Grammar Assumed:
Past General Conditions and Indirect Discourse with ὅτι
Xenophon describes the generosity and character of Cyrus, a Persian contending for the throne.
Κῦρος γὰρ ἔπεμπε βίκους οἴνου ἡμιδεεῖς πολλάκις ὁπότε πάνυ ἡδὺν λάβοι, λέγων ὅτι οὔπω δὴ πολλοῦ χρόνου τούτου ἡδίονι οἴνῳ ἐπιτύχοι· τοῦτον οὖν σοὶ ἔπεμψε καὶ δεῖταί σου τήμερον τοῦτον ἐκπιεῖν σὺν οἷς μάλιστα φιλεῖς.
πολλάκις δὲ χῆνας ἡμιβρώτους ἔπεμπε καὶ ἄρτων ἡμίσεα καὶ ἄλλα τοιαῦτα, ἐπιλέγειν κελεύων τὸν φέροντα· τούτοις ἥσθη Κῦρος· βούλεται οὖν καὶ σὲ τούτων γεύσασθαι.
ὅπου δὲ χιλὸς σπάνιος πάνυ εἴη, αὐτὸς δὲ δύναιτο παρασκευάσασθαι διὰ τὸ ἔχειν πολλοὺς ὑπηρέτας καὶ διὰ τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν, διαπέμπων ἐκέλευε τοὺς φίλους τοῖς τὰ ἑαυτῶν σώματα ἄγουσιν ἵπποις ἐμβάλλειν τοῦτον τὸν χιλόν, ὡς μὴ πεινῶντες τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ φίλους ἄγωσιν.
εἰ δὲ δή ποτε πορεύοιτο καὶ πλεῖστοι μέλλοιεν ὄψεσθαι, προσκαλῶν τοὺς φίλους ἐσπουδαιολογεῖτο, ὡς δηλοίη οὓς τιμᾷ. ὥστε ἐγὼ μέν γε, ἐξ ὧν ἀκούω, οὐδένα κρίνω ὑπὸ πλειόνων πεφιλῆσθαι οὔτε Ἑλλήνων οὔτε βαρβάρων.
*Xenophon. Anabasis. I.9.25-28
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Vocabulary |
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Κῦρος,-ου, ὀ |
Cyrus (d. 401 BCE), son of Darius II of Persia |
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βῖκος,-ου, ὁ |
jar |
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οἴνος,-ου, ὁ |
wine |
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ἡμιδεής,-ές |
half-empty |
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πάνυ |
very |
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οὔπω |
a stronger form of οὐ |
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ἐπιτυγχάνω (+ dat) (ἐπι + τυγχάνω) |
to find |
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δεῖται (+ gen) (Lesson 25) |
3rd sing. Pres. Act. Ind. from δέομαι, δεήσομαι, ἐδεήθην “to ask” (deponent verb) |
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τήμερον |
today |
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ἐκπίνω, ἐκπίομαι, ἔκπιον |
to drink |
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χήν, χηνός, ὁ, ἡ |
goose |
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ἡμίβρωτος,-ον |
half-eaten |
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ἄρτος,-ου, ὁ |
bread |
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ἥμισυς,-εια,-υ |
half |
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ἐπιλέγω (ἐπι + λέγω) |
to say in addition |
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ἥσθη (+ dat) |
3rd sing. Aor. Pass. Ind. from ἥδομαι, ἡσθήσομαι, ἥσθην “to enjoy (something)” (deponent verb) |
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Vocabulary (continued) |
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βούλεται (Lesson 26) |
3rd sing. Pres. Act. Ind. from βούλομαι, βουλήσομαι, ἐβουλήθην “to wish” (deponent verb) |
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γεύσασθαι (+ gen) |
Aor. Mid. Inf. from γεύω, γεύσω, ἔγουσα “to taste” |
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ὅπου (Lesson 27) |
where/wherever |
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χιλός,-οῦ, ὁ |
forage |
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σπάνιος,-α,-ον |
scarce |
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δύναιτο (Lesson 25) |
3rd sing. Impft. Act. Ind. from δύναμαι, δυνήσομαι, ἐδυνησάμην “to be able” (deponent verb) |
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παρασκευάσασθαι |
Aor. Mid. Inf. from παρασκευάζω, παρασκευάσω, παρεσκεύασα “to procure for oneself” |
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τό ἔχειν |
(articular infinitive) Lesson 15 n. 1 |
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ὑπηρέτης,-ου, ὁ |
assistant |
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ἐπιμέλεια,-ας, ἡ |
foresight |
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διαπέμπω (δία + πέμπω) |
to distribute |
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ἑαυτῶν (Lesson 20 n. 9 and Lesson 21 n. 3) |
gen/pl of ἑαυτοῦ,-ῆς,-οῦ (of himself/herself/itself) |
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ἵππος,-ου, ὁ (Lesson 26) |
horse |
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ἐμβάλλω (ἐμ + βάλλω) |
here “to feed” |
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πεινάω, -ήσω, ἐπείνησα |
to be hungry |
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Vocabulary (continued) |
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πορεύοιτο (Lesson 29) |
3rd sing. Pres. Act. Opt. from πορεύομαι, πορεύσομαι, ἐπορεύθην here “to journey” |
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ὄψεσθαι (Lesson 24) |
Fut. Mid. Inf. from ὁράω, ὄψομαι, εἶδον (2nd Principal Part not given in Lesson 24) |
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προσκαλέω |
to summon |
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σπουδαιολογέομαι, -λόγησα, -λογήθην |
to converse seriously |
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πεφιλεῖσθαι |
Pfct. Pass. Inf. from φιλέω “to have been loved” |