INDEX
*The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.
Page numbers in italic indicate maps.
Aachen, Germany, 209
Abbottabad, Pakistan, 345–346
Abrams, Creighton, 279
Abrams tanks, 297, 307–308, 332, 334–335, 336
Abu al-Khasib, Iraq, 326
“aces,” 158–159, 161
Acheson, Dean, 240, 246
Adams, John, 12
Ad Diwaniyah, Iraq, 328
Aden, Yemen, 344
Adriatic Sea, 134
AD Skyraiders, 250
aerial photography, 159
Afghanistan (2001-2014), xvi, 318, 341–353, 342, 365
Africa, 135, 136, 199
African-Americans, 76, 85, 147, 163, 194, 273
Afrika Korps, 189
Aguinaldo, Emilio, 116
Airacobras, 183
aircraft carriers, 178–179. See also specific aircraft carriers
aircraft used in war, 158–161, 169. See also specific aircraft
Air Force. See U.S. Air Force
air-to-air refueling, 251
Aisne River, 129
AK-47s, 351
Alabama, 42, 70, 76, 83, 95
Alamo, 51
Alaska, 183, 218, 228
Al Aziziyah, Iraq, 329
Albany, NY, 9, 10, 11
Albert (King of Belgium), 127
Aleutian Islands, 218–219, 228
Alexander, Sir Harold “Alex,” 189, 201
Alexandria, VA, 39
Al-Faw Peninsula, Iraq, 319, 325
Algiers, Algeria, 189
Allenby, Edmund, 133
Allied powers, WWII, 171–172, 184, 187, 233–234. See also America; Great Britain; Russia
Almond, Edward, 245
Almond, Ned, 250
al-Qaeda, 331, 344–345, 347, 348–349, 350, 351, 352, 353
Alsace, France, 125, 127, 128, 165, 166
al-Sahhaf, Mohammed Saeed “Baghdad Bob,” 333, 335
al-Saud, Khalid bin Sultan, 299, 310
Alvarez, Everett, 262–263
“Ambush Alley,” Iraq, 328
America at war, xv–xvii. See also casualties; U.S.; specific foreign governments, geographic locations, and wars
American Expeditionary Force (AEF), 143, 144–148, 149, 152–154, 156–158, 163, 167, 171, 172
American Foreign Ministry, 56
American Signal Corps, 109
American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 148
America’s Longest War (Herring), 283
Amiens, France, 155–156
amphibious operations, 54, 192, 199, 223, 242, 300
Ampudia, Pedro de, 50, 51
Andrew Doria (Continental brig), 12
Ankara, Turkey, 295
An Nasiriyah, Iraq, 323, 324, 327–328, 330
An Numaniyah, Iraq, 329
Ansar al-Islam, 331
Antietam, MD, xv, 79–80, 81, 87, 97
Antung, China, 243, 252
Antwerp, Belgium, 209
Anzio, Italy, 192, 193
Apache helicopters, 301, 321, 328, 329
Ap Bac, Vietnam, 260–261
Apennine Mountains, 192
Apollo Program, 208
Appomattox Court House, VA, 96
Archangel, Russia, 183
Arctic Circle, 183
Ardennes, 209
Argentia in Placentia Bay, 184, 185
Argonne, France, 162
Arista, Mariano, 50
Arizona, 49, 64, 162, 263
Arkansas, 71
armored warfare, 308
Armstrong, Neil, 251
Army. See U.S. Army
Army of Northern Virginia, 71, 73, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 92, 93, 94, 95–96, 96, 98, 99
Army of the Cumberland, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92
Army of the Potomac, 71, 72–73, 73–74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83–84, 87, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98
Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), 260, 261, 271, 273, 274, 275, 276, 279–280, 282, 283
Army of the Tennessee, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92
Arnold, Benedict, 5, 6, 10, 11, 16
Arnold, Henry H., 186–187, 292
Arras, France, 139–140
As Samawah, Iraq, 323, 324
Associated Press, 227
Atlanta, GA, 91, 92
Atlantic Charter, 184–185, 185–186
Atlantic Monthly, 333
Atlantic Ocean, 13, 64, 149, 195, 196, 197
“Atlantic Wall, the,” 202
atomic bombing, Japan, 230–231, 235–236
Attu, Aleutian Islands, 218–219
Auschwitz camp, Germany, 211
Australia/Australians
Afghanistan (2001-2014), 352
Gulf War (1990-1991), 296, 304, 352
Iraq (2003-2011), 319
Korea (1950-1953), 249, 352
Vietnam (1965-1975), 269, 352
World War I (1914-1918), 137, 155–156
World War II (1939-1945), 212, 213, 215, 221, 227, 229
Austria, 180
Austrian-Hungarian Empire, 124, 125, 132, 133, 134–135, 164, 166, 167
Avengers, 182
Axis powers, WWII, 187. See also Germany; Italy; Japan
B-17 Flying Fortresses, 192, 198, 199
B-24s, 192, 196, 198, 199
B-25s, 214
B-29s, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 230, 235, 236
B-52s, 274–275, 278, 280, 281, 345
Baghdad, Iraq, 297, 301, 302, 312–313, 318, 319, 320, 323, 324–325, 327, 329, 330, 331–336, 337, 338, 340
Bahrain, 295
Bahr al Milh, Iraq, 332
Baker, James A., 295–296, 299, 300, 304
Balkans, 164, 166
Baltic states, 132
Baltimore, MD, 33, 34, 39, 42
Bamiyan, Afghanistan, 343
Bancroft, George, 54
Banks, Nathaniel P., 90
Barbary pirates, 32
Barry, Stephen, 335–336
Barton, Clara, 113
Basra, Iraq, 309, 319, 325, 326, 334
Bastogne, Belgium, 209
Bataan Death March, 213
Battle of Britain, 182
Battle of the Atlantic, 195, 196
Battle of the Bulge, 209, 210
Battle of the Saints, 21
battles. See specific battles (listed by geographic location)
Baylies, Frank, 160
Beatty, David, 149
Beaver Dam, Canada, 36
Beirut, Lebanon, 311
Belgium
1812, 41
Korea (1950-1953), 249
World War I (1914-1918), 124, 127, 128, 129, 130–131, 136–137, 140, 142, 150, 159, 162, 167, 169
World War II (1939-1945), 182, 202, 208, 209
Belleau Wood, France, 154–155, 158
Belmont, MO, 86
Bennington, VT, 10, 23
Bentonville, NC, 92
Berlin, Germany, 141, 200, 212
Bermuda, 38, 75, 180
Between the States (1860-1865), 64–65, 67–100, 68, 69, 357
Biddle, Nicholas, 12
Bien Hoa, Vietnam, 263
“Big Week,” 200
Bin Laden, Osama, 344, 345, 346, 351
Bizerte, Tunisia, 190
Black Hawk Down (Bowden), 334
“Black Rattlers,” 369th Infantry, 147, 163
Black Sea, 137
Bladensburg, MD, 38–39
Blair, Tony, 317
Bletchley Park in Buckinghamshire, 197
blockades
Between the States (1960-1865), 71, 74, 75, 85, 98
1812, 34–35, 37, 41, 42
Mexico (1846-1848), 49, 51, 55
Spain (1898), 104, 107, 111–112, 113
World War I (1914-1918), 141–142, 171
bloodiest day in American history, 80, 84
Blücher (German offensive), 153
Bolsheviks, 124, 132, 164
Bonhomme Richard, 16
Bonk, David, 153
Bordeaux, France, 128
Borneo, 215
Bosnia, 124, 125
Boston, MA, 3, 4, 5, 6, 34
Bougainville, New Guinea, 218, 221
Bouresches, France, 154
Bowden, Mark, 334
Bowdoin College, 83
Bradley, Omar, 207–208, 250, 320
Bradleys, 332, 335
Bragg, Braxton, 78, 87, 88, 89
Brandywine Creek, PA, 8, 9
Braun, Werner von, 208
Bravo, Nicolás, 59
Breed’s Hill, Boston, 4
Bremer, L. Paul, 338–339
Britain/British. See Great Britain
British East India Company, 42
British Expeditionary Force (BEF), 128, 130, 136, 137
Brock, Isaac, 30, 31
Broke, Philip, 37
Brooke, Sir Alan, 187, 200
Brooklyn, NY, 6
Brown, Jacob, 38
Brown, Noah and Adam, 35, 41
Brusilov, Alexei, 132
“Bubiyan Turkey Shoot, the,” 303
Buchanan, Franklin, 74
Buchanan, James, 56, 61
Bucharest, Romania, 133
Buchenwald camp, Germany, 211
