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Aborigines, Australian, 65
Abstinence from food, 70, 76, 109, 151–52, 210
Acid, 238, 239, 240, 257, 259, 260, 265, 268, 269–70, 273, 275, 276, 279–81, 282, 283; lactic acid, 87, 88, 236, 238
Additives, 42, 62, 66–67, 89, 104, 105, 108, 137–43 passim, 146, 149, 153, 216, 218, 220–21, 237, 275–76, 277, 279, 307, 309–11, 313, 314, 317. 320–21
Advertising, 42–43, 62, 105, 106–107, 109–11, 114, 186, 193, 209, 215, 218–19, 220, 238–39, 248, 275–76, 278, 292, 304, 305, 306, 315–20, 322
Aelian, 135
Africa, 27, 36–37, 39, 65, 67–69, 104–105, 120–21, 124, 145, 158, 169, 177, 180–82, 183, 202, 226, 267, 268, 275, 288. See also names of African countries.
Alchemy, 76, 293
Alcohol, 34, 39, 187–90, 215, 244, 273, 274, 280, 297, 308, 311, 312. See also Beer, Brandy, Liqueur, Rum, Whiskey, Wine.
Alexander the Great, 288
Algonquin Indians, 39
Algeria, 236
Allergies, 59, 181, 187, 220, 279
Almonds, 150, 236, 299
Ambrose, Saint, 125
Amino acids, see Protein
Anchovy, 236
Anderson, Alexander P., 186
Angelica, 201
Animal feed, 23, 26, 39, 40, 48, 51, 104, 134, 137–38, 139–40, 141, 143, 148, 280
Animals, 31, 36, 58, 65, 84, 85, 86, 88–90, 94, 95, 98, 100, 102, 110, 115, 119, 144, 158, 163, 168, 170, 178, 194, 291–92, 307; domestication of, 65, 119, 285. See also Factory Farming.
Anointing, 92, 94, 224, 242–43, 248, 249–54.
See also Cosmetics.
Antibiotics, 137, 140, 146
Aphrodisiacs, see Sex
Appert, Nicolas, 245
Apples, 150, 226, 239, 261–62, 273, 277, 283, 314
Arabs, 37, 67, 68, 69, 73, 86, 91, 97, 178, 180, 181, 197, 234, 263, 264–65, 273, 288, 297. See also individual Arab countries.
Archaeology and food, 27, 29–30, 56–57, 97, 122, 178, 240, 262
Archestratos, 215
Argentina, 158, 267
Aristophanes, 127
Aristoxenos of Cvrene, 203
Aroma, 13, 88, 92, 97, 98, 104, 108–109, 150, 165, 166, 175, 188, 239, 264, 265, 266, 267, 279, 280, 284, 299, 300
Arterio Sclerosis, see Atherosclerosis
Artichokes, 16
Arugula, see Rocket
Ash, 32–33, 38
Aspartame, 275
Assam, 262
Assyrians, 122, 263. See also Iraq.
Athenaeus, 151, 301
Atherosclerosis, 110
Auden, W.H., 21
Augustus, Emperor, 204
Australia, 65, 158, 177, 226, 267, 269, 295, 319
Austria, 56–57, 86, 88, 271, 300, 305, 311
Azolla, 170–71
Aztecs, 31, 34, 39, 72, 197
Bacon, Francis, 293–94
Bahamas, 205
Baking powder, 23
Bali, see Indonesia
Bananas, 177, 267, 271, 283
Bangladesh, 145, 156
Barlev, 95, 155, 157, 178, 187, 199, 282
Barthes, Roland, 152
Battery Hens, see Factory Farming
Bay leaves, 248, 255
Beans, 30, 31, 32, 38, 155
Beecher, Catharine, 100, 296
Beecher-Stowe, Harriet, 100
Beef, 51, 56–57, 70, 102, 103, 110, 117, 148, 151, 152, 221, 222, 292
Beer, 23, 34, 90, 98, 109, 169, 187, 220, 235, 295, 307, 308, 312, 319. See also Sake, Chicha.
Beethoven, Ludwig von, 300
Befu, Harumi, 188
Belgium, 40, 88, 146, 204, 218
Belize, 33–34
Ben and Jerry’s, 318
Benedict, Saint, 152
Bentley, E. Clerihew, 78
Beri-beri, 184–85
Berkeley, William, 290
Bioflavonoids, 283–84
Black, Joseph, 294
Blaga, Lucian, 41
Blancmange, 150
Bleaching food, 44, 104, 107, 220, 241
Blood, 65, 66, 67, 70, 75, 95, 101, 127, 128, 130, 143, 150, 151, 152, 154, 170, 215
Bodin, Jean, 57
Boiling, 19, 39, 65, 151, 163, 165, 198, 254
Bolivia, 275
Boorde, Andrew, 89–90, 195
Bouillon cubes, 143
Brand loyalty, 209, 278, 292
Brandy, 274
Braudel, Fernand, 287
Brazil, 37, 103, 104, 124, 180, 267
Bread, 14, 39, 42, 62, 67, 96, 102, 103, 104, 128, 155, 168, 184, 199–200, 213, 225, 229, 235, 239, 284, 306, 312
Breakfast, 42–44, 173, 186–87, 277, 306
Breast-feeding, 33, 166, 167, 187, 196–97
Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme, 179, 301, 306
Brine, see Salt
Britain, 15–18 passim, 24, 37, 57, 61, 69, 71, 73–75, 86, 87–88, 96, 98–99, 101, 103, 106, 108, 122, 123, 129, 136, 139, 142, 146, 147, 150–51, 152, 165, 179, 180, 202, 204, 218, 222, 252, 253–54, 255, 260, 267, 273–74, 281–83, 287, 289, 290, 292, 294, 296, 299–300, 303, 305, 307, 311, 319
Brown, 23, 165, 184, 192
Brunsing, Rex L., 208
Buddhism, 95, 96, 121, 129, 170, 171, 187
Buontalenti, Bernardo, 297–98
Burma, 37, 119, 120, 156, 160, 167, 262
Burt, Harry Sr. 305
Butter, 14, 18, 19, 23, 38, 83–114, 128, 147, 232, 243, 254–55, 256, 273, 292, 311, 317
Butterfat, see Fat
Buttermilk, 85–87
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 40
Cabbage, 70, 204, 212, 221, 260
Cabot, Sebastian, 36–37
Caesar, Julius, 61, 123
Cafés, 255, 274, 297, 298–99, 300, 305, 311. See also Ice Cream Parlours.
