1. Lawrence Shainberg, Ambivalent Zen: A Memoir (New York: Pantheon Books, 1996), pp. 141–144.
2. See volume 2 of Frederick Perls, Ralph Hefferline, and Paul Goodman’s Gestalt Therapy (New York: Bantam Books, 1951), p. 483. Volume 2 of this text was written by Paul Goodman and contains the clearest exposition of the theory of Gestalt therapy that I have found.
3. D. W. Winnicott, “Ego Integration in Child Development” (1962) in The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment (New York: International Universities Press, 1965), p. 60.
4. Jack Kornfield, After the Ecstasy, the Laundry (New York: Bantam Books, 2000).
5. The Way of Lao Tzu (Tao-te Ching), trans. Wing-Tsit Chan (Indianapolis & New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1963), p. 225.
6. From a chapter entitled “Mind” in the Dhammapada, trans. P. Lal (New York: Farrar, Strauss & Giroux, 1967), pp. 49–50.
7. W. R. Bion, Attention and Interpretation (London: Tavistock, 1970), p. 42.
8. Michael Eigen, The Psychoanalytic Mystic (London: Free Association Books, 1998), pp. 39–40.
9. For the source of this quote, and for a wonderful portrait of Bion’s contributions, see Eigen’s Psychoanalytic Mystic (London: Free Association Books, 1998), p. 81. The quote itself is from W. R. Bion, Transformations (New York: Jason Aronson, 1965/1983), p. 148.
10. See Ram Dass, The Only Dance There Is (Garden City: Anchor Books, 1974), pp. 108–113.
11. Ram Dass, Grist For the Mill (with Stephen Levine) (Santa Cruz: Unity Press, 1976), pp. 73–74.
12. See Stephen Batchelor, The Awakening of the West: The Encounter of Buddhism and Western Culture (Berkeley: Parallax Press, 1994), pp. 3–15.
13. E. J. Thomas (ed.), Buddhist Scriptures (London: John Murray, 1913), pp. 118–122.
14. Michael Eigen, Psychic Deadness (New York: Jason Aronson, 1996).
15. Bhadantacariya Buddhaghosa, The Path of Purification (Visuddhimagga), trans. Bhikkhu Nanamoli (Berkeley & London: Shambhala, 1976), p. 152.
16. The Life of the Buddha According to the Pali Canon, trans. & ed. Bhikkhu Nanamoli (Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1972), p. 18.
17. Ibid., p. 21. Also see Roberto Calasso’s Ka: Stories of the Mind and Gods of India (New York: Vintage Books, 1998) for a discussion of this episode in the Buddha’s life.
18. For more on the Buddha’s drive for a greater individualism, see Robert Thurman’s Inner Revolution (New York: River head, 1998).
19. Kalu Rinpoche, The Dharma (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1986), p. 113.
20. For this discussion of the kleshas I am indebted to a corre spondence with Stephen Batchelor. For more on Shantideva, see his translation of A Guide to the Boddhisattva’s Way of Life (Bodhicaryavatära) (Dharamsala, India: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 1979).
21. D. W. Winnicott, “Birth Memories, Birth Trauma, and Anxiety” (1949) in Through Paediatrics to Psycho-Analysis: Collected Papers (New York: Bruner/Mazel, 1958, 1992), pp. 182–183.
22. For an account of this incident, see Russell Shorto’s Saints and Madmen: Breaking Down the Barriers Between Psychiatry and Spirituality (New York: Henry Holt, 1999), pp. 78–80.
23. Walpola Rahula, What the Buddha Taught (New York: Grove Press, 1959/1974), p. 65.
24. Shobogenzo: Zen Essays by Dogen, trans. Thomas Cleary (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1986), p. 19.
25. For more on this, see Michael Eigen, The Psychoanalytic Mystic, pp. 92–94, and Psychic Deadness, pp. 69–88.
26. Michael Eigen, “Feeling Normal” in Toxic Nourishment (London: Karnac Books, 1999), p. 87.
27. Jack Kornfield, Living Buddhist Masters (Santa Cruz: Unity Press, 1977), p. 19.
28. The Dhammapada, trans. P. Lal (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1967), p. 115.
29. Ibid., p. 127.
30. Jack Kornfield, A Path with Heart: A Guide Through the Perils and Promises of Spiritual Life (New York: Bantam, 1993), pp. 108–110.
31. See Michael Eigen’s “Originary Jouissance,” in his Psychoanalytic Mystic, p. 136.
32. Anguttara Nikaya: Discourses of the Buddha, An Anthology, trans. Nyanaponika Thera (Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1975).
33. Buddhaghosa, The Path of Purification (Visuddhimagga), pp. 149–150.
34. Stephen A. Mitchell, “Psychoanalysis and the Degradation of Romance,” Psychoanalytic Dialogues 7, no. 1 (1977): 24. See also his Can Love Last? The Fate of Romance Over Time (New York & London: W. W. Norton, 2002).
35. Buddhaghosa, The Path of Purification (Visuddhimagga), p. 752.
36. Ibid., p. 753.
37. Soma Thera, The Way of Mindfulness (Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1941/1981), p. 24.
38. For these descriptions and more, see Marilyn M. Rhie and Robert A. F. Thurman, Worlds of Transformation: Tibetan Art of Wisdom and Compassion (New York: Tibet House New York in association with the Shelley and Donald Rubin Foundation & Harry N. Abrams, Distributors, 1999), pp. 37–44. Quotes from p. 39.
39. The Life of the Buddha According to the Pali Canon, p. 324.
40. Allen Wheelis, How People Change (New York: Harper Colophon, 1973), p. 113.