Buckner, Simon, 218–219, 228, 229
Buddhist monks in Saigon, 261–262
Buell, Don Carlos, 78, 86–87
Buena Vista, Mexico, 51, 62
Buffalo Soldiers, 109, 110
Buford, John, 82
Bulgaria, 133, 134, 135, 164, 167
Bullard, Robert Lee, 156
Bull Run, VA, 71, 72, 77
Bulow, Karl von, 127, 128
Bunker Hill, Boston, 4
Burdick, Clinton, 161
Burdick, Howard, 161
Burgoyne, John, 4, 9–10, 11, 20, 22, 40
Burma, 198, 225, 236
Burnside, Ambrose E., 79, 81, 87, 95
Bush, George H. W., 228, 291, 292, 295, 296, 299, 304, 305, 309, 312
Bush, George W., 317, 318, 320, 321, 337, 339, 340, 345, 348, 349, 351
Butler, Benjamin, 90, 93
C-47s, 206
Caen, France, 207
California, 49, 53–54, 64
Cambodia, 214, 259, 261, 269, 272, 278, 279, 284
Cambrai, France, 128, 140
Cambridge, MA, 4
Camden, SC, 17, 19
Camels, 169
Cameroon, 136
Canada/Canadians
Afghanistan (2001-2014), 347
1812, 28, 29–30, 30–31, 33, 34, 35, 36–37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43
Gulf War (1990-1991), 296
Independence (1775-1783), 5–6, 10, 18
Korea (1950-1953), 249
World War I (1914-1918), 140, 155–156
World War II (1939-1945), 206, 207, 209, 219
cannons, 6, 160, 168
Cantigny, France, 153, 155, 156, 158
Cape Charles and Cape Henry, 20, 22
Cape Cod, 195
Cape Gloucester, 221
Cape Horn, 33
Caporetto, Italy, 135
Caribbean, 13, 21, 29, 32, 39, 103, 180, 195
Caroline Islands, 136
Carter, Jimmy, 291
Casablanca, Morocco, 189, 190, 194
Casa Mata, Mexico, 59
Cassady, Thomas, 160
Cassino, Italy, 192–193
casualties, xv–xvi
Afghanistan (2001-2014), 344, 345, 350, 352
Between the States (1860-1865), 73, 77, 78, 79–80, 81, 83, 84, 87, 92, 93, 94, 95, 98, 99–100
1812, 31, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42
Gulf War (1990-1991), 301, 305, 306, 309, 310, 312, 313
Independence (1775-1783), 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20
Iraq (2003-2011), 319, 322, 323, 324, 326, 327, 329, 333, 334–335, 337, 339, 340
Korea (1950-1953), 239, 241, 246, 247, 249, 251
Mexico (1846-1848), 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60
Spain (1898), 103, 104, 106, 110, 111, 114, 115, 118
Vietnam (1965-1975), 257, 262, 263, 264, 267, 268, 270–271, 271–272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 280, 281, 282
World War I (1914-1918), 124, 128, 129, 130, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 145, 150, 151, 152, 154–155, 156, 157, 159, 161, 162, 163, 165, 167–168, 172
World War II (1939-1945), 178, 188, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 199, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 213, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 234–235
Caucasus Mountains, 132, 135
Celebes, 215
Cemetery Ridge, PA, 82
Central Command, 292, 293, 298, 299, 300, 301, 308, 310, 318, 322
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 267, 269, 321, 345, 351–352
Central Pacific, WWII, 177, 221, 223
Cerro Gordo, Mexico, 55, 60, 62
Cervera y Topete, Pascual, 105, 111, 112
Ceylon, 229
Challenger 2 tanks, 326
Chamberlain, Joshua, 83
Chancellorsville, VA, 81, 93
Chapultepec, Mexico, 59–60, 62
Charleston, SC, 14, 17
Charlotte, NC, 18
Châteauguay, Canada, 36
Château Thierry, France, 153–154, 158
Chattanooga, TN, 87, 89, 91
Chauncey, Isaac, 36, 38
chemical weapons (WMDs), 293, 301, 312, 318, 320, 332, 339, 340
Chemin des Dames, France, 151
Cheney, Dick, 290, 291, 296, 318
Chennault, Claire, 225–226
Cherbourg, France, 75
Cherry Hill Massacre, 15
Chesapeake Bay, 8, 19, 20, 21, 27, 37–38, 39, 40
Chiang Kai-shek, 225, 226, 248, 259
Chicago’s Museum of Science and Industry, 196
Chickahominy River, 93
Chickamauga, GA, 87, 89, 91
Chickasaw Bluffs, MS, 88
Chile, 141
China/Chinese
Korea (1950-1953), 239, 242–243, 243–245, 245–246, 247–249, 250, 252, 253, 257, 284
Vietnam (1965-1975), 257, 258, 259
World War I (1914-1918), 135, 136, 141
World War II (1939-1945), 181, 212, 214, 225–226, 232, 234, 236
Chippawa, Canada, 38
Chosin Reservoir, Korea, 243, 244
Christmas Bombings, 281
Churchill, Winston, 142, 181, 182, 184–185, 185–186, 187, 188, 190–191, 194, 195, 197, 200, 201, 233
Churubusco, Mexico, 57–58, 60
Civil War (1860-1865), 64–65, 67–100, 68, 69, 357
Clark, George Rogers, 15–16
Clark, Mark, 191–192, 193
Clay, Henry, Jr., 52
Clinton, Bill, 344
Clinton, Sir Henry, 4, 14–15, 17, 18, 19, 22
Coalition forces, Gulf War, 295–296, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 309, 310, 312, 313
Cochrane, Sir Alexander, 37, 38, 39
Cockburn, Sir George, 37–38
Coffman, Edward M., 104
Cold Harbor, VA, 93–94
Cold War, xvi
Colorado, 49, 64
Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCOS), 186–187
Communism, 239, 240, 242, 246, 248, 257, 258, 259, 260, 269, 273–274, 276, 277, 280, 282, 284
Compiègne, France, 165, 169, 188
concentration camps (German), 211
Concord, MA, 3, 4
Confederacy (South), 68, 69, 96–97. See also Between the States (1860-1865)
Congress, 28–29, 63, 103, 105, 146, 164, 179, 185, 263, 299, 318
Congress (Union frigate), 74
Congressional Medals of Honor, 206, 213, 214, 227, 228
Connecticut, 4, 29
Continental Congress, 4, 9, 10–11, 12, 14, 17, 22
Convent of San Mateo, 57–58
Coonts, Stephen, 265
Coral Sea, 215–216, 220
Corinth, MS, 87
Cornwallis, Lord Charles, 8, 9, 18–19, 19–20, 21, 22
Corregidor, 213
Cortés, Hernando, 55
Coventry, England, 198
Cowpens, SC, 18, 23
Crane, Stephen, 107
Crysler’s Farm, 36–37
CSS Alabama (Confederate warship), 75
Cuba, 51, 56, 75, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107–108, 108–109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116
Currie, Arthur, 140
Cutter, Slade, 227
Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic, 194, 211, 296, 320
Dachau camp, Germany, 211
Daiquiri, Cuba, 107, 116
Da Nang, Vietnam, 263–264, 269
Danube River, 133
Dardanelles, 137
Davis, Benjamin O., 194
Davis, Jefferson, 51, 52, 70–71, 77–78, 87, 89, 91
D-Day, 320. See also Normandy, France
Dearborn, Henry, 31, 38
Decatur, Stephen, 32, 33, 91
DeKalb, Johann, 14
Delaware, 7, 71, 339
Demilitarized Zones (DMZ), 253, 259, 262, 265, 274, 279, 280
Democrats, 48, 63, 80, 90, 91, 258–259
Denmark, 182, 211, 296
Desert Shield, 292
Desert Storm, 296, 301, 303
Des Moines, IA, 147
d’Esperey, Franchet, 164
Detroit, MI, 30, 31
Devastators, 217
Devers, Jacob, 208, 211
Dewey, George, 104, 106, 114
Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, 291, 305
Diego Garcia, 322
Diem, Ngo Dinh, 259–260, 261, 262
Dien Bien Phu, Vietnam, 259, 274, 279
Diyala, Iraq, 329, 332, 333
Dobbins, Daniel, 35
Doctors Without Borders, 347
Doniphan, Alexander, 54
Dönitz, Karl, 195, 196–197
Doolittle, Jimmy, 214, 216
Doorman, Karel, 215
Dora Farms, Baghdad, 321
