ما روي مِن معائب أبي تمّام
Criticisms of Abū Tammām

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حدّثني هارون بن عبد الله المهلّبيّ قال

سئل دعبل عن أبي تمّام قال ثلث شعره سرقة وثلثه غثّ وثلثه صالح.

I cite Hārūn ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Muhallabī, who said:

When asked about Abū Tammām, Diʿbil replied, “A third of his poetry is stolen, another third is bad, and only one third is good.”

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وقال محمّد بن داود حدّثني ابن أبي خَيْثَمَة قال

سمعت دعبلًا يقول لم يكن أبو تمّام شاعرًا إنّما كان خطيبًا وشعره بالكلام أشبه منه بالشعر.

قال وكان يميل عليه ولم يدخله في كتابه كتاب الشعراء.

I cite Muḥammad ibn Dāwūd, who cites Ibn Abī Khaythamah as saying:

“Abū Tammām was no poet,” I heard Diʿbil say, “he was an orator. His poetry is closer to prose415 than verse.”

Diʿbil was prejudiced against Abū Tammām and did not include him in his Book of Poets.

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وحكي أنّ ابن الأعرابيّ قال وقد أُنشد شعرًا لأبي تمّام

إن كان هذا شعرًا فما قالته العرب باطل.

When a poem by Abū Tammām was recited to Ibn al-Aʿrābī, he is said to have remarked:

“If this is poetry, then what the Arabs have composed is worthless.”

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حدّثني محمّد بن الحسن اليَشْكُريّ قال

أُنشد أبو حاتم السِّجِستانيّ شعرًا لأبي تمّام فاستحسن بعضه واستقبح بعضًا وجعل الذي يقرؤه يسأله عن معانيه فلا يعرفها أبو حاتم فقال ما أشبّه شعر هذا الرجل إلّا بثياب مُصقَلات خلقان لها روعة وليس لها مُفتَّش.

I cite Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Yashkurī as follows:

A poem by Abū Tammām was recited to Abū Ḥātim al-Sijistānī, who found some of it beautiful and some of it ugly. The reciter then began to ask about its motifs, but Abū Ḥātim was not familiar with them.

“The only thing I can compare this poetry to is thin flimsy garments,” he remarked. “They are beautiful but have no substance.”

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حدّثني القاسم بن إسماعيل قال

كنّا عند التوّجيّ فجاء ابنٌ لأبي رُهْم السَّدوسيّ فأنشده قصيدة لأبي تمّام يمدح بها خالد بن يزيد أوّلها [الكامل]

طَلَلَ ٱلْجَمِيعِ لَقَدْ عَفَوْتَ حَمِيدَا

وَكَفَى عَلَى رُزْئِي بِذَاكَ شَهِيدَا

قال فجعل يضطرب فيها وكنت عالمًا بشعره فجعلت أقوّمه. فلمّا فرغ قال يا أبا محمّد كيف ترى هذا الشعر؟

فقال فيه ما أستحسنه وفيه ما لا أعرفه ولم أسمع بمثله فإمّا أن يكون هذا الرجل أشعر الناس جميعًا وإمّا أن يكون الناس جميعًا أشعر منه.

I cite al-Qāsim ibn Ismāʿīl, who said:

We were at al-Tawwajī’s place, and one of Abū Ruhm al-Sadūsī’s sons came and recited an ode by Abū Tammām in praise of Khālid ibn Yazīd. It begins:

Decayed remnants of the assembled tribe, you are effaced,

though once praised! This is witness enough to my loss.416

Then the reciter got confused, but I knew Abū Tammām’s poetry and proceeded to correct him.

When he had finished, the reciter asked, “Abū Muḥammad,417 what do you think about this poetry?”

“Some of it I find beautiful, and some of it I don’t recognize and have heard nothing like it. Either this man is the best poet of all, or all others are better poets than him.”

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وحكي عن ابن مهرويه عن أبي هِفَّان قال

قلت لأبي تمّام تعمد إلى درّة فتلقيها في بحر خُرء١ فمن يخرجها غيرك؟

١ ا: حر.

The following remark is related from Ibn Mihrawayh, who cites Abū Hiffān as his authority:

I said to Abū Tammām, “You find a pearl and then throw it into an ocean of shit from which none but you could retrieve it.”

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حدّثني أبو صالح الكاتب قال سمعت أبا العَنْبَس يقول وكان جارًا لي

راسل أبو تمّام أمّ البحتريّ في التزويج بها فأجابته وقالت له اجمع الناسَ للإملاك.

فقال الله أجلّ من أن يُذكر بيننا ولكن نتماسح ونتسافح فكان معها بلا نكاح.

I cite the scribe Abū Ṣāliḥ ibn Yazdād, who heard his neighbor Abū l-ʿAnbas al-Ṣaymarī say:

Abū Tammām wrote a letter to al-Buḥturī’s mother asking her to marry him. She agreed, saying, “Assemble the people for the marriage contract.”