Calcium, 64, 91, 130, 138, 279
Cambyses, King of Persia, 203
Camerarius, 25, 230
Canada, 16, 40, 47, 48, 54, 70–71, 80, 105–106, 109, 111–12, 137, 146, 206, 210, 212, 213, 218, 281, 291, 309, 311, 319
Canary Islands, 226
Candler, Asa Griggs, 275
Candy, 23, 169, 192, 201, 263, 265, 273, 279, 312
Cannibalism, 34, 144, 151
Capons, 117, 123, 150
Carême, Antonin, 313–14
Caribbean, 37, 71, 129, 274, 279–80. See also individual countries.
Carletti, Francesco, 164
Carlos, Don, 296
Carrots, 16, 89, 212
Cartier, Jacques, 281
Carving, 17, 115, 116, 152, 153
Cassava, 181
Cellini, Benvenuto, 281
Celts, 56–57, 86, 93, 123
Chain stores, 118, 305, 309
Charlemagne, Emperor, 252
Charles of Anjou, 73
Chavez, Cesar, 209–11
Cheese, 14, 18, 24, 64, 70, 87, 88, 90–91, 95, 97–98, 101, 151, 179, 235, 255, 279, 299, 306, 309, 310
Chevreul, Michel-Eugène, 78
Chewing gum, 279
Chicha, 34, 39
Chicken, 14, 16–17, 19, 23, 43, 51, 63, 84, 115–54, 155, 163, 184, 218, 220, 222, 273, 276, 294, 295
Chicory, 199, 201
Chile, 124, 267
China, 37, 46, 73, 91, 96, 120, 121–22, 145–46, 150, 160–61, 162, 163, 164–66, 170, 173, 178, 181, 197, 202, 226, 262, 264, 288, 289, 297, 298, 312
Chloride, Chlorine, 63, 77–79, 82, 302
Chocolate, 274, 297, 299, 305, 309, 314, 320
Cholesterol, 108, 110–12, 113, 114, 117, 146, 153, 222, 256–58, 320
Chopsticks, 164, 172
Christianity, 70, 76, 77, 91–92, 96, 125, 133–34, 151–52, 227–28, 234, 237, 244, 247, 248–49, 250, 251, 252–54
Churning, 85–87, 90, 93–94, 96, 100–102, 301, 303, 316, 318
Cinnamon, 97, 179
Citrons, 261, 262–64, 265, 266
Civilization and food, 12, 67, 76–77, 151, 155–91 passim, 198–99, 224–26, 234, 247, 248, 249, 252, 285–87, 312–14
Clovis, King, 252
Coca-Cola, 275–76, 279
Cocaine, 275
Cockfìghting, 119–20, 122, 123–29, 133, 168
Coconuts, 103–104, 111, 169, 277
Cod, 70, 71, 152
Coffee, 23, 235, 260, 274, 296, 297, 299, 300, 320
Colbert, Jean Baptiste, 73
Colgate Company, 45
Colour and food, 33, 35, 39, 43, 47, 89, 104, 107, 109, 137, 158, 220, 237, 239, 265, 268, 270, 275, 310, 311. See also individual colours.
Columbus, Christopher, 30, 205
Columbus, Diego, 32
Cone, ice cream, 304, 311, 314–15, 321
Confucius, 164
Cookbooks, 40, 98, 179, 255–56, 300
Cooking, 38–40, 65, 107, 147, 151, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 198, 285, 295–96, 297–98. See also Boiling, Frying, Roasting, Stewing.
Copts, 101–102, 280
Corn, 14, 16, 18, 19, 22–55, 83, 103–104, 117, 134, 146, 150, 161, 181, 187, 219, 273, 291
Corn Flakes, 41–44, 277
Corn oil, 23, 111, 255, 256, 258, 320
Corn starch, see Starch
Corn syrup, 23, 45, 310, 320
Cosmetics, 92, 242–44, 265, 279, 280–81
Cottonseed oil, 103, 113, 241, 255
Cream, 86, 87, 88, 96, 101, 179, 254, 298–300, 301, 302, 306, 307, 309–11, 316–19
Creoles, 255
Crete, ancient, 240
Crispness, 42, 44, 187, 193, 200–201, 216
Cuba, 30, 291
Cucumbers, 198, 221
Cups, 188–90, 304–305
Curaçao, 281
Custard, 96–97, 300, 301
Cyprus, 244, 279
Czechoslovakia, 158
Da Gama, Vasco, 179, 268, 281
Da Vinci, Leonardo, 77
Dairy products, 16, 87, 102, 105, 110, 113, 217, 295, 300, 310. See also individual products.
