Index

Accius, 152–8

acclamation, 116

Aeneas, 154, 159

Aesopus, 117

Ajax, 157

Alexandria, 64, 70–2, 116, 131, 149

alphabet, 3

amanuensis, 79, 103

Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, 118

amicitia, 60–1, 74, 108, 168

Ammianus Marcellinus, 134–7, 140

anagnostes, 79–80

Ankara, 41

Antioch, 41, 64, 136, 152, 161

antiquarian bookshops, 57

Antoninus, Arrius, 159

Antoninus Pius, Emperor, 113

Antony, Mark, 97, 154

Appian, 48

Apuleius, 100

Argiletum, 57–9, 62–4

Aristotle, 57, 68, 73, 84, 114, 118, 131, 150

Athenaeum, 100

Athens, 64, 68–9, 84

Atilius, 157

Atrectus, 59–60, 63, 90

Atrium Libertatis, 69, 97, 100

Attalus, King of Pergamum, 98

Atticus, 9, 49, 53–6, 68, 80–2, 99, 153

auctor, 79

audience (at recitatio, at theatre), 108, 152

Augustine, St, 15, 64, 118, 121, 134, 136, 154

Augustus, Emperor, 23, 41–2, 47, 63, 97–9, 105, 116, 123, 130, 137, 149, 156, 169

Aurelian, Emperor, 131

Aurelius, Marcus, Emperor, 4, 73, 83, 101, 158, 169

Ausonius Pergamus, 176

authenticity of texts, 133

Balbus, Cornelius, 157

Bardo Museum, Tunis, 27

Basilica Ulpia, 33

Bathyllos, 148

bibliopola, 60–3, 79

‘Birt scenario’, 8ff.

Black Sea, 100

body language, 119

book(s)

