Moral Leaders Time Line

1759 (Aug. 24): William Wilberforce born.

1807: British Parliament votes to abolish slave trade.

1809 (Feb. 12): Abraham Lincoln born.

1820 (May 12): Florence Nightingale born.

1822?: Harriet Tubman born.

1833 (July 26): British Parliament emancipates all slaves.

1833 (July 29): William Wilberforce dies.

1849 (fall): Tubman escapes slavery.

1850–59: Tubman shepherds slaves to freedom.

1854–56: Nightingale serves as nurse in Crimean War.

1860: Lincoln elected president of the United States.

1861: US Civil War begins; Nightingale advises army hospital.

1862 (July 16): Ida B. Wells born.

1862: Tubman begins Civil War service as nurse and spy.

1863: Emancipation Proclamation.

1864: Lincoln reelected president.

1865 (Apr. 14): Abraham Lincoln shot; dies April 15.

1865 (Dec. 18): Thirteenth Amendment, barring slavery, takes effect.

1869 (Oct. 2): Mohandas Gandhi born.

1884: Wells begins writing for newspapers.

1892: Wells begins campaign against lynching.

1893: Gandhi begins campaigning in South Africa.

1906 (Feb. 4): Dietrich Bonhoeffer born.

1910: Wells-Barnett helps found NAACP.

1910 (Aug. 13): Florence Nightingale dies.

1910 (Aug. 26): Mother Teresa born.

1913 (Mar. 10): Harriet Tubman dies.

1914–18: World War I.

1915: Gandhi returns to India from South Africa.

1917 (Aug. 15): Oscar Romero born.

1918 (July 18): Nelson Mandela born.

1920 (May 18): Karol Wojtyla (Pope John Paul II) born.

1928 (Sept. 30): Elie Wiesel born.

1929: Mother Teresa arrives in India.

1929 (Jan. 15): Martin Luther King Jr. born.

1930 (Mar. 12): Gandhi leads Salt March.

1931 (Mar. 25): Ida B. Wells-Barnett dies.

1933: Hitler consolidates control of Germany.

1938 (Nov. 9–10): Kristallnacht pogrom amid rising anti-Jewish sentiment in Germany.

1939: Bonhoeffer returns to Germany and joins conspiracy.

1939–45: World War II.

1940: Nazis construct concentration camp at Auschwitz.

1941: Germany begins implementation of “Final Solution.”

1943: Bonhoeffer arrested.

1944 (May): Wiesel family deported to Auschwitz; several killed.

1945 (Feb.): Wiesel and Bonhoeffer at Buchenwald concentration camp.

1945 (Apr. 9): Dietrich Bonhoeffer hanged.

1945 (Apr. 30): Hitler commits suicide.

1946: Mass killings in conflicts between Indian Muslims and Hindus.

1946 (Sept. 10): Mother Teresa called to serve poorest of the poor.

1946 (Nov. 1): Wojtyla ordained.

1947 (Aug. 15): Indian independence and birth of Pakistan.

1948 (Jan. 30): Mohandas Gandhi assassinated.

1948: Apartheid regime begins in South Africa.

1955: Montgomery bus boycott begins.

1958: Wiesel publishes Night.

1962–65: Second Vatican Council.

1963 (Aug. 28): King delivers “I Have a Dream” speech.

1964: Wojtyla named archbishop of Cracow.

1964 (June 12): Mandela begins 27 years behind bars.

1964 (Dec. 10): King awarded Nobel Peace Prize.

1968 (Apr. 4): Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated.

1977: Romero becomes archbishop of San Salvador.

1978: Wojtyla becomes Pope John Paul II.

1979: Mother Teresa awarded Nobel Peace Prize.

1980 (Mar. 24): Oscar Romero assassinated.

1986: Wiesel wins Nobel Peace Prize.

1989–91: Communist regimes collapse across Europe.

1990 (Feb. 11): Mandela released from jail.

1993: Mandela wins Nobel Peace Prize.

1994: Mandela becomes president of South Africa.

1997 (July 12): Malala Yousafzai born.

1997 (Sept. 5): Mother Teresa dies.

2005 (Apr. 2): Pope John Paul II dies.

2012 (Oct. 9): Yousafzai shot in the head by the Taliban.

2013 (Dec. 5): Nelson Mandela dies.

2014 (Oct. 10): Yousafzai awarded Nobel Peace Prize.

2016 (July 2): Elie Wiesel dies.