Index

Please note that index links point to page beginnings from the print edition. Locations are approximate in e-readers, and you may need to page down one or more times after clicking or tapping a link to get to the indexed material.

Advertising:

comparative, 32–34, 66

image era of, 24

and the marketplace of today, 22–23

positioning era of, 24–27

product era of, 23–24

Advertising explosion, 17–18

Age and positioning strategy, 58

Airlines, 79–80, 93, 137–138

Anonymity, 99–100

Automobile rental, 3, 33–35, 198, 205

Automobiles, 14, 31, 45, 47, 54–56, 58–59, 120–123, 128–129, 201–202

Banks, 159–171

Batteries, 103–104, 108

Beer, 25–27, 30, 55, 57, 58, 72, 195

Belgium, 137–142

“Broadening the base,” 112–113

“Can do” spirit, 37–40

Candy, 149–152, 205–206

Cars (see Automobile rental; Automobiles)

Catholic Church, 177–182

Change, effect of, on positioning, 203–204

Chewing gum, 107–108

China (dinnerware), 63

Cigarettes, 57, 109–110

Coffee, 3, 111

Cold remedies, 58, 194–195

Communication, 6

excessive volume of, 11–13

media explosion, 15–16

oversimplified message, 7–9

Comparative advertising, 3, 32–34, 66, 68

Computers, 24, 38–42, 46, 98, 131–134

Conglomerates, 95–96

Copiers, 44, 47–49, 99, 131–134

Corporate names (see Names, corporate)

Creneaus, 54–61

Detergents, 49–50, 97

Distribution as positioning strategy, 58

Diversification, 130–131

Ethics, 67–69

Everybody trap, 60

Free–ride trap, 95–100

F.W.M.T.S. trap, 34–35

Generic names, 102–103

Given names, 77–78

Hand lotion, 111–112

House names, 124–125

Human mind (see Mind)

Inside–out thinking, 101–102, 199

Jamaica, 143–147

Jewelry, 56

Leaders, market (see Market leaders)

Line extension:

advantages of, 115–116

bartender test for, 119–120

disadvantages of, 116–118

examples of, 103–112

and inside–out thinking, 101–102, 199

list test for, 118–119

and outside–in thinking, 102–103, 199

and personal names, 186

reverse, 112–113

rules for, 124–125

Line–extension trap, 101–113, 186

Long Island Trust Company, 159–165

Mailgram, 153–158

Margarine, 110–111

Market leaders:

actions to be avoided, 46

effect of name change on, 50–51

establishing position, 43

failures of, 44

maintaining position, 45–46

and multibrand strategy, 49–50

and power of the product, 48–49

protecting against the unexpected, 47–48

reinforcing position, 47

and temporary equality, 45

Media explosion, 15–16

Milk Duds, 149–152

Mind:

capacity of, 30–31

easy way into, 19–21

hard way into, 21–22

mapping of the prospect’s, 160–163

oversimplified, 6–7

response of, to expectations, 29–30

Mouthwash, 65–66

Names:

corporate, 78–80, 128–129

and acronyms, 93

and conglomerates, 95–96

house, 124–125

obsolescence of, 90–92

and phonetics, 85–86

reason for selection errors, 89–90

shortened to initials, 86–91, 94

similarity of, 80–83

and telephone directories, 94

generic, 102–103

given, 77–78

personal, 184–185

product: choosing, 71–74, 96–100

coined, 74–75

compared to rubber bands, 123–124

negative, 75–77

No–name trap, 85–94, 185–186

Outside–in thinking, 102–103, 199

Overcommunicated society, 6

Oversimplified message, 7–9

Oversimplified mind, 6–7

Pain relievers, 62–63, 95, 102, 105, 196

Paper products, 106–107

Perfume, 55, 58

Personal names, 184–186

Politicians, 8, 13–14, 37, 62, 65, 78, 86–87, 100

Positioning, 5

against undisputed leader, 40–42

for a business, 193–200

defined, 2–3

effect of change on, 203–204

major examples of: banks, 159–165, 167–171

a church, 177–182

a company, 127–136

a country, 137–142

an island, 143–147

a product, 149–152

a service, 153–158

a ski resort, 173–175

yourself and your career, 183–191

origin of, 3–4

personal characteristics for: courage, 205–206

global outlook, 209–210

objectivity, 206

patience, 209

sacrifice, 208

simplicity, 206–207

subtlety, 207–208

vision, 204–205

rules for, 201–210

Positioning strategies:

age, 58

appealing to everyone, 60

comparative advertising, 32–34, 66

distribution, 58

and existing product line, 58–59

heavy usage, 58

high price, 55–56

low price, 56–57

sex, 57–58

size, 54–55

and technology, 59–60

time of day, 58

unique, 34

Potato chips, 64–65

Price as positioning strategy, 55–57

Product explosion, 16–17, 32

Product failure, reasons for, 53–54

Product names (see Names, product)

Repositioning:

changing existing attitudes, 61–62

and comparative advertising, 66

and ethics, 67–69

examples of, 62–66

legality of, 67

Reverse line extension, 112–113

Semantic differential research, 160

“Sensory overload,” 17

Sex as positioning strategy, 57–58

Shampoo, 105–106, 112–113

Size as positioning strategy, 54–55

Soft drinks, 3, 34, 44, 47–49, 74, 104–105, 194

Stowe ski resort, 173–175

Technology as positioning strategy, 59–60, 134–136

Technology trap, 59–60

Toothpaste, 58, 66

Tourism, 137–147, 173–175

Traps:

everybody, 60

free-ride, 95–100

F.W.M.T.S., 34–35

line-extension, 101–113, 186

no-name, 85–94, 185–186

technology, 59–60

United Jersey Bank, 167–171

Vodka, 60, 63–64

Whisky, 59–60, 110, 119–120

Words:

effect of, on people, 202–203

role of, in positioning, 201–202

Xerox Corporation, 24, 42, 44, 47–50, 97–99, 127–136