aesthetics of, 35–7

as cultural icons, 40–4

book-boxes, 17, 23, 30, 164

burnings, 137–8

circulation, 57

covers, 17, 164

functions of, 163–4

image-making for ruling class, 167–8

reference books, 106

trade, 63–6

bookworms, 131

Brindisi (Brundisium), 64–6

Brutus, 142, 154

Cadiz (Gades), 105

Caesar, Julius, 3, 117, 120, 131, 157, 169, 176

Caesar’s Forum, 60

calendar, Roman origin, 3

Caligula, Emperor, 70, 138

cantare, 120

Caracalla, Emperor, 69, 136

Carthage, 64–9

Cassiodorus, 130

Cassius, 142, 157

cathedrals, medieval, 172

Cato the Elder, 98

Cato the Younger, 54, 86, 150, 176

Catullus, 3–4, 46–8, 57, 98–9, 103, 130, 155–8

chanting, 117; see also acclamation

Charlemagne, 134

China, 5

Christianity, 15, 22–6, 134–6

Chrysippus, 68

Cicero, 3, 8, 24, 41–2, 48–9, 54–7, 60, 68, 80–3, 88, 98–9, 117–21, 134, 152

circulation of books, 57

Circus Maximus, 112

clappers, Nero’s paid, 153

Claudius, Emperor, 81, 88, 104–5, 108–9, 156, 169

Clio, Muse of History, 27

codex, book format, 15–16, 21–6, 134, 162

collegium poetarum, 98

columns, written, 22, 36–7

Commodus, Emperor, 116, 154

Comum, 69

Cordus, Cremutius, 137–8, 142

coronis, 42

costs (of materials), 19–21

Crassus, 80–2

Crates, 40, 98

Crato, 159

creolisation of Latin language, 170

Cumaean Sybil, 135

Cytheris (Volumnia), 154

dance theatre, 150

Deios, 59, 65

delatores (informers), 139

Demetrius, 59, 64–5

diadosis, 87, 90

dictation, 87, 102

dicto, 86–7

Dido, 154

Dio Chrysostom, 84, 112, 117, 143, 149, 174

Diocletian, Emperor, 19–20, 69, 135–6

Dionysius, 82

Dionysius Thrax, 120

Diphilus, 80–2

diplê, 42

divination, 136

divulgare, 86–8

Domitian, Emperor, 5, 47, 61, 101, 135–43, 155, 159, 174

Dorus, 58–60, 62–3

edere, 86–8

edict on prices, Diocletian’s, 19–20

editio, 87–9, 102, 110

education, Roman, 29, 117, 165–8

Egypt, 15–17, 40–2, 64–5

ekdosis, 87, 90

Elagabalus, Emperor, 154

emittere, 86–8

Encolpius, 83, 111

Ennius, 47, 112, 155, 158

Eros, 83

Eumolpus, 111–12

exceptor, 79–81

executors, literary, 47

eyesight, failing, 5

fabulae salticae, 159

Favorinus, 112–13

Fidentinus, 133

fire risk, 18, 131

Flaccus, Valerius, 139

flatfoots (planipes), 147

footnotes, 5

Forum of Pallas, 59

Fronto, Cornelius, 4, 73, 100, 133, 158, 169

Galen, 71, 100–1, 131–3, 176

Gallus, Cornelius, 40, 154

Gellius, Aulus, 4, 41, 57–9, 65, 71–3, 100, 113, 133, 155, 158

gender gap, 5

Germanicus, 116

gift-exchange culture, 169

Giton, 111

glutinator, 79–81

Gordian, Emperor, 169

Gracchus, Gaius, 116

Gracchus, Sempronius, 158

Greece, 113

Hadrian, Emperor, 35, 39, 46, 69, 81, 100, 139

Herculaneum, 30, 69, 102, 115, 131

Herennius, see Senecio

Hermogenes of Tarsus, 143

Hesiod, 84, 159

Hippo, 64–6

Hippocrates, 132

history writing, 104–5, 140–3, 160, 169

history as politics, 143

Homer, 48, 84, 159

Horace, 41, 48, 53, 57, 63, 79, 83, 88–9, 97–9, 103, 111, 129, 140, 157, 178

Hypsicrates, 64

iambic mimes (mimiambos), 159

index, 5

infamis, 149, 153, 158

ink, 18, 21

intellectual property rights, 5

interpuncts, 35–40

Isidore of Seville, 45, 175–6

Islam, 25

Jerome, St, 175–6

Jovian, Emperor, 135–6

Julian, Emperor, 169

Justinian, Emperor, 15

Juvenal, 112, 134, 153–5, 159

Laberius, mime writer, 158

Labienus, Titus, 137

