTP, NREMT-P
Ambulance Service of Manchester
Manchester, Connecticut
Elizabeth H. Owen, BS, RN, CCEMT-P
Colorado Mountain College
Edwards, Colorado
Erica Marie Paredes, EMT, MBA
EMS Clinical Specialist
Snowy River EMS Productions, LLC
Phoenix, Arizona
Vincent J. Parker, MS, NREMT-P
Faulkner State Community College
Gulf Shores, Alabama
Corey S. Pittman, NREMT-P, CCEMT-P, AASc-EMS, I/C
Mayland Community College
Spruce Pine, North Carolina
Stephen Post, NREMT-P, CIC, RF
SUNY Rockland Community College
Middletown, New York
Scott Reasor, Paramedic
EMT & Fire Training, Inc.
Priest Lake, Idaho
Lori Reeves, BA, EMT-P
Indian Hills Community College
Ottumwa, Iowa
Joseph J. Rubino
Paramedic, Instructor/Coordinator
Denton Township EMS Education
Prudenville, Michigan
Robert Russell, CCEMT-P, NREMT-P
North East Mobile Health Services
Scarborough, Maine
Todd Schanze, EMT-P
Moses Lake, Washington
Jason G. Scheiderer, BA, NREMT-P, PI
Wishard Health Service/UPUI/Indianapolis EMS
Indianapolis, Indiana
Lieutenant Jared Schreher, EMT-LP
Collin College
McKinney, Texas
Robert W. Seltzer, BS, EFO
Chief of Department
Central Coventry Fire District
Adjunct Faculty
Community College of Rhode
Island
Coventry, Rhode Island
Elizabeth A. Sheils, MPH, NRP, CCEMT-P, EMS-I
Capitol Community College
Hartford, Connecticut
Brock Snedeker, MEd, NREMT
Parkway West Career and Technology Center
Oakdale, Pennsylvania
Pamela N. Taylor, EMT-P, PI
Division Chief of EMS
Westfield Fire Department
Westfield, Indiana
Eric Victorin, MBA, EMT (I), NREMTP
The Valley Hospital Emergency Medical Services
Ridgewood, New Jersey
Dawn K. Vogt, MICP, NREMTP, CCEMTP
EMS Programs Director
Denali Medical Education
Wasilla, Arkansas
Carl Voskamp, LicP
The Victoria College
Victoria, Texas
Walter B.A. Webel, BSHS, AS, NREMT-P
Savannah Technical College
Savannah, Georgia
Brittany Ann Williams, MHSc, BSRT-NPS, NREMT-P
Santa Fe College
Gainesville, Florida
David A. Young, BS, NREMT-P
Western Piedmont Community College
Morganton, North Carolina
Thomas Andrew Young Jr
Fayetteville High School
Criminal Justice
Fayetteville, Tennessee
We would like to thank the following people and institutions for their collaboration on the photoshoots for this project. Their assistance was greatly appreciated.
Medical Advisor: Anthony M. Caliguire, AS, REMT-P
Lieutenant
Scotia Fire Department
Scotia, New York
Paramedic Instructor Coordinator
Hudson Valley Community College Paramedic Program
Troy, New York
Barry Bashkoff
Cromwell Emergency Vehicles Inc.
Clifton Park, New York
Erica D’Errico
Schenectady, New York
Glen E. Ellman
Fort Worth Fire Department
Fort Worth, Texas
Paul Felts
Ballston Lake, New York