Dandelion, 199, 202
Darwin, Charles, 119
David, Elizabeth, 12
David, King, 251
Davy, Humphry, 77–78
Deboning, 117, 148–49
Democritus, 242
Denmark, 98, 317
De Quincey, Thomas, 15, 16
Desalination, 63, 80, 181
Dessert, 19, 179, 216, 222, 279, 298, 300, 305, 306, 314, 321. See also Ice Cream.
Detienne, Marcel, 199
Dirt, 66, 92, 98, 242. See also Pollution, Purity.
Disney, Walt, 316–17
Divination, 120, 123
Dixie Cups, 304–305
Dogs, 32, 119, 122, 151
Dormice, 123
Dudley, Paul, 25
Dumas, Alexandre, 179
Dumplings, 188
Durrell, Lawrence, 235
Ecuador, 30, 32
Eels, 163
Eggplant, 256
Eggs, 101, 108, 110, 119–20, 121, 123, 124, 128, 129–132, 133, 136, 137–39, 140, 146, 150, 151, 153, 166, 295, 298, 299, 302, 309, 310, 318
Egypt, 80, 140, 158, 195, 202, 235, 264, 280
Egyptians, ancient, 13, 45, 57, 69,70, 73, 92, 122, 123, 125, 128, 140, 194, 201–202, 234, 243, 244, 251
Eijkman, Christian, 184
Eison, 187
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 234, 306
Endive, 198
Equatorial Guinea, 37
Erasmus, 62
Eskimo Pie, 305
Ethiopia, 68–69, 92, 120
Etruscans, 57
Evelyn, John, 204
Factory farming, 51, 123, 129, 130, 131, 132, 136–39, 140–49, 163, 212
Farnham, J.M.W., 46
Fat, 23, 78, 83–87, 88–90, 92–93, 97, 99–100, 101, 102, 109, 110–11, 117, 147, 151, 155, 183–84, 189, 239, 250, 256–58, 308, 309, 310, 317, 320, 321
Feedlot operating, 51, 80
Fennel, 199, 236
Fertility rites, 31, 34, 40, 94, 101–102, 162–63, 167, 169–71, 194
Fertilizer, 28, 31, 34, 53, 55, 140, 159, 162, 170–71, 172, 173–74, 175, 181, 204, 206, 266
Figs, 255
Finland, 97
Fish, 23, 31, 34, 38, 69–70, 150–53 passim, 163, 175, 179, 181, 183, 222, 245, 260, 273, 289, 298. See also Cod, Salmon.
Fish Oil, 103
Flavour, 88, 104, 108, 110, 111, 113, 114, 117, 118, 142, 149, 155, 175, 187, 192, 224, 234–36, 237, 238, 241, 258, 259–60, 277, 278, 279–80, 303, 310, 315, 318, 321
Food: baby, 23, 179, 187, 279, 312; canned, 23, 67, 143, 148, 214, 237, 245; changing the appearance of, 12, 89, 107, 108–109, 117, 147, 152, 220, 237, 239, 298, 301, 310, 313, 315; fast, 109, 117–19, 148, 149, 151, 200, 212, 234, 255; “female” and “male,” 19, 24, 27, 76, 87, 101, 150–52, 164–65, 166–68, 196–99, 215, 216, 222, 314, 317–18, 321–22; festive, 19, 94–95, 97, 116, 118, 153, 163, 305–306, 308, 311, 314–16; frozen, see Freezing; hand-held, 19, 39–40, 83, 116, 149, 192, 234, 255, 303–305, 311, 314–15; health, 41–42, 106, 112, 113, 184, 320–21; insects as, 144; invalid, 150; “light,” 109–110, 113, 116, 152–53, 187, 320–21; medicinal, 40–41, 92–94, 111, 150–51, 178, 195–98, 203–4, 244, 252–53, 256–57, 265, 274–76, 279–84; “natural,” 83, 112, 113, 216, 220, 293–94, 307, 318–19; poisoning, 241–42; preservation of, 70–71, 76, 77, 93, 97, 192, 286, 289, 294, 306–307, 316–22. See also Freezing, Irradiation, Shelf-lite; processed, 99–100, 103–105, 148, 149, 152, 192, 220, 221, 236–37, 238, 277, 279, 293, 310–11, 320–21; street vending of, 303–306, 308, 318; timing by, 24, 34, 169; trade in, 57, 68–69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 287–90; transportation of, 28, 37, 61, 67–69, 97, 202, 206, 207, 212, 213, 216, 221, 225, 237, 239, 268, 271, 286, 287, 289, 290, 291, 295, 305, 306–307, 309; for travel, 27–28, 34, 39. 56–57, 70–71, 98, 100, 117–18, 121, 124, 281–83
Fork, 19, 116, 164
Forman, Harrison, 95
Forrest, William, 222
Foucault, Michel, 322
France, 16, 17, 18, 22, 40, 57, 70, 71, 73, 86, 91–92, 99, 101–103, 106, 116, 123, 141, 146, 150, 152, 156, 158, 165, 195, 202, 214, 216, 218, 222, 228, 229, 233, 236, 237, 238, 241, 243, 252–53, 254, 263, 271, 273, 274, 282, 284, 287, 297–99,300, 301, 304, 305, 306, 311, 313, 314, 318. See also Gauls.
