Are you so smart that you truly know who’s to blame? If you ask the Viet Cong, they’ll blame the Americans. If you ask the Americans, they’ll blame the North. If you ask the North, they’ll blame the South. If you ask the South, they’ll blame the Viet Cong. If you ask the monks, they’ll blame the Catholics, or tell you our ancestors did something terrible and so brought this endless suffering on our heads.

—When Heaven and Earth Changed Places

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Vietnam is like a huge jigsaw puzzle where none of the pieces fit.

—Ba Rose: My Years in Vietnam, 1968–1971