The Magus of Freemasonry

Notes

CHAPTER ONE: THE COMING ONE

1. Howard Clayton, Loyal and Ancient City—The Civil War in Lichfield (Lichfield, 1987), 4, quoting from Rev. Thomas Harwood, The History and Antiquities of the City of Lichfield (Gloucester: Cadell and Davies, 1806), 340.

2. C. H. Josten, Elias Ashmole (1617–1692) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966), v. 2, 310, n. 7.

3. Ibid., 1.

4. Ibid., 12.

5. Ibid.

6. C. G. Jung, The Spirit in Man, Art and Literature (London: Ark, 1984), 4.

7. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 12.

8. Ibid., 12–13.

9. Ibid., 2.

10. Ibid.

CHAPTER TWO: LICHFIELD—THE HIDDEN LIGHT OF ENGLAND

1. Howard Clayton, Loyal and Ancient City, 145–46.

2. Public Record Office, POB 11/83, Staffs. F.154.v.

3. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 14.

CHAPTER THREE: LONDON CALLING

1. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 15.

2. Ibid., 17.

3. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.7.

4. Ibid., 16.

5. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.10.

6. Sequestration Records, Stafford Record Office.

7. Raymond Richards, “Upper Peover,” in Old Cheshire Churches (London: B. T. Batsford, 1948), 268.

CHAPTER FOUR: WAR

1. Howard Clayton, Loyal and Ancient City (Lichfield, 1987), 4ff.

2. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 20.

3. MS. Wood, F.39, f.63.

4. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 21.

5. Ibid., 23.

6. Ibid., 1.

7. Elias Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum (London: J. Grismond for Nathaniel Brooke, 1652), 451.

8. Ibid., 26.

9. MS. Ashm. 1459, 469–71.

10. MS. Ashm. 1819, art. 15.

11. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 23; 56, n. 3.

12. From the Introductory poem “To S.A.” in T. E. Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom (London: Jonathan Cape, 1926).

13. Josten, Elias Ashmole, ii, 313; MS. Rawl. D864, f.199–199.v.

14. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.211.

15. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 31.

16. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.212.

17. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 32.

CHAPTER FIVE: DEFEAT AND REBIRTH

1. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.214.

2. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.215.v.

3. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.214.

4. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.214.

5. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.214.v.

6. MS. Ashm. 430, f.71.v.

7. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.214.v.

8. MS. Ashm. 1136, f. 214.v.

9. MS. Ashm. 430, f.70.

10. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.214.

11. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.19.v.

12. Biographia Britannica, vol. i, 224 and footnotes (London: W. Innys), 1747.

13. Robert Plot, LLD, The Natural History of Staffordshire (Oxford: The Theatre, 1686), ch. 8.

14. Jean Gimpel, The Cathedral Builders (Salisbury: Michael Russell, 1983), 68ff.

15. Sloane Ms. 3848, British Library.

16. Rev. Joe Speakman, Church of Saint Lawrence Over Peover—A History and Guide (St. Lawrence Church, 1989).

17. Douglas Knoop, Gwilym Peredur Jones, and Douglas Hamer, Early Masonic Catechisms (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1963).

18. Ibid.

19. John Sleigh, A History of the ancient Parish of Leek (London: R. Nall, 1862).

20. See Mainwaring (of Whitmore, Staffs.) Mss. Collection, “Deeds of Confraternity,” Stafford Record Office.

21. William Beamont, The Chapelry of Sankey (Warrington: Guardian Office, 1882).

22. Record Society of Lancs. and Cheshire, Lancashire funeral certificates, vol. vi, 207.

23. Raymond Richards, Old Cheshire Churches (London: B.T. Batsford, 1947), 874.

24. R. N. Dore, The Civil Wars in Cheshire (Chester: Cheshire Community Council, 1966), 72.

CHAPTER SIX: RETURN TO LONDON

1. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.215.v.

2. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 36.

3. Ibid.

4. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.191.

5. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.20.

6. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.19.v.

7. Ibid.

8. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.219.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid.

13. Ibid.

14. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.219.

15. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.20.

16. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 44.

17. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.191.v.

18. Ibid.

19. Ibid.

20. Ibid.

21. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.207.v.

22. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.192.

24. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.192.

25. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.193.

26. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.191.v.

27. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.199.

28. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.20.v.

29. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.199.

30. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.20.v.

31. Ibid.

32. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.188.

33. MS. Ashm. 374, f.37.v.

34. MS. Ashm. 374, f.37.v.

CHAPTER SEVEN: THE 1650s (I)

1. See C. G. Jung’s great book Psychology and Alchemy (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1968).

2. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 304.

3. MS. Ashm. 374, f.37.v.

4. Elias Ashmole, Prolegomena, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum (London: J. Grismond for Nathaniel Brooke, 1652), 10–11.

5. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 59.

6. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.22.

7. MS. Ashm. 374, f. 39.

8. A Most faithful relation of two wonderful passages which happened very lately … in the Parish of Bradfield in Berk-shire (London: James Cottrel, 1650).

9. Desirée Hirst, Hidden Riches (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1964), 105.

10. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.22.

11. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 525.

12. C. H. Josten, “Introduction and translation to Dee’s Monas Hieroglyphica (The Hieroglyphic Monad)” in Ambix, vol. 12, no. 2/3, 1964, 100–01.

13. MS. Ashm. 374, f.48.v.

14. Ibid.

15. Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, 445

16. MS. Ashm. 374, f.48.v.

17. Ibid.

18. Dedicatory poem, Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, Three Books of Occult Philosophy (London: G. Moule, 1651).

19. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.24.v.

20. Ashmole, Theatrum, 440–41.

21. MS. Ashm. 36–37, ff. 241.v.–2.

22. Samuel Hartlib, Ephemerides 1660, sect. 61, 3–4.

23. From John Evelyn's diaries, quoted in Swallowfield Park, A Brief History (Banbury: The Country Houses Association, 2003).

24. Hartlib, Ephemerides 1650, sect. 4, 6.

25. MS. Ashm. 1417, 41.

26. Ashmole MSS, 1459; ff. 280–82; ff. 284)

27. Ashmole MSS., 1478, ff. 125–29.

28. Frances Yates, Rosicrucian Enlightenment (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986), 195.

29. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.25.v.

30. Yates, The Rosicrucian Enlightenment, 196.

31. MS. Ashm. 1446, fol. 237v.

32. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.25.

33. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.27.

34. Ibid.

35. MS. Ashm. 36–37, f.241–42.v.

36. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.29.

37. MS. Frangais 12335.

38. Timothy and John Gadbury, Astronomicall Tables First invented by George Hartgill (London, 1656).

39. John Gadbury, Ephemeris, or, A Diary Astronomical, Astrological, Meteorological, For the Year of Our Lord, 1694 (London, 1694).

40. MS. Rawl. D864, f.209.

41. Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum.

42. John Heydon, The Idea of the Law (London, 1660).

CHAPTER EIGHT: THE 1650s (II)

1. Robert Plot, Natural History of Staffordshire (Oxford: The Theatre, 1686), Ch. 10, 83.

2. MS. Ashm. 826, f.125.

3. Ibid.

4. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.27.

5. MS. Ashm. 374, f.152.

6. Howard Clayton, Loyal and Ancient City, i.

7. MS. Ashm. 374, f.152.v.

8. MS. Ashm. 1137, ff.145–47.v.

9. Ibid.

10. Ibid.

11. See “Needwood Forest” in Victoria County History of Staffordshire, vol. 2 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967), 349–58.

12. MS. Ashm. 1137, ff.145–47.v.

13. MS. Ashm. 1137, f.146.

14. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.27.v.

15. MS. Ashm. 374, f.156.v.

16. John Webster, Academiarum Examen, or the Examination of Academies (London, 1654), 51.

17. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 662.

18. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.30.v.

19. Ibid.

20. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 667.

21. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 665, n. 3; 678, 685.

22. William Dugdale, Antiquities of Warwickshire (1656), 184.

23. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 730; MS. Wood. f.39, f.93.

24. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.34.

25. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.34.v.

26. Lisa Jardine, On a Grander Scale (London: HarperCollins), 207.

27. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 771.

28. Ibid.

29. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.35.

CHAPTER NINE: THE WINDSOR HERALD

1. MS. Ashm. 36–37, ff.17–20. Ashmole’s poem Sol in Ascendente … was printed “for N.Brook, at the Angel in Cornhill, 1660.”

2. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.35.

3. MS. Ashm. 826, f.78.

4. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 822.

5. Ibid., 823.

6. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.36.

7. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 142.

8. MS. Ashm. 826, f.80.v.

9. Royal Society Council Minutes Copy, vol. i, 1663–82.

10. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 925; MS. Ashm. 836, 723.

11. MS. Ballard 14, f.115; MS. Ashm. 1136, f.52.

12. Autobiography of Henry Newcome, MA, ed. R. Parkinson, vol. i. (Chatham Society, vol. xxvi, 1852), 145.

13. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.39.

14. MS. Ashm. 854, 300–304.

15. MS. Ashm. 854, 338–39.

16. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 1122.

17. Ibid., n. 4.

18. MS. Ashm. 421, ff.53.v.-79.

19. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.44.

20. Anthony Wood, Historia et Antiquitates Universitatis Oxoniensis (Oxford: Theatro Sheldoniano, 1674), vol. ii, 224.

21. MS. Ballard 14, f.111.v.

22. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.47.v.

23. Yates, The Rosicrucian Enlightenment, 198.

24. MS. Ashm. 1131, ff. 297–98.v.

25. MS. Ashm. 1136, f. 50.v.

26. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.52.

27. MS. Ashm. 243, ff.331–32.v.

28. MS. Ashm. 436, f.17.

29. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 1296.

30. MS. Ashm. 436, f.14–14.v.

31. Ibid.

32. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 1364; MS. Ashm. 436, ff.24.v., 24.

33. MS. Ashm. 1788, ff.161.v.–162.

34. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.52.

35. BM Add. MS. 28077, 179.

36. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.88.

CHAPTER TEN: LICHFIELD-THE RECONSTRUCTION

1. MS. Rawl. D.864, ff.145–46.v.

2. MS. Rawl. D. 864.f.7–7.v.

3. MS. Ashm. 1521, VI, 161.

4. Ibid.

5. Sampson Erdeswick, Survey of Staffordshire of 1598 (London: J. B. Nichols, 1844).

6. MS. Ashm. 1521, III, f.123.

7. MS. Ashm. 1521, III, 115–16.

8. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.41.

9. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 1113.

10. Percy Laithwaite, The History of the Lichfield Conduit Lands Trust (Lichfield: Lomax’s Successors, 1947), 22.

11. T. Harwood, The History and Antiquities of the Church and City of Lichfield (Gloucester: Cadell and Davies, 1806), 391.

12. Harwood, The History and Antiquities of the City of Lichfield, 347, in Clayton, Loyal and Ancient City, 145–46.

13. Clayton, Loyal and Ancient City, 147.

14. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.57.v.

15. Ibid.

16. MS. Ashm. 1731, ff.76–77.

17. MS. Rawl. D. 864, ff.97–98.v.

18. MS. Rawl. D. 864, ff.169–170.v.

19. Lichfield Record Office, D.30/6/1/3, William Gorton’s Bills for drawing stone/masons’ work 1677–1678.

20. Lichfield Record Office, D.30/6/1/1, Altarpiece, contract, letters, bills, receipts 1677–1680.

21. Ibid.

22. Ibid.

23. Ibid.

24. Ibid.

25. Lichfield Record Office, D.30/0/1/8/1–3, Article of Agreement with Henry Vernon, freemason.

26. Lichfield Record Office, D.30/5/37, Petition of the Dean and Chapter to the Court of Exchequer and to the non-payment by John Manwaring, Alex, Featherstone, and several other prebendaries of fees due to the Fabric Fund. 1671.

27. Ibid.

28. Dugdale, Antiquities of Warwickshire, vol. ii, 1730 edition, 916.

29. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.69.v.

30. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 1700.

31. Ibid.

32. Ibid., 1701.

33. Matthew Scanlan, “The Mystery of the Acception, 1630–1723: A Fatal Flaw,” paper in S. Brent Morris, ed., Heredom, The Transactions of the Scottish Rite Research Society, (Washington, D.C., Vol 11, 2003). Also published as a paper in Freemasonry on both sides of the Atlantic: Essays concerning the Craft in the British Isles, Europe, the United States and Mexico, R.William Weisberger ed. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002).

34. John Evelyn, MS. 173, f.9, British Library.

35. Viz: Post Boy, No. 5245.

36. Freemasonry Today, issue 18, 22.

CHAPTER ELEVEN: THE MUSEUM

1. J. A. Bennett, S. A. Johnston, A. V. Simcock, Solomon’s House in Oxford: New Finds from the First Museum (Oxford: Museum of the History of Science, 2000), 12.

2. “New Atlantis” in Arthur Johnson, ed., Francis Bacon (London: BT Batsford, 1965), 171–72.

3. For example, Bennett, Johnston, and Simcock, Solomon’s House in Oxford.

4. Ibid., 13.

5. Bod. Lib. 4 Rawl. 156 ad finem.

6. MS. Rawl. D. 912, f.668–668.v.

7. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.39.v.

8. MS. Ashm. 1131, f.330–330.v.

9. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.51.

10. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 1447.

11. MS. Rawl. D. 912, f.668–668.v.

12. Bennett, Johnson, and Simcock, Solomon’s House in Oxford, 15.

13. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.59.

14. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.101.

15. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.72.

16. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.75.

17. March 24, 1683; The Flemings in Oxford (Oxford, 1913), 90.

18. MS. Wood F.31, f.176.

19. MS. Wood Diaries, 27, f.26.

20. MS. Wood Diaries, 34, f.35.

21. MS. Wood Diaries, 34, 35.v.

CHAPTER TWELVE: COMING HOME

1. Elias Ashmole: Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, 443

2. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.37.

3. MS. Ashm. 1459, ff. 280–82; ff.284–31.

4. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.75.

5. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 258.

6. MS. Ashm. 1790, art. 3, f.39.

7. MS. Ashm. 421, f.233.

8. Ibid.

9. MS. Ashm. 1406, I, ff.F1v-55v. and elsewhere in the Bodleian’s Ashmole manuscript collection.

10. MS. Ashm. 1790, f.131.

11. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.47.v.

12. MS. Sloane 3188, British Museum.

13. MS. Sloane 3191.

14. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 1265; MS. Sloane 3188, f.2–2.v.

15. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.48.

16. MS. Sloane 3677, f.5.

17. MS. Wood F.39, f.59.

18. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.48.v.

19. Ibid.

20. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 1299–1300.

21. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.49.

22. MS. Ashm. 1788, f.149–149.v.

23. Josten, Elias Ashmole, 1299–1300.

24. MS. Ashm. 1788, f.149–149.v.

25. MS. Ashm. 1788, ff.161.v.-162.

26. MS. Ashm. 1788, ff.161.v.-162.

27. MS. Ashm. 1788, 151–52.

28. “The Twelfth Adept” in Ralph White, ed., The Rosicrucian Enlightenment Revisited (Great Barrington, MA: Lindisfarne Books, 1993).

29. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.66.v.

30. MS. Ashm. 421, f.115.

31. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.64.

32. Robert Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy (Partition II, Sect. V, Member 1, Subsection v, ad fine). Oxford, 1621.

33. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.71.v.

34. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.65.

35. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.61.

36. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.74.v.

37. MS. Ashm. 1136, f.88.v.

38. Ibid.

39. MS. Wood’s Diaries, 34, f.35.

40. MS. Ashm. 1816, f.89–89.v.

41. MS. Ashm. 1814, f.106–106.v. Elias Ashmole’s third wife, Elizabeth, died childless at Lambeth, Surrey, in April 1701. She was buried in St. Mary’s, Lambeth, on April 10 of the same year.