Freezing, 23, 26, 71, 143, 152, 193, 201, 277, 279, 286, 294, 301, 302, 305, 307, 308, 311, 313. See also Ice.
Freshness, 26, 89–90, 193, 200, 214, 219–20, 222, 269
Frogs, 163, 165, 179, 218
Fruit, 16, 20, 23, 151, 195, 216, 218, 221, 222, 275, 276, 281, 289, 299, 300, 301, 310, 311, 313. See also individual fruits.
Frusen Glädjé, 317–18
Frying, 16–17, 19, 117, 151, 198, 254
Fuchs, Leonard, 204
Fugard, Athol, 267
Funk, Casimir, 185
Fussell, Jacob, 306
Gabon, 37
Gandhi, Mahatma, 74–75
Garlic, 13, 97, 128, 187, 229, 255, 256, 282
Gatti, Carlo, 303–304
Gauls, 123, 243
Geertz, Clifford, 128
Gelatin, 279, 302, 309–310
Genetics, 29, 44–49, 138–39, 147, 173–77, 193, 200. See also Hybridization.
Gerard, John, 198
Germany, 37, 40, 84–85, 86, 88, 98, 100–101, 106, 125, 146, 186, 271, 272–73, 295, 304, 318
Ghana, 39, 180
Ghee, 93–95, 96, 101
Gin, 23, 260
Ginger beer, 275
Glasse, Hannah, 300
Goat, 256
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 273
Goitre, 62
Goldberger, Joseph, 33
Golden, see Yellow
Gondwanaland, 177
Good Humor Bar, 305
Gooseberries, 203, 273
Gourds, 198
Grafting, 225, 226, 227, 237, 263, 268–69
Granita, 297, 300
Grapefruit, 261, 266, 269, 273
Grapes, 210, 229, 267, 273
Greece, 91, 183, 233, 235, 237, 255–56, 288
Greeks, ancient, 69, 76, 90, 92, 96, 99, 115, 122, 123, 125–27, 128, 133, 135, 151, 168, 178, 196, 197, 198–99, 203, 215, 233, 236, 242–43, 244–47, 248, 249, 250, 255, 261, 264, 272, 285–86, 288, 295–96, 301
Green, 193, 198, 214, 216, 220, 221, 227, 228, 239, 265
Green Revolution, 49, 52–53, 55, 79, 174–76, 181–82
Gregory the Great, 221
Grijns, Gerrit, 184
Guatemala, 32, 33–34, 51–53
Guinea-Conakry, 181
Guzmán, Rafael, 29
Gwynn, Nell, 274
Häagen-Dazs, 317–19
Hallstatt, 56–57, 72, 86
Ham, 71, 149, 284
Hamburgers, 12, 117, 152, 200
Hamwi, Ernest A., 304
Harvesting, 26, 28, 38, 52, 144, 157, 158, 162, 167, 168, 172, 173, 174, 193, 194, 206, 207, 213, 225, 228–31, 233, 239,263, 269–70. See also Mechanization.
Heart disease, 64, 110, 113, 256. See also Atherosclerosis.
Hedonism, 43, 101–102, 114, 203, 317, 318, 320, 322
Henri IV of France, 116
Henry IV of England, 253
Herbicides, 28, 49–50, 55, 79, 172, 206, 225, 232
Herbs, 97, 199, 213, 221, 225, 235, 236–37, 255, 256, 281
Herodotus, 96, 203
Hinduism, 94, 121, 129, 169
Hippocrates of Cos, 197, 203, 296
Hoabinhians, 178
Holland, 37, 71. 80, 88, 90, 96, 98, 99–100, 102–103, 184–85, 204, 218, 281
Homer, 99, 122, 151, 244, 246
Honey, 84, 94, 101, 204, 242, 273, 302
Hopi Indians, 35
Hopkins, Frederick, 185
Hormones, 141
Hors d’oeuvres, 14, 215–16
Horseradish, 203
Horses, 96, 151
Hospitality, 15, 67, 96–97, 190–91, 249, 250
Humoral Medicine, 197–198, 203, 204, 305
Hungary, 37, 158, 282, 283
Hybridization, 29, 35, 44, 46–50, 53, 54, 81, 174–77, 205, 261, 262
Hydrogenation, 103–104, 111
Hydroponics, 214
Hypertension, 64
Ice, 61, 71–72, 198, 207, 279, 286–96, 297, 300–301, 302, 303, 305, 306, 312, 314, 316
Ice Cream, 12, 14, 18, 19, 23, 71, 260, 279, 286–87, 290. 295–322
Ice Cream Parlours, 305–306, 316, 317. See also Catés.