Lambinus, 49

Lampadio, C. Octavius, 47

lector, 80, 87, 107, 113

lego, 86–7

letters, collections of, 106

Lex Julia Theatralis, 153

Libanius, 64, 160

library/libraries

borrowing from, 72–3

chairs and tables, 37, 72–3

Hadrian’s, in Athens, 33

holdings, 71

imperial, 67

looting, 67–8

management, 71

Palatine, 69–70, 72

private, 67

public, 67

Trajan’s, 33, 70, 73

librarius, 29, 54, 58, 66, 79, 81, 102

librarius legionis, 81

Licinius, 103

Ligurius, 56

literacy, 3–5, 38, 114–15, 164–5

literature

bonding mechanism for elite, 171–2

dangerous concept, 10

fashion in, 133

Livius Andronicus, 147

Livy, 11, 24, 41–2, 60, 70, 81, 105, 135–6

lost meanings, 48

Lucan, 69, 142–3, 159

Lucian, 105, 111, 152, 159–60, 168

Lucretius, 41

Lucullus, Marcus Licinius, 68

Lyceum, 84, 131

Lycinus, 159

Lyon, 64–6, 70, 174

lyristes, 113

Macrinus, 117

Maecenas, 123

maiestas (treason), 140–2

Marcellus, 60, 104

Marius Maximus, 134

Marrakech, 111

Marseilles (Massilia), 20, 70

Martial, 23–4, 57–73, 81–3, 100–4, 108–13, 130–3, 139, 176

Martin, St, of Tours, 58

Maternus, Curiatus, 141, 158

Matius, Gnaius, 158

Matthew, gospel of, 46

Melpomene, Muse of Tragedy, 27

membrana, 23–5; see also parchment; vellum

memory, 121

Memphius, Apolaustus Aurelius, 160

Menander, 100

Menophilus, 82

mice, 131

mime, 32, 147–51, 158

mime writers, 158

Montanus, Curtius, 142

Montanus, Julius, 107–9, 120

monumentum, to an author’s life, 129

Morocco, 111

muffled song, 119–20

multi-cultural society, 171–2

music, 32, 115–16, 147

musical score, text as, 121–2

Naevius, 47

Nazis, 135, 140

Nepos, Cornelius, 105, 131–7, 142–3, 148, 153–4, 159, 169

Nero, Emperor, 105, 131, 135–7, 142–3, 148, 153–4, 159, 169

Neumagen, Germany, 29

Niger, 83

notarius, 79–81

Odeon, theatre, 155

oral society, 10–11, 112–14, 122–5, 147, 170–3

oratory, 117, 168

ordo, rankings in theatre, in society, 153

Ovid, 3, 41, 48, 70–5, 100, 117, 136–40, 152–6, 178

Oxyrhynchus, 17, 37, 41, 64–6

Paconius, Sextus, 142

Paetus, Thrasea, 143

‘pagan’, 15

page numbers, 5, 22

Palatine, 69, 112, 131

pantomime, 147–51

paper, 5, 18–19

papyrus, 5, 9, 15–20, 24–6

Paquius Proculus, 28

paradosis, 87, 90

paragraphus, 36, 42–3

parchment, 15–16, 18, 23–4; see also membrana

Paris, pantomime dancer, 159

Paulus, Lucius Aemilius, 68

Percennius, 152

Pergamum, 70, 131

Perseus, King of Bithynia, 68, 157

Persius, 68, 106–7

Petronianus, Valerius, 31

Petronius, 167

Philemon, 100

Philodemus, 102

Philostratus, 174

Pictor, Fabius, 58, 98

piracy, intellectual, 5

Piso, Calpurnius, 100, 109, 166

plagiarism, 5, 131–3

Plato, 84, 136, 150

Plautus, 68, 133, 158

Pliny the Elder, 9, 15, 17, 66–8, 71–2, 81, 106, 156, 160

Pliny the Younger

and bookshops, 59, 61–4

and Tacitus, 141

his ‘pantomime letter’, 107

home town library, 69

stages of composition, 95, 100–5, 130

Plutarch, 108, 118

Pollio, Asinius, 69–70, 97–9, 100, 140, 157

Polybius, 98

Pompeii, xii, 5, 28, 32, 39, 115, 152

Pompey’s theatre, 149, 152

Pomponius, Publius Secundus, 156–7

Porticus of Octavia, 69

praeconium, 55

praelectio, 44,118

printing industry, 5, 8, 21

Priscus, Helvidius, 142, 159

Propertius, 48

prostitution, publication as, 130

publicare, 86–7

punctuation, 5, 7, 36ff.