Dorchester Heights, Boston, 6
“doughboys,” 143
Dover Air Force Base, DE, 339
draft, 85, 179, 185
“duel of the ironclads,” 75
Dunkirk, Korea, 241
Dupont, Samuel F., 76
Dutch East Indies, 181, 212, 215, 231
Dutch Harbor, Aleutian Islands, 218
Eaker, Ira, 199
Early, Jubal A., 95
East Anglia, 199
Eastertide Offensive, 279–280
East Prussia, 131
East River, Long Island, 6, 7, 8
East Timor, 215
Egypt, 29, 133, 189, 201, 290, 295, 304, 305, 306
Eider, Kai, 349
1812, xv, 25–43, 26, 27, 356
82nd Airborne Division, 191, 206, 291, 292, 324
Eisenhower, Dwight D. “Ike,” 292
Korea (1950-1953), 246
Vietnam (1965-1975), 260
World War I (1914-1918), 151
World War II (1939-1945), 181, 188, 189, 190, 191, 193, 199, 200–201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207–208, 210, 211
Eisenhower, John S. D., 50, 63
El Alamein, Egypt, 189
Elbe River, 211
El Caney, Cuba, 108, 110
Elizabeth River, 73
El Pedregal, 56, 57
Emancipation Proclamation (1862), 80, 98
England, 198, 202, 206, 208, 326
English Channel, 149
Enigma machine, 197
Eniwetok, Marshall Islands, 223
Enola Gay (B-29), 230
Essex class carriers, 223–224
Estaing, Comte de, 15
Ethiopia, 249
Euphrates River, 307, 319, 323, 327, 329, 330, 332
Eureka Cartography, xvi
Europe in 1914, 122
Eutaw Springs, SC, 19
Ezra Church, GA, 91
F-4 Phantoms, 264–265, 267–268, 278, 280
F4U Corsairs, 182, 250
F9F Panthers, 250
F-15 Eagles, 302
F-86 Sabres, xvi, 250, 251–252
F-105 Thunderchiefs, 264, 267, 278
F-117 Nighthawks, 297, 301, 302, 321
Fahd (King of Saudi Arabia), 290, 291, 292
Falkenhayn, Erich von, 130, 131, 133, 136–137, 137–138
Farragut, David G., 33, 76, 91
Farwell, Byron, 148
fedayeen, 323, 324, 326, 327, 328, 329, 335
Federalists, 28
Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan, 346, 348
Ferdinand, Franz, 125, 126, 134, 166
Ferguson, Patrick, 17
festungsbereiche seaports, 202
Filipinos, 114–115, 116, 117, 212, 213, 222
Finland, 132
Finn, Terence T., xvi–xvii
“fireside chats” (Roosevelt, F.), 183–184
First World War. See World War I (1914-1918)
Flanders, Belgium, 150
Fletcher, Frank Jack, 217
Florida, 14, 70, 105
flu pandemic (1918, 1919), 168
Flying Tigers, 226
Foch, Ferdinand, 129, 146, 151–152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 162, 163, 165, 169, 170
Foggia, Italy, 191, 192
Fokker Triplanes, 169
Ford, Gerald, 282
Formosa, Japan, 230, 248
Fort Donelson, TN, 86
Fort Erie, Canada, 38
Fort Fisher, NC, 95
Fort George, Canada, 36
Fort Leavenworth, KS, 53
Fort McHenry, MD, 39
Fort Meigs, OH, 36
Fort Niagara, NY, 36
Fort Stanwix, NY, 10
Fort Stedman, VA, 95–96
Fort Sumter, SC, 71
Fort Ticonderoga, NY, 6, 10
Fort Washington, MD, 39
Four Freedoms (Roosevelt, F.), 180, 181
Fowler, William M., Jr., 29
France/French
Afghanistan (2001-2014), 347, 352
Between the States (1860-1865), 75, 78
1812, 32
Gulf War (1990-1991), 296
Independence (1775-1783), 5, 11–12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 23
Iraq (2003-2011), 318, 320
Korea (1950-1953), 246, 249
Vietnam (1965-1975), 259
France/French (cont.)
World War I (1914-1918), 124, 125, 126–127, 128–129, 130, 136, 137–138, 139–140, 141, 144, 145, 146, 147, 151, 152, 153–154, 155–156, 156–158, 160, 161, 162, 166, 167, 169, 171, 172
World War II (1939-1945), 179, 181–182, 188, 193, 196, 202, 203, 208, 211, 212, 220, 234
Franklin, Benjamin, 20
Franks, Fred, 309
Franks, Tommy, 318, 319–320, 321, 322, 334
Fredendall, Lloyd, 189
Fredericksburg, VA, 81
Freeman, Chas, 299
Freeman’s Farm, NY, 11
Fremont, John C., 54
French, Sir John, 136
French and Indian War, xvi
French Indochina, 214
Frenchtown, MI, 36
“friendly fire” incidents, 191, 204, 310, 328
Funston, Frederick, 116
future of America influenced by wars, xv, xvi. See also America at war
Gage, Thomas, 3–4, 6
Gale, Edmund, 33
Gallieni, Joseph “savior of Paris, the,” 128
Gallipoli Peninsula (Ottoman Empire), 137
Garner, Jay, 338
Gates, Horatio, 11, 17
Gates, Robert, 348
General Offensive (Tet Offensive), 274–277
Geneva Accords, 259
George III (King of England), 5, 12
George V (King of England), 128, 140
Georgia, 10, 12, 16, 70, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95
Germain, Lord George, 9, 10, 14, 20, 22
Germantown, PA, 9, 13
Germany/Germans, 104, 125. See also Hitler, Adolf; Nazi Germany
Afghanistan (2001-2014), 347, 352
Gulf War (1990-1991), 297
Independence (1775-1783), 6, 7, 8, 10, 21
Iraq (2003-2011), 320
submarine (U-boat) warfare, 141, 142–143, 144, 149–150, 165, 170, 182, 183, 184, 194–198
World War I (1914-1918), 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130–131, 132, 133, 134, 135–136, 136–137, 138–139, 141, 152, 156, 159, 164–165, 166–167, 169–170
World War II (1939-1945), 179, 180–181, 182, 186, 198, 199, 200, 201–203, 208, 209–210, 211, 212, 232–233, 233, 234
Gettysburg, PA, xv, 82–84, 85, 87, 91, 96, 97, 98, 220
Ghana, Africa, 136
Ghent, Belgium, 159
Giap, Vo Nguyen, 279–280
Gibraltar, 21
Gilmore, Howard, 227–228
Glitra (British ship), 142
Glover, John, 7–8
Gold Beach, 205
Goldwater, Barry, 263
Goodneck, William K., 209
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 305
Göring, Hermann, 200
Gorlice, Poland, 132, 134
Gotha G IVs, 159
Grant, Ulysses S.
Between the States (1860-1865), 85–87, 88–90, 91, 92–94, 94–95, 96, 99, 104
Mexico (1846-1848), 50, 62, 63
Grasse, Comte de, 12, 20, 21
Graves, Sir Thomas, 20, 22
Great Britain/British. See also Royal Air Force; Royal Navy
Afghanistan (2001-2014), 347, 351, 352
Between the States (1860-1865), 97–98
British Expeditionary Force (BEF), 128, 130, 136, 137
1812, xv, 25–43
Gulf War (1990-1991), 296, 297, 305, 312
impressment of U.S. sailors by, 28, 29, 34, 41, 42, 43
Independence (1775-1783), 1–24, 2, 355–356
Iraq (2003-2011), 317, 318, 319, 322, 325–326, 327, 328, 330, 334
Korea (1950-1953), 241, 245, 249
World War I (1914-1918), 126, 127, 128, 130–131, 133–134, 136–137, 138–139, 139–140, 141, 143, 144, 146, 147, 150–151, 152, 155–156, 163–164, 166, 167, 172
World War II (1939-1945), 179–180, 181–182, 183, 184–185, 186, 187–188, 194–195, 196, 197, 207, 212, 214–215, 229–230, 234
Great Depression, 180
Great Society program (Johnson), 258
Great War, 124. See also World War I (1914-1918)
Greece, 164, 182, 249
Greene, Nathanael, 13–14, 17–18, 18–19, 23
Guadalcanal, 219–220, 221
Guam, 113, 118, 212, 223, 280
Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, 107
Guatemala, 48
Guilford Courthouse, NC, 19
Gulf of Siam, 278
Gulf of Trieste, 135
Gulf War (1990-1991), 285–313, 286, 287, 288, 289, 318, 319, 322, 363–364
Haifa, Israel, 304
Haig, Sir Douglas, 137, 138, 139–140, 146, 150–151, 152, 153, 155–156, 156, 163, 168–169, 170, 171