Ice houses, 288–89, 290–91, 300
Iceland, 97
Ice man, 302
Illumination, 94–95, 224, 234, 238, 244, 248, 251
Incas, 34, 124, 170
Incubation, 122, 123, 131, 140–41
India, 69, 74–75, 92–95, 104, 119, 121–23, 127–28, 129, 145, 158, 160, 169, 173, 176, 178, 179, 185, 262, 264, 265, 267, 268, 273, 288–89, 291, 298
Indians, American, 24–39, 46, 47, 51–53, 65, 66, 91, 124–25, 182, 196, 197, 269, 281. See also tribal names.
Indonesia, 119, 128, 162–63, 166, 168, 169, 176, 177–78, 184
Indus Valley Civilization, 119, 121, 262
Industrial Revolution, 74–79, 99, 102–103, 111–12, 287, 292, 313
Insomnia, 195, 198
Instant puddings, 46, 66–67, 150
Inuit, 65
Iran, 120, 122, 178, 196, 203, 245, 263, 264, 299, 304. See also Islam, Zoroastrians.
Iraq, 146, 178, 197, 262, 263, 264. See also Assyrians, Sumerians.
Ireland, 40, 96–97, 101
Iroquois, 31
Irradiation of food, 194, 217–20
Irreplaceability, 73, 75–76, 84–85, 104–105, 113, 210, 248–54
I.R.R.I., 174–76
Irrigation, 80–81, 156, 158–63, 165, 166, 172, 174, 177, 178, 179, 181, 214, 232. See also Water.
Islam, 121, 125, 250, 264
Israel, 218, 227–28, 273, 288. See also Judaism.
Italy, 16, 22, 37, 40, 57, 68, 72, 92, 125, 141, 150, 169, 179–80, 183, 202, 205, 208, 225, 229, 230, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239,243, 247, 264, 265, 267, 269, 271–72, 273, 279, 289, 297–98, 299, 300, 303–304, 305, 311, 314. See also Romans.
Ivory Coast, 39, 180
Jam, 23, 265, 280, 299
Jamaica, 291
Japan, 54, 62–63, 91, 92, 166, 170, 172, 173, 186, 187–90, 254, 262, 312
Jefferson, Thomas, 179–80, 290
Johnson, Nancy, 301
Jones, Orlando, 45
Joule, James, 294
Judaism, 62, 67, 69, 70, 91, 101, 122, 125, 130, 150, 168, 199–200, 225, 227, 229, 234, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 263–64, 320
Kampuchea, 119, 182
Kellogg, J.H., 41–42
Kellogg, Will, 41–44, 277
Kenya, 126
Kimber, John, 136
Knife, 19, 62, 107, 116, 164, 312
Kirchoff, G.S.C., 45
Kitchen, 17, 107
Kola nut, 275
Korea, 312
Kramer, E., 282
Kumquats, 261, 262
Kumyss, 96
Kwashiorkor, 33
Labelling, food, 67, 218–19, 220–21, 238, 317
Lactose, 90–91, 312, 320
Lamb, 199, 288
Laos, 160, 173
Lard, 84, 89, 92, 98, 103, 107
Lawrence, D.H., 272
Leblanc, Nicolas, 78
Left-overs, 17
Lemonade, 273–78, 297
Lemons, 14, 19, 20, 75, 167, 200, 237, 255, 259–84, 300, 314; Lemon juicers, 276–77
Lentils, 94, 155
Leo, John, 37
Lettuce, 14, 18, 19, 192–223, 238, 260
Libya, 235
Limes, 167, 261, 262, 264, 265, 267, 273, 276, 280, 283
Lind, James, 282
Lipitz, Edward, 317–18
Liqueur, 263, 297, 299
Liver, see Offal
Lobsters, 151
Logan, James, 25
Luther, Martin, 92
Macaroons, 299, 300
Madison, Dolley, 301
Maize, see Corn
Malagasy, 156, 169, 177, 180, 281
Malaria, 182–83, 244
Malaysia, 145, 156, 167, 168, 183, 197, 262
Mali, 68, 72, 180
Mandarin oranges, see Tangerines
Manzoni, Alessandro, 40
Margarine, 23, 85, 99, 100, 102–14, 153, 233, 256–57
Marigolds, 89, 153
Marmalade, 265, 273, 280
Martial, 243
Martini, 236
Martinique, 290
Mattus, Reuben, 316–18
Mauritania, 68
Maya, 32, 33–34, 51
McDonald’s, 118, 305
Meals, structure of, 14–20, 116, 150, 152, 163, 164, 181, 188–90, 215–16, 221–22, 235–36, 274, 276, 284, 293, 305–306, 320. See also Breakfast.
Meat, 23, 32, 51, 69–70, 96, 102–103, 141, 146, 150, 151, 152, 153, 163, 164, 165, 193, 200, 207, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222,235, 255, 256, 260, 273, 279, 286, 289, 295, 305, 306, 320. See also Beef, Chicken, Lamb, Pork.
Mechanization of farming, 48–51, 54, 112–14, 144, 145, 148, 171–72, 173, 174–75, 181–82, 193, 207, 209, 210, 211–12, 213–14, 231, 232, 270
Mège-Mouriès, Hippolyte, 102
Melons, 198
Mendel, Gregor, 46
Mexico, 29, 30, 33–34, 36, 72, 197–98, 207–14, 237, 267
Milk, 23, 33, 36, 39, 40, 44, 84, 85, 86–88, 89–91, 94, 96, 100, 102–104, 110, 131, 140, 150, 151, 167, 179, 192, 196, 215, 222, 287, 298, 300, 301, 302, 306–307, 308, 309–15, 318. See also Breast-feeding.