“God is too great to be invoked for us,” Abū Tammām replied, “Let’s shack up.” So they lived together out of wedlock.

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وهذا إنّما كذبه أبو العنبس واحتذى به حديثًا حدّثه به الكُدَيْميّ عن الأصمعيّ قال

جاء أسود وسوداء إلى أبي مَهْدِيَّة فقالا له قد أردنا التزويج فاخطب لنا فقال إنّ الله أجلّ من أن يُذكر بينكما فاذهبا فاصطحكّا لعنكما الله.

But Abū l-ʿAnbas made this up, modeling it on a story al-Kudaymī told him, citing al-Aṣmaʿī as his authority:

A black man and a black woman came to Abū Mahdiyyah. “We want to marry,” they said. “Pronounce the marriage contract between us.”

“God is too great to be invoked for you two,” he replied. “Go ahead and fuck,418 God curse you!”

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وقال قوم هو حبيب بن تَدوس النصرانيّ فغُيّر فصُيّر أوْسًا.

According to some, his name was Ḥabīb ibn Tadūs the Christian, then it was changed into Aws.419

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حدّثنا جماعة عن ابن الدقّاق قال

قرأنا على أبي تمّام أرجوزة أبي نواس التي مدح بها الفضل بن ربيع

وَبَلْدَةٍ فِيهَا زَوَرْ

فاستحسنها وقال سأروض نفسي في عمل نحوها فجعل يخرج إلى الجنينة ويشتغل بما يعمله ويجلس على ماء جارٍ ثمّ ينصرف بالعشيّ فعمل ذلك ثلاثة أيّام ثمّ خرّق ما عمل وقال لم أرض ما جاءني.

I cite a group of people, who cite Ibn al-Daqqāq as their authority:

We recited to Abū Tammām Abū Nuwās’s rajaz poem in praise of al-Faḍl ibn al-Rabīʿ that opens:

A country that bends. . .420

and he found it beautiful. “I will practice composing in this style,” he said. He would go into a small garden and would sit busily composing on the banks of a stream. Then he would leave in the afternoon. He did this for three days, only to tear up what he had composed. “I am not satisfied with what I came up with,” he admitted.

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حدّثني أحمد بن سعيد قال حدّثنا محمّد بن عمرو قال

قال ابن الخَثْعَميّ الشاعر جُنّ أبو تمّام في قوله [الطويل]

تَرُوحُ عَلَيْنا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ وَتَغْتَدِي

خُطُوبٌ يَكَادُ ٱلدَّهْرُ مِنْهُنَّ يُصْرَعُ

أَيُصْرَعُ الدهرُ؟

قال فقلت له هذا بشّار يقول [الطويل]

وَمَا كُنْتُ إِلَّا كَٱلزَّمَانِ إِذَا صَحَا

صَحَوْتُ وَإِنْ مَاقَ ٱلزَّمَانُ أَمُوقُ

قال فسكتَ قال فقلت له وأبوك يقول [الطويل]

وَلَيَّنَ لِي دَهْرِي بِأَتْبَاعِ جُودِهِ

فَكِدْتُ لِلِينِ ٱلدَّهْرِ أَنْ أَعْقِدَ ٱلدَّهْرَا

الدهر يُعقد؟ قال فسكت.

I cite Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd, who cites Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr:

The poet Ibn al-Khathʿamī claimed, “Abū Tammām was mad to compose the following verse:

Day by day, from morning to night,

events come to pass that nearly strike Fate down.421

“Can Fate ever be struck down?” he nitpicked.

“The great Bashshār,” I challenged him, “said:

I am just like Fate: when it is sober I am sober,

and when it is foolish, I am foolish too.”422

Ibn al-Khathʿamī was silent.

“And your own father,” I went on, “said:

He so softened Fate for me with frequent tokens of his generosity,

that it became so pliable I could almost tie knots with it.

“Can Fate be tied into knots?” Ibn al-Khathʿamī was silent.

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وقال محمّد بن عبد الملك بن صالح يهجو أبا تمّام [المنسرح]

قَدْ جَاءَنِي وَٱلْمَقَالُ مُخْتَلِفٌ

شِعْرُ أَبِي نَاقِصٍ عَلَى بُعُدِهْ

فَكَانَ كَٱلسَّهْمِ صَافَ عَنْ سَدَدِ ٱلْـ

‍قَوْلِ وَعَنْ قَصْدِهِ وَعَنْ أَمَدِهْ

Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Ṣāliḥ composed a lampoon of Abū Tammām containing the following verses:

The poetry of Imperfection’s Father423 came to me from far away.

Talk gets around.424

It was like an arrow that swerved from

soundness, and intent from its goal.425