Haiphong, Vietnam, 265, 266, 278, 280, 281
Halberstam, David, 250
Halifax, Canada, 34, 39
Halleck, Henry “Old Brains,” 86, 89, 90
Hallion, Richard P., 250–251
“halls of Montezuma” (Marine hymn), 60
Halsey, William “Bull,” 221, 222–223, 227
Hamilton, Nigel, 205
Hampton, Wade, 36, 38
Hampton Roads, VA, 73–74, 74, 75
Hanoi, Vietnam, 257, 259, 261, 265, 266, 267, 269, 273, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283
Han River, 245
Hapsburgs, 124, 166. See also Austrian-Hungarian Empire
Harpers Ferry, WV, 78, 79
Harris, Sir Arthur, 198, 203
Harrison, William Henry, 35
Hart, B. H. Liddell, 141, 171, 172
Harvard, 4, 270
Hastings, Max, 242
Hatteras Inlet, NC, 76
Havana, Cuba, 51, 56, 75, 103, 105
Hawaiian Islands, 178, 179, 227. See also Pearl Harbor
Hay, John, 104
helicopters warfare, 251, 271, 307
Hellcats, 182
Henry, Robert Selph, 57
Herring, George, 283
Herzstein, Robert E., 180
Hickey, Michael, 245
“Highway of Death,” 309
Hill, A. P., 79, 83
Himalayan Mountains, 225
Hindenburg, Paul von, 131–132, 140, 150, 164, 165, 169, 171, 180
Hindenburg Line, 139, 163, 169
Hindiyah, Iraq, 332
Hirohito (Emperor of Japan), 231
Hiroshima, Japan, 230, 235–236
Hitler, Adolf, 170, 179, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 197, 202, 203, 207, 208, 209, 211, 232, 234, 241
HMAS Sidney, 249
HMS Alert, 32
HMS Ark Royal, 325
HMS Belfast, 249
HMS Boxer, 35
HMS Frolic, 32
HMS Gloucester, 304
HMS Guerriere, 32
HMS Inflexible, 141
HMS Invincible, 141
HMS Java, 32
HMS Macedonian, 32, 35
HMS Peacock, 32
HMS Prince of Wales, 184, 185, 186, 229
HMS Reindeer, 35
HMS Repulse, 186, 229
HMS Shannon, 37
HMS Triumph, 249
HMS Turbulent, 325
Hobkirk’s Hill, Camden, 19
Ho Chi Minh, 259, 260
Ho Chi Minh Trail, 269
Holland, 124, 162, 201, 208–209, 211
Holly Springs, MS, 88
Hong Kong, 104, 229
Honshu, Japan, 230
Hood, John Bell, 91–92
Hooker, Joseph, 79, 81, 84, 89
Horner, Charles, 297
House of Representatives. See Congress
Houston, Sam, 48
Howe, Sir William, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 22
Hubbardton, VT, 10
Hubble, Edwin P., 158
Hudson River, 7, 9
Hue, Vietnam, 275–276
Hull, William, 30, 31, 38
Humphreys, Joshua, 21
Hungary, 194
Hunt class boats, 296
Hunter, Daniel, 94
Hürtgen Forest, Germany, 209
Hussein, Saddam
Gulf War (1990-1991), 290, 293, 294, 295, 296, 302, 303, 304, 305, 310–312, 312–313
Iraq (2003-2011), 317–318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 325, 326, 330, 331, 332, 334, 336, 337, 339, 340
Iaccaci, August and Paul, 161
Ia Drang Valley, Vietnam, 270–271
Ibn Saud, Abdul Aziz, 291
Iceland, 185, 195
Illinois, 16, 52, 148
Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). See Japan/Japanese
impressment of U.S. sailors by British, 28, 29, 34, 41, 42, 43
Inchon, Korea, 240, 242, 243, 250, 252
Incirlik, Turkey, 295
Independence (1775-1783), 1–24, 2, 355–356
India, 29, 193, 199, 225
Indiana, 16
Indochina, 259
Infanta Maria Teresa (Spanish flagship), 111
intelligence work, 197, 216, 218, 219
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 347, 348, 350, 352, 353
In the Graveyard of Empires (Jones), 347
Iowa, 147
Iowa class battleships, 230, 231, 298
Iran, 293, 294, 311, 318
Iranian National Railway, 183
Iraq
Gulf War (1990-1991), 285–313, 286, 287, 288, 289, 318, 319, 322, 363–364
Iraq War (2003-2011), 315–340, 316, 347, 364
World War I (1914-1918), 133
Iraq War, The: A Military History (Murray and Scales), 329
Ireland, 142, 148
Iron Triangle, Vietnam, 271
isolationism, 179
Isonzo River, 135
Israel, 133, 304–305
Istanbul, 137
Italy/Italians
Afghanistan (2001-2014), 347
World War I (1914-1918), 134–135, 164, 167
World War II (1939-1945), 180, 187, 190, 191–193, 194, 198, 201, 234
Iuka, MS, 87
Iwo Jima, 226–227, 228, 229
Jackson, Andrew, 42, 48, 56
Jackson, MS, 88
Jackson, Thomas “Stone Wall,” 72, 78
Jackson State College, 278
James River, 73
Japan/Japanese
Korea (1950-1953), 239, 246, 248
Pearl Harbor, 178–179, 183, 185, 186, 212, 215, 216, 223, 231–232
Vietnam (1965-1975), 280
World War I (1914-1918), 136
World War II (1939-1945), 178–179, 180, 181, 187, 212–223, 214, 215–216, 216–218, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, 228–229, 230, 231–232, 232, 234, 235–236
Java Sea, 42, 215, 229
Jefferson, Thomas, 32, 56, 80
Jellicoe, Sir John, 142, 143, 149
Jerusalem, 133
jet-powered aircraft, 251
Jews, 211
Joffre, Joseph, 126–127, 128–129, 136, 137, 138, 139
Johnson, Lyndon B., 257, 258, 259, 261, 262, 263–264, 265–266, 267, 269–270, 274, 276, 278, 283
Johnston, Albert Sidney, 86, 87
Johnston, Joseph, 90, 91, 96
Jones, John Paul, 12, 16
Jones, Seth G., 346, 347
Jordan, 133
Juno Beach, 205, 206
Jutland Peninsula, 142
Kabul, Afghanistan, 343, 347, 349, 352
Kaiser, Henry J., 184
Kajaki plant, Afghanistan, 349
kamikazes (suicide) strikes, 229, 230, 235
Kansas, 53
Karbala Gap, Iraq, 325, 332, 333
Karzai, Hamid, 346–347, 348, 350
Kaskaskia, IL, 16
Kasserine Pass, Tunisia, 189
Kearny, Philip, 99–100
Kearny, Stephen W., 53–54
Keegan, John, 131, 139, 140
Kelly, Michael, 333
Kennedy, John F., 258, 259, 262
Kenney, George, 181
Kent, England, 202
Kent, Jacob, 110
Kent State University, 278
Kentucky, 3, 4, 16, 52, 71, 77, 78
Kenya, 344
Kerensky, Alexander, 132
Kettle Hill, Cuba, 109, 110
Khe Sanh, Vietnam, 274–275
Kiel, Germany, 164
Kifl, Iraq, 332
Kim Il Sung, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 247, 248, 252
Kindermord, 131
King, Ernest J., 186–187, 221
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 273
King’s Mountain, SC, 17
Kips Bay, NY, 7
Kirkuk, Iraq, 319, 331
Kiska, Aleutian Islands, 218–219
Kissinger, Henry, 277–278, 280–281
Kluck, Alexander von, 127, 128
Know, Henry, 6
Kontum, Vietnam, 279
Korat, Thailand, 264
Korda, Michael, 201
Korea
Korean War (1950-1953), xvii, 237–253, 238
Vietnam (1965-1975), 280
World War II (1939-1945), 231
Kosovo, 134
Krueger, Walter, 230
Kunming, China, 225
Kurds, 330, 331
Kursk, Russia, 234
Kuwait, 133, 290, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 300, 304, 306, 307–308, 310–311, 312, 317, 322, 329
Kwajalein, Marshall Islands, 223
Kyushu, Japan, 228
La Angostura, Mexico, 51–52
Lafayette, Marquis de, 14
Lafayette Escadrille, 160
Lake Chalco, 56, 57
Lake Champlain, 5, 40–41, 42
Lake Erie, 30, 35, 36, 42
Lake George, 6
Lake Huron, 31
Lake Ontario, 30, 36
Lake Texcoco, 56
Lake Xochimilco, 56, 57
Lam Son 719, 279
Lancaster, PA, 13
Laos, 214, 259, 261, 269, 272, 279, 284
Las Guasimas, Cuba, 107
Lawrence, James, 37
Lawrence, T. E., 133–134
League of Nations, 180
Leahy, William D., 186–187
Lebanon, 133
Le Cateau, France, 128
Lee, Robert E.