Millet, 40, 155, 160, 181
Milne, A.A., 172
Minerals, 193, 222
Mining, 56–57, 58–60, 66, 285, 288
Mithraism, 125
Monasteries, 95, 152, 204, 221, 271–72
Money, food as, 68, 69, 164
Mongolia, 92, 120, 273
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, 300
Montesquieu, 179
Moore, Thomas, 294–95
Morocco, 37, 68, 72, 97, 236, 265
Muffett, Thomas, 151, 152
Musa, Antonius, 203
Myrrh, 198–99
Naming of animals and trees, 144, 228
Nasturtium, 196
Natchez Indians, 36
New Zealand, 105–106, 158, 295, 319
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 179
Nigeria, 39, 104, 142
Nitrogen, 49, 53, 162, 171
Norway, 135, 292, 299, 307
Nostalgia, 102, 106, 113, 272, 311, 315–17, 318
Oath-taking, 67, 77
Offal, 143, 149, 256
Ojibway Indians, 35
Olive oil, 14, 19, 90–92, 99, 103, 111, 113, 179, 213, 224–58, 260
Olives, 224–26, 228, 229, 233–37, 255, 272
Onions, 12–14, 198, 207, 218, 236, 288
Opposites, Cosmic Svstem of, 76, 125, 164–65, 197–98, 296–97, 305
Oranges, 207, 220, 237, 261, 262, 263, 264–69, 271, 273, 274, 276–79, 281–84
Osmotic Pressure, 63, 200
Oxidation, 88–89
Oysters, 98, 151, 163
Packaging, 23, 28, 42–43, 55, 89, 90, 102, 106, 118–119, 143, 172, 193, 207, 208–209, 212, 213, 214, 277–78, 305, 313, 317–18
Pakistan, 121, 173, 175. See also Indus Valley Civilization.
Palm oil, 39, 103, 111
Parboiling, 185
Parkes, Fanny, 288
Pasta, 16, 155
Pasteurization, 87, 90, 237, 277, 307, 308, 313
Pastry, 113, 128, 153, 222, 314
Peace, 101, 108, 231, 247, 248, 249, 252, 254
Peanuts, 39, 103, 241, 255
Peas, 46, 198
Pectin, 276, 280
Pellagra, 32–33
Peppers: red hot, 39, 128, 198, 237; sweet, 236, 279
Pepsi-Cola, 276
Pepys, Samuel, 294
Persia, see Iran
Peru, 34, 39, 124, 289–90. See also Incas.
Pesticides, 23, 49–50, 55, 79, 158, 175, 176, 181, 206, 210–11, 225, 232, 270
Petroleum, 59, 60, 82, 104, 174
Philippines, 104, 129, 160, 168, 176, 177, 178, 207. See also I.R.R.I.
Phoenicians, 123, 243
Pickling, 233–38, 289
Pithvllos, 203
Planting, 28, 31–34, 49, 51–52, 158, 159, 162, 166, 169, 172, 180, 227, 232, 264
Plant libraries, 54, 176–77, 286
Plato, 245–46, 259–60
Pliny, 92
Plums, 262
Plutarch, 255
Pocock, David, 15
Poland, 58–59
Polenta, 16, 40
Pollution, 20, 46, 50, 51, 60, 78–79, 80–82, 121, 140, 175, 176, 183, 214, 217, 219, 225, 286
Polo, Marco, 72, 96, 298
Polynesians, 124
Pomelos, 261, 262
Pop, see Soft drinks
Popcorn, 26, 27
Pope, Alexander, 198
Poppy seed, 195
Pork, 51, 70, 84, 87, 151, 163, 218, 291
Portugal, 36, 37, 70, 71, 124, 179, 181, 233, 236, 264, 268, 269, 273, 281
Post, Emily, 200, 215
Potassium, 64, 162
Potatoes, 16, 23, 25, 96, 152, 155, 207, 218, 222, 279
Pots, for cooking, 17–18, 85–86, 163, 164–65
Prawns, 218
Procopio dei Coltelli, Francesco, 297, 298–99, 300, 305
Protein, 32–33, 48, 65, 93, 149, 175, 184, 218, 309
Proust, Marcel, 153–54, 314
Pruning, 225, 230–32, 266
Pueblo Indians, 31
Pulcher, P. Claudius, 123
Puller, General Lewis B., 312
Pumpkins, 32
Punch, 273
Purity, 35, 61, 62, 74, 77, 84, 94, 101–102, 107–108, 121, 134, 166, 169, 216, 248, 275, 292, 293, 311, 312–14, 317. See also White.
Purslane, 198
Pym, Barbara, 19
Pythagoras, 61, 196
Quaker Oats Company, 186–87
Quinces, 262, 264, 273
Rabelais, 203
Radicchio, 202, 213
Rancidity, 88–89, 93, 98, 100, 101, 183, 257
Rapeseed oil, 103, 241
Raspberries, 300, 314
Rats, 163
ReaLemon, 278
Réaumur, Antoine Ferchault de, 141
Refrigeration, 71, 79, 90, 110, 206–208, 285–322 passim
Refrigerators, 294–95, 305, 306, 309, 314–15
Reid, J. and R., 47
Reindeer, 65
Restaurants, 15, 22, 188–89, 215, 220, 222, 299
Rice, 14, 16, 17, 19, 25, 33, 40, 94, 150, 155–91, 225, 282, 298
Richard II of England, 253
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 284
Roasting, 16–17, 19, 38, 116, 147, 151, 163, 199, 306
Rocket, 196, 213
Romania, 37, 40–41
Romans, ancient, 16, 40, 45, 57, 61, 69, 72, 119, 123, 178, 196, 197, 203–204, 215, 225, 233, 234, 242–43, 244, 263, 264, 288. See also Julius Caesar.
