35. Count Bismarck’s War: 1870

0.     Steinberg, op. cit., p. 289; Robert Sigmund Lucius von Billhausen, Bismarck—Erinnerungen des Staatsminsters Freinherrn Lucius von Ballhausen (Stuttgart: Cotta, 1921), p. 98. Diary entry, Jan. 17, 1877. Reference to For. Min. Gramont and Ems, July 15, 1870.

0.     Journal Officiel, 2 Juillet 1870, pp. 1147 ff.

0.     Milza, op. cit., p. 689. New constitutional reforms, plebiscite of May 8, 1870, Anceau, op. cit., p. 499; Journal Officiel, 2 Juillet 1870, pp. 1139 ff.

0.     Milza, op. cit., pp. 680–683; Anceau, op. cit., p. 483.

0.     Milza, op. cit., pp. 681–684; Anceau, op. cit., pp. 483–485. Like many other Bonapartes, the murderer Prince Pierre remained on Louis Napoléon’s Civil List, continuing to receive 100,000 francs a year, courtesy of the French taxpayer.

0.     Milza, op. cit., p. 485.

0.     Milza, Ibid., p. 490. There were also 1.9 million abstentions.

0.     Jules Hansen, Les Coulisses de la Diplomacie (Paris: Plon, 1880), p. 208.

0.     Anceau, op. cit., p. 501.

0.   Anceau, Ibid., p. 501.

0.   Anceau, Ibid., p. 464; Gramont and Wilhelm I quote in Steinberg, op. cit., p. 285, 8 July 1870.

0.   Jerrold, op. cit., vol. IV, p. 471; Anceau, op. cit., p. 467.

0.   Steinberg refers to this meeting, op. cit., p. 287, and the original quote from the Kriegstagebuch Herbert Bismarck, quoted by Fritz Stern, op. cit., p. 130.

0.   Milza, op. cit., p. 697.

0.   Jerrold, op. cit., vol. IV, p. 469; Anceau, op. cit., pp. 502–504.

0.   Steinberg, op. cit., p. 288; Johannes Willms, Bismarck, Dämon der Deutschen (München: Kinder Verlag, 1997), p. 228.