Between the States (1980-1865), 73, 77–78, 78–79, 80, 81, 82, 83–84, 84, 89, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99
Mexico (1846-1848), 55, 57, 62
“Left Hook” (Schwarzkopf), 289, 301, 306
Leigh-Mallory, Trafford, 203
LeMay, Curtis, 224–225, 235, 236
Lend-Lease Program, 182, 183, 292
Lengel, Edward G., 163
Lenin, Vladimir, 132, 258
Lettow-Vorbeck, Paul von, 136
Lewiston, NY, 31
Lexington, Kentucky, 3, 4
Leyte Gulf, Philippines, 222–223, 224
Liberty ships, 184
Liggett, Hunter, 156
Linares y Pombo, Arsenio, 107–108, 110–111, 112
Lincoln, Abraham
Between the States (1860-1865), 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80–81, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90–91, 97, 105
Mexico (1846-1848), 64
Lincoln, Benjamin, 11, 17
Linebacker, 280, 282, 283
Linebacker II, 281, 283
Little Round Top, PA, 82–83
logistics and war, 105, 129, 208, 298
London, England, 198, 208
Long Island Sound, 7
Longstreet, James, 60, 62, 78, 79, 83
Lookout Mountain, TN, 89
Loos, France, 136, 137
Lorraine, France, 125, 127, 128, 165, 166
Louis (King of France), 11
Louisiana, 34, 42, 48, 70, 76, 88, 95
Louvain, Belgium, 131
Ludendorff, Erich, 131, 132, 140, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 164, 169
Lufbery, Raoul, 160
Luftwaffe, 182, 186, 198, 199, 200, 203, 233
Luke, Frank, 161–162
Luke Air Force Base, AZ, 162
Lundy’s Lane, Canada, 38–39
Lusitania (Cunard liner), 142
Luxembourg, 209
Luzon Mountains, 116
Lynch, Jessica, 328
Lyon, Nathaniel, 72
MacArthur, Douglas, 292
Korea (1950-1953), 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248, 250, 252
World War II (1939-1945), 212–213, 214, 220–221, 221–222, 223, 230, 231, 235
Macdonough, Thomas, 41, 43
Macgregor, Douglas, 308
machine guns, 158, 168
Mackensen, August von, 134
Mackinac Island, 31
Madison, James, 28–29, 29–30, 31, 34, 39, 40, 41
Madrid, Spain, 103, 113
Maine, 29, 34, 37, 40
Malaya, 214–215, 236
Malmédy, Belgium, 209
Manassas Junction, VA, 71
Manchuria, 231, 236, 243, 248, 252
Manhattan, NY, 6, 7, 9
Manila, Philippines, xv, 106, 111, 113, 114, 115, 117, 213, 222
manufacturing industry, WWII, 184, 232
Mao Tse-tung, 225, 248, 259
maps, xvi. See also specific wars
Marblehead, MA, 7
Marcy, William, 53
Marianas Islands, 212, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227
Marines. See U.S. Marine Corps
Marne, France, 128–129, 130, 138, 153, 155
Marshall, George C., 292
World War I (1914-1918), 153
World War II (1939-1945), 186–187, 188, 191, 193, 200, 213
Marshall Islands, 136, 223
Marx, Karl, 258
Maryland, xv, 4, 24, 33, 34, 38–39, 42, 71, 77, 78, 79–80, 81, 87, 97
Masar-e Sharif, Afghanistan, 350
Massachusetts, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 29, 33, 34, 90
Max (Prince of Germany), 164, 165
McCaffrey, Barry R., xi–xiii
McChrystal, Stanley A., 348
McClellan, George B., 57, 72–73, 77, 78, 79, 80–81, 85, 86, 89, 91, 97
McCone, John, 269
McDowell, Irwin, 71–72
McKiernan, David, 318–319, 319–320, 321–322, 322–323, 324, 327, 332, 334, 348
McKinley, William, 103, 104, 105, 112, 114
McNair, Leslie J., 204, 229
McNamara, Robert, 266, 269, 272–273
McPherson, James M., 91, 92, 94, 98
Meade, George, 62, 81–82, 83, 84, 85, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98
media coverage of wars, 273, 274, 333
Medina Ridge, Iraq, 307, 308, 309
Mediterranean Sea, 32, 34, 137
Mediterranean Theater, WWII, 175, 189, 191, 193, 201
Meed, Douglas V., 64
Merrimac (Union frigate), 74
Merritt, Wesley, 114, 115, 117
Metz, France, 157
Meuse-Argonne, France, 157, 158, 162–163, 171
Mexico
Mexico War (1846-1848), 45–65, 46, 47, 356–357
World War I (1914-1918), 144, 145
MHQ, 351
Michigan, 30, 31, 36
Middle East, 124, 133
Midway Island, xv, 179, 216–218, 219, 220
MiG-15s, 250, 251, 281
Miles, Nelson A., 112–113
military history, U.S. See America at war
Milk Cow (Milchkuh), 196
mine warfare, 76, 149, 150, 202, 227, 296, 303
Minsk, Russia, 183
Minutemen, 3
“Mission Accomplished,” 336
Missionary Ridge, TN, 89
Mississippi, 51, 70, 78, 85, 87, 88–89, 91, 97
Missouri, 54, 71, 86, 88, 162, 322
Mitchell, Billy, 158
Mobile, AL, 42, 76, 95
Mohawk Valley, 9
Molina del Rey, Mexico, 59
Moltke, Helmuth von, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131
Monmouth Court House, NJ, 15, 16
Mons, Belgium, 128
Montauk Point, Long Island, 114
Montdidier, France, 153
Montenegro, 134
Monterrey, Mexico, 50–51, 54, 62
Montgomery, AL, 70
Montgomery, Bernard “Monty,” 189, 190, 201, 202, 205, 207, 208–209, 211–212
Montgomery, Richard, 5, 6
Montreal, Canada, 5, 36
Moraviantown, Canada, 35
Morgan, Daniel, 11, 18
Morgan, Sir Frederick, 201
Morgan Guarantee Trust, NY, 299
Morocco, 189, 190, 194, 296
Mosul, Iraq, 319
Mount Suribachi, Iwo Jima, 226, 227
Mubarak, Hosni, 290
Mullen, Mike, 347
Murmansk, Russia, 183
Murray, Williamson, 329, 330
Mussolini, Benito, 187, 190
My Lai, Vietnam, 276
Nagasaki, Japan, 230, 235–236
Nairobi, Kenya, 344
Najaf, Iraq, 324, 332
Namibia, Africa, 136
Nancy, France, 129
Naples, Italy, 191, 192
Napoleon Bonaparte, 29, 34, 37, 38, 152
NASA, 158
Nashville, TN, 87
Nassau, 75
national anthem (American), 39, 43
National Broadcasting Company, 219
nation building, 346, 349, 350
Native Americans, 5, 10, 15, 28, 30, 31, 35
Nautilus (British brig), 42
Naval Institute Press of Annapolis, 310
navies. See Royal Navy; U.S. Navy
Nazi Germany, 179, 180, 182, 183, 187, 198, 209, 211, 212, 232, 233, 234
Neillands, Robin H., 88, 93
Netherlands/Dutch, 166, 198, 249, 304, 347
Nevada, 49, 64
New Britain, 218, 221, 222
New Carthage, MO, 88
New England, 90
Newfoundland, 180, 184–185
New Georgia Islands, 221
New Guinea, 181, 215–216, 218, 221
New Hampshire, 4, 24
New Jersey, 3, 7, 8, 10, 14, 15, 16
New Mexico, 49, 53, 64
New Orleans, LA, 42, 76, 88, 95
Newport, RI, 11, 15, 19
New York, xv, 6–7, 8, 9–10, 11, 14–15, 17, 18, 21, 23, 31, 36, 38, 40–41, 78, 85, 220, 344, 345
New Zealand/New Zealanders, 137, 193, 249, 269, 296
Niagara River, 30–31, 38
Nieuport 17s, 161
Nimitz, Chester, 216–217, 218, 221, 223, 231, 235
Nivelle, Robert, 139, 140, 151
Nixon, Richard, 277–278, 278–279, 280, 281–282, 282, 283
Nobel Prize, 158
Norden bombsight, 199
Norfolk, Iraq, 307
Norfolk, VA, 74
Normandy, France, xv, 191, 193, 194, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 220, 246, 320
North, Lord Frederick, 20
North Africa, 188–190, 194
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 347
North Carolina, 10, 17, 18, 19, 24, 71, 76, 92, 95, 96
Northern Barrage, 149
Northern Frontier, 26
North Korea, 318. See also Korea, Korean War (1950-1953)
North Point, MD, 39
North Sea, 129, 142, 149, 162
North Vietnamese Army (NVA), 261, 269, 270, 271, 272, 275, 278, 279–280, 282, 284. See also Vietnam, Vietnam War (1965-1975)
Norway, 149, 182, 183, 201, 202
Nova Scotia, 40
nuclear weapons (WMDs), 301, 317, 318, 332, 339, 340
Nuevo León, 50
Nummy, David, 338
Nuremberg, Germany, 211