Puteoli, 155

Pylades, 148, 152

Quintilian, 60–2, 69–72, 88–9, 102–6, 116–20, 132, 157, 176

reading

as after-dinner entertainment, 113, 164–5

aloud, 117–18

skill of, 43–4, 118

recitatio

as performance, 106–9, 119

audience at, 108

aural memory of, 44

bonding mechanism, 166

central role of, as publication, 11, 56, 75, 95–6, 100–1, 110, 164

style v. content, 109

Remigius, Bishop, 64

Res Gestae, 41–2

Rheims, 66

rights payments, 7, 9, 62

river of letters, see scriptura continua

Romania, 137

Romanitas, 11, 162, 169

Romanus, Vergilius, 159

Roscius, 117

Rufus, Varius, 156

Rusticus, Arulenus, 137, 142

Sabinus, Calvisius, 84

Sallust, 4, 41, 98, 113, 143

Sandaliario, 58

Sappho fresco, 34

scapus, 17

Scaurus, Mamercus Aemilius, 137, 142, 157

scriba, 79

scribes, 7, 9, 20, 25, 37–8, 42

scribo, 86

scriptor, 79

scriptoria, 9, 22, 25

scriptura continua (river of letters), 35–6, 39, 44, 124, 164

scroll, 7, 15–16, 21–2, 25–6, 30, 46, 162

Secundus, 59–60, 63

Sejanus, 105

Seneca the Elder, 69, 121, 158

Seneca the Younger, 40, 58, 69, 97–108, 112, 130, 135, 142–3, 150, 157–8

Senecio, Herennius, 137, 142–3

sententia, 118

Septimius Severus, Emperor, 117

Servius, 154

Severus Alexander, Emperor, 69

Severus, Cassius, 137, 141

Severus, Sulpicius, 58

Sextus, 70–1

shorthand, 175ff.

Sidonius, 64, 178

Sigillaria, 57–8

Silius Italicus, 100, 139

Silo, 158

slaves, 38, 49, 82–7, 130, 132

song, 115–16, 147

Sosianus, Antistius, 142

Sosii brothers, 53–6, 59, 62, 178

Sositheus, 82

Sousse, 27

Speakers’ Corner, 97

special speech, 119

stages of composition, 95, 100–5, 130

Stalin, 139–40

Statius, 48, 89, 100, 139, 155, 159, 172

Stilicho, 136

storytellers, professional, 112

Strabo, 131,152

strippers, 150

structuring of a work, author’s, 45ff.

Suetonius, 23, 40, 70, 83, 88, 97–100, 104–5, 109, 112, 120, 135, 139, 141–2, 176

Suffenus, 46

Sulla (not the dictator), 176

Sulla the Dictator, 57, 68, 158

Sulpicia, 5

Symmachus, 88

Syrus, Publilius, 158

Tacitus, Emperor, 47, 71

Tacitus, historian, 3, 11, 47, 89, 100, 104–5, 117, 134–43, 148

Tarquinius Priscus, King, 135

Terence, 68

terminology, problem of, 9

Tertullian, 149

texts

as machine for making sounds,11, 121–2

lifeless, 124

textual communities, 170

theatre, 11, 44, 49, 147ff., 171

Thebes, 152

theft, 131

Theophrastus, 131

Thucydides, 46

Tiberius, 69–70, 105, 135–7, 140–2, 149, 157–8

Tibullus, 5

Timagenes of Alexandria, 137

Timgad, 69

Tiro, 49, 80–3, 175

Titian Baths, 113

title tags, 30

Titus, Emperor, 71, 116, 131, 176

Tivoli (Tibur), 73, 160

trade routes, 19

tragedy, 156

Trajan, Emperor, 69, 101, 148, 159, 174

Trajan’s Forum, 33, 112

treason, see maiestas

Trier, 29

Trimalchio, 167

Troy, 111

Tryphon, 53–63, 66, 88, 90, 104

Turnus, 154

Tyrannio, 82

Ummidia, 147

Valens, Emperor, 135–7

Varguntius, Quintus, 47, 112

Varro, 68, 70, 74, 97–9, 106, 133, 135, 178

Veiento, Fabricus, 137–8, 142

Velleius Paterculus, 143

vellum, 21, 25; see also parchment; membrana

Verres, 42

Vespasian, Emperor, 69, 116, 139–41, 157

Vesuvius, Mount, 115, 131

Vicus Tuscus, 62–4

Villa dei Papiri, 69, 131

Vindolanda, 81

Virgil, 3, 24–7, 41–8, 58, 70, 83, 99–100, 107–9, 115, 120–4, 134–7, 154–7, 160, 171

Vitruvius, 86

Volumnia (Cytheris), 154

Volumnius, 154

Volusius, 130

wax tablets, 23, 30–1, 34, 103

word order, in Latin, 43

wrapping paper, bookrolls as, 130

writing, use of, 123–5, 162, 171–3

Xanthias, 176