33. Bismarck: War Watch

0.     Jonathan Steinberg, Bismarck, A Life (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 180–181; Lothar Gall, Bismarck, The White Revolutionary (London: Unwin Hyman, 1986), vol. I, p. 206, Bismarck, autumn 1862.

0.     Steinberg, op. cit., p. 174. Disraeli to Graf Vitzthum von Eckstädt, July 1862. See also “Disraeli” in the New Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

0.     Steinberg, Ibid., p. 29. I refer to Steinberg’s biography throughout this chapter, as well as Bismarck’s memoirs: Bismarck, the Man & the Statesman: Being the Reflections and Reminiscences of Otto Prince von Bismarck (London: Harper and Bros. 1899), 2 vols. See also Bismarck’s Bismarck’s Briefe, 1836–1873 (Leipzig: Verlag Hagen und Klasing, 1900).

0.     Steinberg, Ibid., pp. 28–29.

0.     Steinberg, Ibid., pp. 29, 33.

0.     Steinberg, Ibid., p. 38.

0.     Steinberg, Ibid., pp. 43–44.

0.     Albrecht von Stosch, Denkwürdigkeiten des Generals und Admirals Albrecht von Stosch, Briefe und Tagebücher (Stuttgart; Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1904), p. 94. This is a very useful source.

0.     Steinberg, Ibid., p. 174: NODNB, “Disraeli.”

0.   Bleichröder to James de Rothschild, Sept. 24, 1862, Fritz Stern, Gold and Iron: Bismarck, Bleichröder and the Building of the German Empire (London: Allen and Unwin, 1977), p. 28; and Hermann von Petersdorff, Kleist Retzow: Ein Lebensbild (Stuttgart: Nachfolger, 1907), p. 338; and Steinberg, op. cit., p. 170, Ludwig von Gerlach to Kleist Retzow, Sept. 20 1862.

0.   Sept. 30, 1862, Blood and Iron speech. Otto Planze’s excellent Bismarck and the Development of Germany (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990), pp. 183–185.

0.   Steinberg, op. cit., p. 181; Gall, op. cit., p. 206.

0.   Steinberg, pp. 179, 181, 183, 257. “C’est un homme!” von Schlozer, Oct. 31, 1862. Steinberg here includes Bavaria’s later membership in the Reich; see Planze, op. cit., vol. I, p. 179.

0.   Steinberg, op. cit., p. 128; Karina Urbach, Bismarck’s Favorite Englishman: Lord Odo Russell’s Mission to Berlin (London: Tauris, 1999), p. 61.

0.   Roon, Waldemar von, Denkwürdigkeiten aus dem Leben des Generalfeldmarshalls Kriegministers Grafen von Roon (Breslau: E. Trewendt, 1892), 2 vols—a basic source for Bismarck.

0.   Planze, vol. II, p. 35; Storsch to von Prodlitz, July 17, 1866, Stosch, op. cit., p. 102; Steinberg, op. cit., p. 189.

0.   Steinberg, op. cit., pp. 345–346, 279; Bismarck to Roon, Aug. 19, 1869, Bismarcks Briefe, op. cit., nos. 401, 449.

0.   Steinberg, op. cit., p. 301; and Stosch to wife, Dec. 22, 1870, Stosch, op. cit., p. 17.

0.   Milza, op. cit., p. 649.

0.   “I shall strike at”—cf. endnote 9, Steinberg, op. cit., p. 174; Disraeli’s “despot,” Steinberg, p. 372, and Odo Russell, “demonic,” p. 335; Dierk Walter, Preussische Heeresreformen, 1807–1870. Militärische Innovation (Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2003), p. 64.

0.   By the autumn of 1867, Hannover, Württemberg, Baden, and Bavaria had formed an alliance with Prussia—Steinberg, Ibid., p. 165; and between 1867 and 1870 they adopted a unified currency, unified metric system, and free trade agreements based on Napoléon’s previous organization, but now adding freedom of movement as well, Steinberg, Ibid., p. 271. Bavaria’s King Ludwig II would be the last to hold out against accepting a German Empire, July–Dec. 1870, and then only after accepting a bribe of 300,000 marks per annum for the next sixteen years—Steinberg, Ibid. p. 304.