Nuremberg Trials, 197
nurses, U.S. Army, 148, 192
Obama, Barack, 339, 348, 349, 350
Objective Bears, 333
Objective Lions, 333
Objective Ravens, 333
Objective Saints, 333
Objective Texans, 333
Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance, 338–339
Ohio, 36
oil and wars, 291, 295, 317, 319, 325, 327
O’Kane, Richard, 227
Okinawa, Japan, 228–229, 230
Omaha Beach, 205, 206–207
Oman, 295
Operation Barbarossa, 182
Operation Cedar Falls, 271–272
Operation Cobra, 320
Operation Cobra II, 320, 321
Operation Coronet, 230
Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), 319. See also Iraq, Iraq War (2003-2011)
Operation Junction City, 271–272
Operation Olympic, 230
Operation Overlord, 200–207
Operation Paukenschlag “The Happy Times,” 196
Operation Thunder Run, 334–336
Operation Torch, 188–190
Oran, Algeria, 189
“Orders-in-Council” (England’s), 28, 29
Oregon, 48
Oriskany, NY, 10
Ottoman Empire, 124, 132, 133, 134, 137, 164
P-38s, 218
P-47 Thunderbolts, 199, 200, 204
P-51 Mustangs, 161, 181, 194, 200
Pacific Ocean, 33, 63, 64, 141
Pacific Theater, WWII, 176, 177, 199, 212, 221–231
Padierna (Contreras), Mexico, 57, 60
Pagonis, William “Gus,” 298
Pakenham, Sir Edward, 42
Pakistan/Pakistanis, 296, 344, 345–346, 349, 351
Palestine, 133, 135, 164
Palmer, Dave Richard, 280
Palo Alto, Mexico, 50
Panama, xvi
Panetta, Leon, 353
Panmunjom, Korea, 252
parachutes, 160, 162, 169
paratroopers, 208–209, 211, 331
Paris, France, 128–129, 151, 152, 162, 188, 207
Paris Accord, 281, 282
Pas de Calais, France, 201, 202, 203
Passchendaele, Belgium, 140, 169
Patriot missile system, 305, 321, 328
Patton, George, 189, 190, 194, 202, 208, 209, 210, 211, 241, 320, 339
Patuxent River, 38, 39
Peachtree Creek, GA, 91
Peacock (American sloop), 42
Pearl Harbor, 178–179, 183, 185, 186, 212, 215, 216, 223, 231–232
Peekskill, NY, 7
Peking (Beijing), China, 242–243, 248
Peña y Barragán, 59
Peninsula Campaign, 73
Pennsylvania, xv, 4, 7, 8–9, 10, 13, 14–15, 16, 78, 81, 82–84, 85, 87, 89, 91, 95, 96, 97, 98, 106, 220
Penobscot River, 40
Pentagon, 307, 344, 345
People’s Republic of Korea, 239. See also Korea, Korean War (1950-1953)
Percival, A. E., 215
Perkins, David, 334
Perle, Richard, 340
Perry, Oliver Hazard, 35, 41, 43
Perryville, Kentucky, 78
Pershing, John J. “Black Jack,” 144–145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 162–163, 170, 171
Persian Gulf, 292, 296, 297, 298, 311, 325, 330
Pétain, Philippe, 138, 140, 151, 155, 156, 188, 189
Petersburg, VA, 94, 95, 96
Philadelphia, PA, 8–9, 10, 13, 14–15, 106
Philippines
Korea (1950-1953), 249
Spain (1898), 104, 106, 111, 113, 114–116, 117, 118–119, 145
Vietnam (1965-1975), 269, 280
World War II (1939-1945), 212–213, 221, 222–223, 224, 228, 229
Pickett, George, 60, 83, 96, 98
Pierce, Franklin, 56
Pittsburg Landing, 86
Plattsburgh, NY, 31, 40–41
Pleiku, Vietnam, 263, 264
Poland/Polish, 131, 132, 134, 181, 182, 193, 198, 234, 296
Polk, James K., 48–49, 51, 52–53, 53–54, 56, 61, 63, 64
Pope, John, 77
Pork Chop Hill, Korea, 246
Porter, David Dixon, 33, 88, 95
Port Moresby, New Guinea, 215–216, 221
Port Royal Sound, SC, 76
Portugal, 29, 146
Potomac River, 39, 77, 78
Powell, Colin, 292, 296, 299, 300, 303, 317, 340
Prevost, Sir George, 40–41
Princeton, NJ, 8
prisoners of war (POWs), 210, 213, 262–263, 277, 281–282, 328
privateers, 13, 33–34, 39, 41
Puebla, Mexico, 55–56
Puerto Rico, 103, 104, 106, 112–113, 116, 118
Pulaski, Casimir, 14, 16
Pulitzer Prize, 227
Purcell, Joyce, xvii
purpose of wars, xvi. See also America at war
pursuit planes/pilots, 158–159, 161, 162
Pusan Perimeter, 241, 252
Putnam, David, 160
Pyongyang, North Korea, 243
Qatar, 295, 322
Quang Tri, Vietnam, 279, 280
Quebec, Canada, 5, 6, 18
Queenstown Harbor, Ireland, 148
Queenstown Heights, Canada, 31
Qui Nhon, Vietnam, 263
Rabaul, New Britain, 218, 221, 222
Ramadan, 299–300
Ranger (Continental sloop), 12
“Rape of Belgium, the,” 131, 142
Rapidan River, 92
Rasimus, Ed, 266–267
Reagan, Ronald, 291, 298, 311
reconnaissance aircraft, 159–160, 162
Red Badge of Courage, The (Crane), 107
Red Cross, 113, 148, 210
Red Sea, 297, 303
Regensburg, Germany, 199
Reid, Brian Holden, 84
Reprisal (Continental brig), 12
Republican Guard, 290, 293, 294, 297, 307, 308, 309, 312
Republicans, 70, 80, 90, 91, 246, 258, 259
Republic of Korea (RoK), 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 247. See also Korea, Korean War (1950-1953)
Republic of South Vietnam, 259. See also Vietnam, Vietnam War (1965-1975)
Resaca de la Palma, Mexico, 50
Reynolds, John, 99–100
Rhame, Thomas, 306
Rhee, Syngman, 239, 240, 242, 243
Rheims, France, 211, 212
Rhine River, 208, 210–211
Rhode Island, 4, 11, 14, 15, 19
Richmond, VA, 16, 71, 73, 77, 90, 93, 94, 96, 97
Richthofen, Manfred von “Red Baron,” 158–159
Rickenbacker, Eddie, 159
Ridgway, Matthew, 245–246, 252–253
Ripley, Eleazer, 38
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 298–299, 301
Rochambeau, Comte de, 11, 19, 23
Rodman, Hugh, 148
Roer River, 210
Rolling Thunder, 264–269, 273, 276, 280, 283
Romania/Romanians, 132–133, 135, 167, 194
Rome, Italy, 191, 192, 193
Rommel, Erwin, 189, 190, 202–203
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Spain (1898), 112
World War II (1939-1945), 179–180, 181, 182, 183–184, 186, 187, 190, 193, 194, 195, 200, 213, 221, 225, 231, 233, 291
Roosevelt, Quentin, 161, 206
Roosevelt, Theodore, 104, 109–110, 115, 161
Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 206
Rosecrans, William S., 87–88
Rosenthal, Joe, 227
“Rosie the Riveter,” 184
Ross, Robert, 38–39, 39–40
Rotterdam, Netherlands, 198
Rough Riders, 109–110
Royal Air Force (British)
Gulf War (1990-1991), 296, 302
Iraq (2003-2011), 319
World War I (1914-1918), 161
World War II (1939-1945), 182, 186, 198, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 233
Royal Decree (“the Proclamation Line”), 5
Royal Navy (British). See also specific HMS ships
Between the States (1860-1865), 75
1812, 32–33, 34–35, 36, 37–38, 39, 41, 42, 43
Gulf War (1990-1991), 296, 303, 304
Independence (1775-1783), 5, 11, 13, 19, 20, 21, 22
Iraq (2003-2011), 325
Korea (1950-1953), 249
World War I (1914-1918), 141–142, 143, 148, 149, 171
World War II (1939-1945), 182, 185, 186, 188, 198, 215, 229–230
Ruhr Valley, 211
Rumaila, Iraq, 309, 311, 325, 327
Rumsfeld, Donald, 320–321, 333, 337, 340, 346
Russia/Russians (Soviet Union)
Afghanistan (2001-2014), 343, 351
1812, 29
Gulf War (1990-1991), 293, 305
Korea (1950-1953), 239, 240, 242, 243, 247, 250–251
Vietnam (1965-1975), 257, 258, 265, 268, 279
World War I (1914-1918), 124, 125, 131, 132, 133, 134, 166, 167, 187
World War II (1939-1945), 182–183, 187, 193, 198, 211, 234, 235–236, 292
SA-2 surface-to-air missiles, 268, 281
Sackets Harbor, NY, 36, 38
Safwan, Iraq, 310
Sahhaf, Mohammed Saeed al- “Baghdad Bob,” 333, 335
Saigon, South Vietnam, 261, 262, 267, 269, 271, 273, 275, 279, 282
Saipan, 223
Salem, MA, 33
