29. Inquisition at Baden: 1860

0.     Jerrold, op. cit., vol. IV, pp. 268–270.

0.     Jerrold, Ibid., vol. IV, p. 222.

0.     Jerrold, vol. IV, p. 237, n. 1. John, Lord Campbell, May 10, 1860. But in France even Louis Napoléon’s arch-opponent, Adolphe Thiers, hailed the acquisition of Savoy—“The worst humiliation of 1815 has been wiped out.” Jerrold, vol. IV, p. 237; Ibid., vol. IV, p. 255, and Anceau, op. cit., pp. 387–388 regarding the Anglo-French military expedition to Peking in 1860 led by Gen. Sir Hope Grant and Gen. Charles Cousin Montauban, the future Count Palikao. Technically the French and English were attacking because of the Chinese failure to respect the previous June 1858 Treaty of T’ien Tsin, opening ports to their commerce.

0.     See Schom, Napoléon Bonaparte, op. cit., pp. 678 ff. Napoléon’s staggering defeat at Leipzig in October 1813 effectively shattered his Confederation of the Rhine, France losing 400,000 allied troops in the process.

0.     For the text of this secret memorandum dispatched to Albert in England, see Jerrold, op. cit., vol. IV, pp. 268–270, and 220 and 250 for the Prussian army reforms of Jan. 12, 1860.

0.     Jerrold, Ibid., vol. IV, p. 270. My italics.

0.     Lord John Russell’s statement, Feb. 21, 1861, e.g., see Anceau, op. cit., p. 390; and Fisher and Ochsenwald, The Middle East, op. cit., p. 297.

0.     Jerrold, op. cit., vol. IV, pp. 287–288; Anceau, op. cit., pp. 395–397. Hippolyte Carnot to Mr. Darimon: this decree “est l’arrêt de l’Empire.”

0.     Prosper, Comte de Chasseloup-Laubat, the former minister for Algeria and the Colonies, now served as governor of Algeria, March 1859–Nov. 1860, when he was succeeded by Marshal Aimable Pélissier. See also, Claude Martin, Histoire de l’Algérie, op. cit., p. 168. The indigenous peoples of North Africa are Hamites, not Arabs. See René Pillorget’s article, published electronically, “Les Deux Voyages de Napoléon III en Algérie (1860 et 1865),” pp. 2 and 3. See also the full coverage, with illustrations, in Le Monde Illustré, vol. VII, Juillet-Décembre 1860.

0.   Desmond Seward, Eugénie, op. cit., pp. 105–106. Eugénie traveled via Edinburgh to Glasgow and to the estate of the Duchess of Hamilton—daughter of Stéphanie de Beauharnais (the late Grand Duchess of Baden). Eugénie continued to act erratically during this period of mourning for a sister and companion she could never replace. She never danced again in public. Eugénie had also been close to Stéphanie, whom she had known since childhood.