Rubber, 194
Rum, 71, 180, 282, 299
Russia, 45, 59, 67, 90, 95, 96, 107, 183, 218, 284, 290, 294
Sacrifice, 31, 34, 120, 127, 144, 164, 169–70, 288
Saffron, 89, 153
Sake, 187–90
Salad, 16, 152, 196, 200, 204–5, 222, 238, 274. See also Lettuce.
Saliva, 63, 259
Salmon, 289
Salt, 14, 18, 19, 23, 38, 56–82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 95, 97–98, 100–101, 164, 181, 200, 214, 216, 225, 236, 237, 238, 260, 265, 289, 293, 300, 301–303, 314, 316
São Tomé, 37
Saturation of fats, 103–104, 107, 110–111
Saudi Arabia, 146, 263
Sauerkraut, 70
Sausages, 69–70, 143, 148, 149, 305
Scandinavia, 40, 62, 97, 317. See also individual countries.
Schjelderup-Ebbe, T., 135
Scurvy, 281–83
Scythians, 90, 96, 123
Sea-water, 60–63, 64–65, 226, 245, 282
Seeds, 103–104, 176–77, 180–81, 198, 201–202, 227, 233, 241, 256, 261, 268–69, 280, 281. See also Planting.
Seminole Indians, 269
Seneca, L. Annaeus, 288
Seven-Up, 276
Seventh Day Adventists, 41
Sex, 76, 93, 94, 100–101, 126, 128, 130, 133, 135, 138, 160, 167, 179, 194–99, 205, 216, 243; roles, 31, 86–87, 116, 125, 133–36, 159, 166–67, 187, 188, 189, 209, 216, 222, 244, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 321–22
Shakespeare, William, 75–76, 125, 251–52
Shelf-life, 23, 27, 103, 109, 110, 112, 183–84, 185, 188, 192, 193, 216–21, 269–70, 271, 276, 277, 279, 295, 314–15
Sherbet, 274, 288, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302. See also Granita.
Shinto, 187
Shish-Kebab, 255, 256
Shull, George H., 46
Sierra Leone, 39, 180
Signatures, Doctrine of, 195–96
Skordalia, 255, 256
Slaves, 36–37, 68, 71, 96, 180, 182–83
Smen, 97
Smith, Sydney, 205, 260
Smollett, Tobias, 98
Snow, 288, 289, 290, 294, 296, 312–13
Soap, 23, 78, 243, 265, 279, 280
Socrates, 125
Soda Water; Sodas, 274–75, 306, 308, 309
Sodium, 63, 71, 77–78, 79, 82, 302
Soft drinks, 23, 109, 260, 273–76, 279, 321
Solomon, King, 252
Sorghum, 160, 181. See also Broomcorn.
Soup, 99, 150, 198, 276, 297
South Africa, 37, 218, 226, 267, 281
Soy Beans, 103–104, 108, 111, 146, 149, 241, 245, 256, 258, 320
Spain, 22, 36, 37, 40, 57, 68, 70, 71, 72, 90, 126, 146, 178–79, 182, 183, 197, 230, 233, 234, 236, 237, 238, 241–12, 243, 252, 264, 265, 268, 269, 273, 287, 289, 296
Spices, 179, 199, 218, 250, 255, 256
Spoon, 19, 62, 150, 253, 304–305
Sport, 119–20, 126–29, 242–43, 246, 247
Squash, 31, 32
Sri Lanka, 95, 169
Staples, 16, 18, 24, 32, 34–35, 38, 40, 112, 155, 167, 175, 181
Starch, 19, 23, 25, 26, 27, 45–46, 150, 155, 186, 277
Status, 16–17, 19, 67, 77, 84, 85, 88, 94, 97–100, 105–107, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 118, 134, 135, 144, 151, 152, 153, 165–66, 181, 183, 190, 193, 213, 221–22, 225, 235, 239, 254, 255–56, 257–58, 295, 311, 316–22 passim
Stendhal, 322
Stevens, Wallace, 315
Stewing, 34, 151, 256, 273
Stickiness, 172–73, 179
Stones, bladder and kidney, 98
Strawberries, 206, 222, 300, 301, 314, 320
Succory, 198
Sudan, 120
Sugar, 23, 26, 33, 45, 67, 71, 84, 94, 150, 173, 179, 180, 221, 254, 268, 273, 274–75, 277, 280, 282, 297, 309, 310, 311, 318, 320
Sulphites, 220
Sumerians, 121, 195, 262
Sunflower oil, 103, 111, 256
Supermarkets, 22–23, 55, 89, 194, 208, 219–20, 269–70, 309, 314–15. See also Chain stores.