Salerno, Italy, 192
Salonika, Greece, 164
Sampson, William T., 111–112
San Augustin, Mexico, 57
San Juan Heights, Cuba, 108–109, 110, 111
San Juan Hill, Cuba, 110
San Patricios (Irish deserters), 57–58
Santa Anna, Antonio López de, 48, 51–52, 55, 57, 58–59, 60, 61, 62
Santa Fe, NM, 53, 54
Santiago, Cuba, 105, 106, 107–108, 110, 111, 112
Sarajevo, Bosnia, 125
Saratoga, NY, xv, 10, 11, 17, 18, 21, 23, 78, 220
Saturn V rocket, 208
Saud, Khalid bin Sultan al-, 299, 310
Saudi Arabia/Saudis, 133, 290–292, 294–295, 296, 298–299, 300, 301, 302, 304, 305, 306, 343
Savannah, GA, 12, 16, 92
Sayler’s Creek, VA, 96
Scales, Robert H., 329, 330
Schley, Winfield, 111, 112
Schlieffen, Alfred von, 126, 127, 128
Schofield, John, 91
Schuyler, Philip, 5, 10–11
Schwarzkopf, Norman, 289, 292, 294–295, 297, 298–299, 300–301, 303, 306–307, 308–309, 310
Schweinfurt, Germany, 199
Scotland, 149, 202
Scott, Winfield, 38, 47, 52, 53, 54, 55–56, 57–58, 59, 60–61, 62, 64, 85, 86, 89
Scud missiles, 304–305, 330
Sea of Japan, 250
“search and destroy” strategy, 270
Second Confiscation Act (1862), 76
Second World War. See World War II (1939-1945)
Sedgwick, John, 99–100
selected readings, xvii, 355–365
Seoul, South Korea, 240, 242, 245
September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, 318, 344–345
Serbia, 124, 125, 134, 135, 164, 166, 167
Seventy-three Easting, Iraq, 307–308
Shafter, William R., 105, 106–107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113–114
shamal (massive sandstorm), 324, 331
Sharpsburg, MD, 79
Shenandoah Valley, VA, 91, 93, 94–95
Sherbrooke, Sir John, 40
Sheridan, Philip, 91, 95, 96, 97
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 88, 89, 90, 91–92, 93, 94, 95, 97
Shiites, 323, 327, 337
Shiloh, TN, 86, 87
shipbuilding industry, WWII, 184
“shock and awe,” 322
Siberia, 183
Sibley, David J., 116
Siboney, Cuba, 107, 116
Sicily, Italy, 190–191, 194
Sidewinder air-to-air missiles, 264
Sidi bou Zid, Morocco, 189
Siegfried Line, 210
Sigel, Franz, 93, 94
Sihanoukville, Cambodia, 278
Silkworm missiles, 303, 304
Silver Stars, 192
Simpson, William, 210, 211
Sims, William S., 149
Singapore, 186, 214, 229
Sinuiju, Korea, 243
Slapton Sands, England, 206
slavery, 61, 63, 64–65, 70, 98
Slidell, John, 48
smart bombs, 302–303
Smith, Kirby, 59
Societe Pour L’Aviation et ses Derives (SPAD) XIIIs, 161, 169
Soissons, France, 149, 155
Solomon Islands, 219, 220, 221
Somerville, NJ, 3
Somme, France, 138–139, 169
South Africa, 193
Southampton, England, 326
South Carolina, 10, 14, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24, 70, 71, 76, 92, 95
South Korea, 269. See also Korea, Korean War (1950-1953)
South Mountain, MD, 78
South Vietnam, 260. See also Vietnam, Vietnam War (1965-1975)
Southwest Pacific, WWII, 177, 221
sovereign state enemies, xvi
Soviet Union. See Russia/Russians
Spaatz, Carl, 203
Spain/Spanish
1812, 29
Independence (1775-1783), 16, 21, 22
Spain (1898), xvi, 101–119, 102, 357–358
World War I (1914-1918), 142
World War II (1939-1945), 201
Special Forces, 305, 319, 330–331, 345, 351–352
Spee, Maximilian von, 141
Spotsylvania Court House, VA, 93, 94
Spring Offensive, 246
St. Lawrence River, 36–37
St. Mihiel salient, France, 156–158
Stagg, J. M., 205
Stalin, Joseph, 183, 190, 193, 234, 240, 247
Stalingrad, Russia, 234
Stark, Harold, 195
Staten Island, NY, 6
statistics as measure of success, 272–273
Stavelot, Belgium, 209
Stilwell, Joseph W. “Vinegar Joe,” 225
Stockton, Robert F., 54
Stoney Creek, Canada, 36
Strachan, Hew, 134, 144
Straits of Dover, 202
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, 277
strategic bombing (first), 159
submarine warfare
American, 227–228, 235, 236
German, 141, 142–143, 144, 149–150, 165, 170, 182, 183, 184, 194–198
Suez Canal, 133, 188
Sullivan, John, 15
Sulzberger, C. L., 180
Sumatra, 42, 215, 229
Sumner, Samuel, 110
Sunda Strait, 42
Sunnis, 337
Supreme Allied Commander, 151–152, 155, 156, 157, 162, 165
Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 208
Sussex, England, 202
Sweden, 168
Sweetman, Jack, 76
Switzerland, 129
Sword Beach, 205
Syria, 133, 295
T-34 tanks, 240, 241
T-55 tanks, 326
T-72 tanks, 294, 304, 306, 308, 332
Takhli, Thailand, 264
Taliban, 343–344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 351–352, 353
Tallil, Iraq, 323
Tampa, FL, 105
tank warfare, 140. See also specific tanks
Tannenberg, Poland, 131
Tanner, Ogden, 209
Tanzania, Africa, 136
Taranto, Italy, 191
Tarawa, 223, 327
Tarleton, Sir Banastre, 17, 18
Tarnow, Poland, 132, 134
Taylor, Charles, 207
Taylor, Zachary “Old Rough and Ready,” 49, 50–51, 51–52, 54, 62, 64
Tecumseh (Union warship), 76
Tedder, Sir Arthur, 200–201
Tel Aviv, Israel, 304
telephone switchboard operators “Hello Girls,” AEF, 148
Tennessee, 71, 78, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 95
Tenth Army (French), 155
Terry, Alfred, 95
Tet Offensive, 274–277
Texas, 48, 49, 63, 64, 70, 75, 83, 88, 90, 144
Thailand, 249, 264, 280
Third Army, 194, 208, 209, 210, 320
38th Parallel, 239, 242, 243, 245, 247, 252, 253
Thomas, George “Rock of Chickamauga,” 87, 89, 91, 92
Thompson, Wayne, 266
Throgs Neck, NY, 7
Tigris River, 319, 323, 327, 329, 330
Tikrit, Iraq, 340
Tinian, 223
Tirpitz, Alfred von, 126
To Begin Again (Finn), xvii
Togo, Africa, 136
Tokyo, Japan, 214, 218, 220, 224, 225, 231, 246
Tomahawk cruise missiles, 303, 325
Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 263
Tora Bora, 345
Toronto, Canada, 36
Trafalgar, Spain, 142
Transylvania, Austrian-Hungarian Empire, 132–133
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 132, 133, 165
Treaty of Ghent, 41–42, 43
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 61–62, 64
Treaty of Paris, 20, 114, 115
Treaty of Versailles, 133, 134, 135, 165, 180
trench warfare, 94, 129, 135, 136, 149, 156
Trenton, NJ, 8
Triple Entente, the, 132. See also France; Great Britain; Russia
Trist, Nicholas P., 56, 58, 61
Truman, Harry S., 163, 240, 244, 246, 249, 252, 258–259, 290–291
Tsingtao, China, 136, 141
Tunisia, 188, 189, 190, 199, 201
Turkey/Turks, 124, 133, 164, 167, 249, 295–296, 320
“Tuskegee Airmen,” 332nd Fighter Group, 194
Typhoons, 204
U-505, 196
U-boats. See submarine warfare, German
UH-1 Iroquois “the Huey,” 271
Ukraine, 132
ULTRA intelligence, 197
Umm Qasr, Iraq, 319, 325, 326
unconditional surrender, WWII, 190, 211–212, 232–233
Union (North), 68, 69, 96–97, 98. See also Between the States (1860-1865)
United Arab Emirates, 295
United Kingdom, 296. See also Great Britain/British
United Nations
Gulf War (1990-1991), 295
Iraq (2003-2011), 317–318, 339
Korea (1950-1953), 240, 241, 242, 243, 245, 246, 249
unmanned aerial vehicles, 348–349
U.S. Air Force
Gulf War (1990-1991), 297, 302
Iraq (2003-2011), 319, 322–323, 330, 331
Korea (1950-1953), 240, 241, 250, 251–252
Vietnam (1965-1975), 262, 264–265, 266, 268, 272, 274–275, 278, 280, 281
World War I (1914-1918) (U.S. Army Air Service), 161–162
