1 For the formulations (attributed to Zeno) and see Arius Didymus 2.7.6e (2.77.16-78.6 WH = SVF 1.184, 3.16). Aristotle famously characterized as an activity (see e.g. Eth. Nic. 1176a30-1176b9), with which the Stoics would agree. For further discussion see Long, ‘Stoic Eudaimonism’, p. 82.

² This close connection may be emphasized by noting two points. The first that the disposition of one’s soul () – one’s character () – is the source of one’s habitual way of behaving () and thus one’s actions (). The second is that should be understood not in the limited sense of ‘mind’ but rather as ‘that by virtue of which we are alive’ (see Urmson, The Greek Philosophical Vocabulary, pp. 144-45).

³ See Chapter 2 §§ 1-3 above.