Sweden, 317, 318
Swift, Jonathan, 49
Switzerland, 40, 62, 88, 208, 274, 318
Syria, 274, 304
Szent-Györgyi, Albert, 283
Table manners, 15, 16, 19, 62, 77, 164, 188–90, 200, 244, 248
Taboos, 76–77, 90, 92, 120, 121, 122, 124, 126
Taiwan, 174, 175, 176
Tanaka, T., 262
Tangerines, 261, 262, 266, 269
Taoism, 170
Taro, 157, 178, 187
Taste, 109, 259–60, 301, 319; acquired, 234–35, 256; of children, 43, 118, 150, 179, 235; tastings, 238–39
Taxes, 72–75, 105–6, 107, 108
Taylor, Jeremy, 198
Tea, 75, 95, 187, 260, 273, 284, 297, 300
Teosinte, 29
Thailand, 119, 120, 160, 161, 167, 173, 176, 182
Themistocles, 126
Theodorakis, R.J., 255–56
Thinness, 99, 109–10, 112, 117, 153, 193, 200, 222, 256, 280, 320–22
Third World, 52–53, 54–55, 104–105, 111, 140, 145, 148
Thracians, 90
Tibet, 72, 92, 94–95, 96, 120, 121
Tissain, Gérard, 299–300
Tobacco, 30, 44, 73, 180, 235
Tofu, 320
Tofutti, 320
Tomato ketchup, 23, 67, 152
Tongue, human, 65, 203, 259–60, 302, 321
Tonic water, 275
Tortoni, 299
Town versus country, 103, 112–13, 162, 163, 234, 286, 311, 316
Trans-fatty acids, 111
Trollope, Frances, 292
Tsampa, 95
Tudor, Frederick, 290–91
Tunisia, 233, 235, 263. See also Phoenicians.
Turkey, 37, 40, 178, 233, 235, 274, 288, 297, 300
Turkeys, 17, 37, 116, 132, 138, 147, 149
Twain, Mark, 17–18, 113, 293
Uganda, 120
Uniformity, 22, 43, 47, 48, 54, 55, 90, 97, 104, 117–18, 175, 176, 181, 187, 206, 230, 295, 304, 309
Unilever, 104–105, 108
United States of America, 16–18, 22, 24–25, 28–31, 33, 38, 40, 41–44, 45, 46–51, 54–55, 58, 59, 62, 80, 99, 100, 103, 106, 107, 108, 116, 122, 126, 129, 134, 137, 142, 146, 147–49, 153, 171–73, 179–80, 182–83, 184, 185, 186–87, 192–93, 202, 205–15, 217, 218, 219, 222–23, 226, 233, 237, 241, 255–56, 263, 267–69, 275–77, 278, 284, 287, 290–92, 294, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306–307, 308, 310, 311–13, 315, 316–22
Vanilla, 299, 313, 314, 320
Variety, 22, 35, 46, 54, 87, 158, 176, 200, 261, 309
Vatel, 298
Vegetables, 12, 18, 23, 65–66, 151, 156, 163, 175, 193, 197–98, 200, 201, 204, 217, 218, 220, 221, 260, 279, 281, 282, 283, 309. See also by name.
Vegetable oil, 103, 104, 114, 201, 241, 320. See also oils by name.
Vegetables, 12, 18, 23, 65–66, 151, 156, 163, 175, 193, 197–98, 200, 201, 204, 217, 218, 220, 221, 260, 279, 281, 282, 283, 309. See also by name.
Vegetarians, 41–42, 74, 151–52, 204, 221
Velloni, 299
Venturi, G.B., 208
Vernon, Admiral, 282
Victoria, Queen, 287
Vietnam, 38, 160–61, 171, 178
Vikings, 93
Vinegar, 20, 23, 200, 204, 238, 273, 274, 280, 282
Virginity, 238, 248
Vitamins, 32–33, 91, 93, 98, 108, 184–85, 193, 222, 281–84, 307
Vogt, Clarence W., 308
Volanti, Agostino, 146
Wall, Thomas, 305
Walnuts, 195; walnut oil, 91, 238
Washington, George, 290, 301
Water, 28, 34, 38, 50–51, 58, 60, 80–81, 98, 157, 158–62, 182–83, 200–201, 206, 214, 227, 228, 235, 254, 266, 274, 275, 292, 296, 301, 302–303, 304, 320. See also Irrigation, Seawater.
Watercress, 196, 199
Weddings, 14, 40, 94, 101, 169–70, 187–88
Weeding, 31, 38, 162, 166, 180, 193, 207, 211
Wheat, 24, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 45, 128, 157, 160, 174, 178, 185, 186, 199, 225
Whiskey, 312
White, 43, 76, 84, 107, 137, 139, 150, 152, 153, 167, 172, 173, 184, 188, 311, 313, 318
Williams, Robert R., 185
Wine, 14, 20, 90, 128, 152, 179, 187, 213, 220, 222, 235, 239, 242, 244, 250, 274, 282, 288, 307
Wisdom, 66, 77, 82, 225, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252, 254
Witchcraft, 77, 100–101
Wok, 163
Xenophon, 288
Xerophthalmia, 98
Yaks, 95–96
Yams, 178, 181
Yeast, 23, 76, 188
Yellow, 23, 40, 43–44, 84, 89, 107, 108–109, 116, 153, 248, 260, 265–66, 267, 269, 270, 272
Yoghurt, 91, 95
Yugoslavia, 57, 235
Zambia, 27
Zen Buddhism, 187
Zoroastrians, 122, 125