World War II (1939-1945) (U.S. Army Air Force), 181, 186, 192, 194, 196, 198–200, 203, 204, 206, 214, 226, 233
U.S. Army. See also Army of Northern Virginia; Army of the Cumberland; Army of the Potomac; Army of the Tennessee
1812, 31, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43
Gulf War (1990-1991), 291–292, 297, 301, 306, 307, 308–309
Independence (1775-1783), 4, 7–8, 9, 10, 11, 13–14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 24
Iraq (2003-2011), 318, 319, 320–321, 322, 323, 324–325, 327–328, 330, 331, 332–333, 333–334, 334–335, 335–336, 339
Korea (1950-1953), 240, 241–242, 243, 244–245, 246, 247, 248, 249–250, 252
Mexico (1846-1848), 49, 50, 51–52, 53, 54, 55–56, 57–58, 59–60, 62–63, 64
nurses, 148, 192
Spain (1898), 104–105, 106–110, 112–113, 115, 116, 117
Vietnam (1965-1975), 263, 269, 270–272, 276
World War I (1914-1918), 143, 144–148, 149, 152–154, 156–158, 163, 167, 171, 172
World War II (1939-1945), 186, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 201, 204, 206, 208, 209, 210–211, 212–213, 219, 221, 228, 230
U.S. Marine Corps
Gulf War (1990-1991), 292, 300, 306
Iraq (2003-2011), 319, 321, 323, 325, 326–327, 328–330, 332, 333, 339
Korea (1950-1953), 241, 244
Mexico (1846-1848), 60
Spain (1898), 107
Vietnam (1965-1975), 263–264, 274, 275, 276
World War I (1914-1918), 154
World War II (1939-1945), 219–220, 221, 223, 226–227, 327
U.S. Military Academy at West Point, 62, 64, 72, 77, 86, 270
U.S. Naval Academy, 74
U.S. Navy. See also specific USS ships
Afghanistan (2001-2014), 345–346
Between the States (1860-1865), 73, 74–76, 85, 88, 95, 98
1812, 32–33, 34–35, 36, 37–38, 39, 41, 42, 43
Gulf War (1990-1991), 292, 297–298, 300, 301, 303, 304
Independence (1775-1783), 12–13, 15, 16, 19, 20
Iraq (2003-2011), 330, 336
Korea (1950-1953), 250–251
Mexico (1846-1848), 49, 51, 54, 55
Spain (1898), 103, 104, 105–106, 107, 110, 111–112, 113, 114, 116, 117–118, 119
Vietnam (1965-1975), 262, 265, 266, 268, 274–275, 280
World War I (1914-1918), 148, 149, 150
World War II (1939-1945), 178–179, 181, 183, 185, 186, 195, 198, 205, 206, 207, 214, 215–216, 216–218, 220, 221, 222–223, 223–224, 226, 227–228, 230, 231–232
U.S. Special Forces, 305, 319, 330–331, 345, 351–352
Ushant Island, 21
USS Abraham Lincoln, 336
USS Adams, 40
USS Argus, 35
USS Arizona, 231
USS Augusta, 184
USS Baltimore, 104
USS Boston, 104
USS Boxer, 250
USS Brooklyn, 111
USS Bunker Hill, 224
USS California, 223
USS Charleston, 113
USS Chesapeake, 37
USS Cole, 344
USS Comfort, 301
USS Constellation, 35, 262
USS Constitution, 32, 37, 42, 43
USS Cumberland, 74
USS Enterprise, 35, 179, 216
USS Essex, 33, 43
USS Franklin “Big Ben,” 224
USS Greer, 195
USS Growler, 228
USS Hancock, 224
USS Hornet, 35, 216
USS Indiana, 105, 111
USS Intrepid, 224
USS Iowa, 111
USS Jacob Jones, 196
USS Kearny, 195
USS Kearsarge, 75
USS Lexington, 179, 215
USS Maddox, 262, 263
USS Maine, 103, 117–118
USS Maryland, 223
USS Mercy, 301
USS Minnesota, 75
USS Missouri, 231, 298, 303, 304
USS Monitor, 74–75
USS Nevada, 205
USS New York, 111, 112
USS Olympia, 104, 106
USS Oregon, 111
USS Peacock, 42
USS Pennsylvania, 223
USS President, 21, 35
USSR. See Russia/Russians
USS Raleigh, 104
USS Reuben James, 195
USS San Diego, 150
USS San Jacinto, 303
USS Saratoga, 41, 179
USS South Dakota, 220
USS Texas, 111
USS Ticonderoga, 224, 262
USS United States, 32, 37
USS Valley Forge, 250
USS Washington, 220
USS Wasp, 35, 224
USS West Virginia, 223
USS Wisconsin, 298
USS Yorktown, 216
Utah, 49, 64
Utah Beach, 205–206, 206, 246
V-1/V-2 missiles, 208
Valcour Island, 10
Valencia, Gabriel, 57
Valley Forge, PA, 13, 14, 16
Van Fleet, James, 246
Van Rensselaer, Stephen, 30–31
Vara del Rey, Joachim, 108
Vaux, France, 154–155
Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands, 221
Vera Cruz, Mexico, 52, 54–55, 56, 60
Verdun, France, 137–138, 139, 162
Vermont, 10, 23
Vichy, France, 188
Vicksburg, MS, 88–89, 91, 97
Victory at Sea (documentary), 219–220
Viet Cong (VC) “Charlie,” 261, 263, 264, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 276
Vietnam
Vietnam War (1965-1975), xvi, 116, 255–284, 256, 362–363
World War II (1939-1945), 214
Villa, Pancho, 145
Villepin, Dominique de, 318
Vimy Ridge, Canada, 140
Vincennes, IN, 16
Vincent, Strong (Colonel), 82–83
Vinh, North Vietnam, 262, 263
violence inherent in warfare, xv–xvi. See also America at war; casualties
Virginia, 4, 10, 14, 16, 19, 39, 71, 72, 73–74, 74, 75, 77, 80, 81, 84, 90, 91, 93–94, 94–95, 95–96, 97
Virginia (Union warship), 74, 75
von Arnim, Jürgen, 190
von Steuben, Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, 14, 15
Wadi al-Batin, Kuwait, 307–308
Wake Island, 118, 179, 212
Walker, Walton, 241, 242, 244, 245, 250, 252
Wallace, Robert, 191
Wall Street Journal, 349
War Powers Act, 282
Warren, Sir John, 34–35, 37
wars. See America at war
Warsaw, Poland, 198
Washington, D.C., 39, 40, 42, 71, 72, 85, 89–90, 94, 95, 97, 141, 186, 200, 212, 213, 218, 240, 242, 243, 246, 350
Washington, George, 4, 6–8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 23, 24, 84, 85
Washington Post, 349, 350
Waterloo, Belgium, 128
Waxhaw Massacre, 17
weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), 293, 301, 312, 317, 318, 320, 332, 339, 340
weather and war, 7, 10, 13, 103, 192, 199, 202, 204–205, 209, 219, 224, 324
Wellington, Duke of, 34, 37, 40, 42, 56, 215
Western Front, WWI, 123, 145, 156, 157, 162, 164
West Indies, 14, 21
Westmoreland, William C., 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 279
West Point, U.S. Military Academy, 62, 64, 72, 77, 86, 270
West Point Military Series, 155
West Virginia, 78, 79
Weyand, Frederick, 275
Wheeler, Earle, 260
Wheeler, Joseph, 107, 109
Whigs, 21, 49, 50, 52, 63
White Plains, NY, 7
Wickes, Lambert, 12
Wilderness, VA, 93
“Wild Weasles,” 268
Wilhelm II (Emperor of Germany), 166
Wilhelmshaven, Germany, 164
Wilkes-Barre Massacre, 15
Wilkinson, James, 36
Williamsburg, VA, 19
Willmott, H. P., 163, 167
Wilmington, NC, 95
Wilson, Woodrow, 142, 143–144, 164–165
“wolf packs” (U-boats), 196, 197
women in wars, 147–148, 184, 192
Wonsan, Korea, 243
Wood, Leonard, 109
Wool, John E., 51, 52
Worden, John (Lieutenant), 75
World Trade Center, NY, 344, 345
World War I (1914-1918), xvi, 121–172, 122, 123, 358–359
World War I (Willmott), 167
World War II (1939-1945), 161, 173–236, 174, 175, 176, 177, 359–362
Worth, William, 59
Wright, Stace, xvi
Wright Cyclone R-3350s, 224
Wyoming, 49, 64
Yalu River, xvii, 243, 244, 247, 248, 252, 257
Yamamoto, Isoroku, 216–217, 218
Yamashita, Tomoyuki, 214, 215
Yamato (Japanese battleship), 230
Yasir al-Khuder, Iraq, 332
Yemen, 344
Yeo, Sir James, 36
Yokohama, Japan, 230
York, Canada, 36, 39
York River, 19, 20, 73
Ypres, Belgium, 130–131, 136–137, 140
Yugoslavia, 182, 234
Zaloga, Steven, 268
zeppelins (airships), 159
Zimmerman, Alfred, 144
Zucchino, David, 335–336