Grammar Assumed:
The Imperfect. The First and Second Aorists. Indicative and Infinitive
Diogenes Laertius relates some of the circumstances surrounding the trial and execution of Socrates.
Ἀντισθένης δὲ καὶ Πλάτων ἐν Ἀπολογίᾳ τρεῖς αὐτοῦ κατηγορῆσαι ἔφασαν, Ἄνυτον καὶ Λύκωνα καὶ Μέλητον· τὸν μὲν Ἄνυτον ὑπὲρ τῶν δημιουργῶν καὶ τῶν πολιτικῶν· τὸν δὲ Λύκωνα ὑπὲρ τῶν ῥητόρων· καὶ τὸν Μέλητον ὑπὲρ τῶν ποιητῶν, οὓς ἅπαντας ὁ Σωκράτης διέσυρε.
ὁ Σωκράτης καταδικάσθεις ἔφη πέντε καὶ εἴκοσιν δραχμὰς ἀποτίσειν. Εὐβουλίδης γάρ ἑκατὸν ἔφη ὁμολογῆσαι· “ἕνεκα,” ἔφη, “τῶν ἐμοὶ διαπεπραγμένων τιμῶμαι τὴν δίκην τῆς ἐν πρυτανείῳ σιτήσεως.”
οἱ δὲ θάνατον αὐτοῦ κατέγνωσαν, καὶ αὐτὸν εἰς δεσμωτήριον ἢγαγον ὅπου πολλὰ καλὰ κἀγαθὰ ἔλεξε καὶ μετ᾽ οὐ πολλὰς ἡμέρας ἔπιε τὸ κώνειον, ἃ Πλάτων ἐν τῷ Φαίδωνι ἔγραψε.
ὁ μὲν οὖν κατέλιπε τὸ σῶμα· Ἀθηναῖοι δ᾽ εὐθὺς μετέγνωσαν, ὥστε κλεῖσαι καὶ παλαίστρας καὶ γυμνάσια. καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἐφυγάδευσαν, Μελήτου δὲ θάνατον κατέγνωσαν. Σωκράτην δὲ χαλκῇ εἰκόνι ἐτίμησαν, ἣν ἔθεσαν ἐν τῷ πομπείῳ.
Diogenes Laertius, Socrates, 39, 41-43.
|
Vocabulary |
|
|
Ἀντισθένης, -ους, ὁ |
Antisthenes, ca. 445 – ca. 360 BCE, considered the founder of the Cynics. Also, one of the most devoted followers of Socrates |
|
Πλάτων,-ωνος, ὁ |
Plato (see introduction) |
|
Ἀπολογία,-ας, ἡ |
The Apology, a work of Plato (see introduction) |
|
τρεῖς/τρία, τρίων, τρισί(ν), τρεῖς/τρία (Lesson 37, section 2) |
Three |
|
αὐτοῦ |
m/gen/sing “of him” |
|
κατηγορέω,-ήσω, κατηγορήσα (+ gen) |
to bring a charge against (someone) |
|
Ἄνυτος,-ου, ὁ |
Anytos (ca. 5th – 4th BCE), a wealthy Athenian, war hero and democratic leader who brought charges against Socrates |
|
Λύκων,-ωνος, ὁ |
Lycon, one of the three who brought charges against Socrates |
|
Μέλητος,-ου, ὁ |
Meletos, titular accuser of Socrates, perhaps the tool of Anytus, since Meletos was rather young at the time |
|
ὑπέρ (+ gen) |
on behalf of |
|
δημιουργός,-οῦ, ὁ |
a skilled workman |
|
πολιτικός,-οῦ, ὁ |
civil administrator |
|
ῥητήρ,-ῆρος, ὁ |
a speaker, politician |
|
Vocabulary (continued) |
|
|
ἅπαντας |
m/acc/pl “all” |
|
Σωκράτης,-ους, ὁ |
Socrates (469-399 BCE) famous philosopher condemned to death by an Athenian jury |
|
διασύρω, διασυρῶ, διέσυρα |
to tear to pieces |
|
κατεδικάσθεις |
m/nom/sing Perf. Pass. Ptc. “having been condemned” |
|
ἀποτίνω, ἀποτείσω, ἀπέτεισα |
Doric contraction of Fut. Act. Inf: to pay in full |
|
Εὐβουλίδης,-ους, ὁ |
Eubulides of Miletus, a teacher at Athens. He wrote a work against Aristotle, and is said to have taught Demosthenes |
|
πέντε και εἴκοσιν |
twenty-five |
|
ὁμολογέω,-ήσω, ὡμολόγησα |
to agree (to) |
|
ἑκατόν |
one hundred |
|
ἕνεκα (+ gen) (Lesson 29) |
on account of |
|
διαπεπραγμένων |
n/gen/pl Pfct. Pass. Ptc. “things accomplished” (with dative of agent) |
|
ἐμοὶ (Lesson 16) |
“by me” 1st pers./sing./dat. personal pronoun |
|
τιμῶμαι (Lesson 15) |
here: “I adjudicate”: from τιμάω cf. below |
|
Vocabulary (continued) |
|
|
σίτησις,-εως, ἡ |
consumption |
|
σίτησις ἐν πρυτανείῳ |
public maintenance |
|
καταγιγνώσκω,-γνώσομαι, κατέγνων |
to condemn (one) [+ gen] to (something) [+ acc] |
|
αὐτόν |
m/acc/sing “him” |
|
δεσμωτήριον,-ου, τό |
prison |
|
ὅπου (Lesson 27) |
where |
|
πολλά |
n/acc/pl “many” |
|
κἀγαθά |
(καί + ἀγαθά) |
|
πολλάς |
f/acc/pl “many” |
|
πίνω, πίομαι, ἔπιον |
to drink |
|
κώνειον,-ου, τό |
hemlock |
|
Φαίδων,-ωνος, ὁ |
The Phaedo, a work of Plato (see introduction) |
|
εὐθύς (Lesson 20) |
immediately |
|
μεταγιγνώσκω |
to have a change of mind |
|
κλείω, κλείσω, ἔκλεισα |
to close |
|
παλαίστρα,-ας, ἡ |
palaestra, wrestling school |
|
γυμνάσιον,-ου, τό |
gymnasium |
|
φυγαδεύω,-σω, ἐφυγάδευσα |
to banish |
|
Vocabulary (continued) |
|
|
τιμάω, τιμήσω, ἐτίμησα (α-contract verb; Lesson 15) |
to honor |
|
χαλκός,-ή,-όν |
f/dat/sing “bronze” |
|
εἰκών,-όνος, ἡ |
statue |
|
τίθημι, θήσω, ἔθησα (1st pers. pl. ἐθέσαμεν) (Lesson 14) |
to place |
|
πομπείον,-ου, τό |
a storehouse in Athens for sacred items used in the Panathenaic Festival. The storehouse was located between the Sacred and Dipylon Gates through which passed the road that led to Plato’s Academy and the sacred city of Eleusis |