Melville, Herman. Correspondence. Edited by Lynn Horth. Evanston: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library, 1993.
———. Journals. Edited by Howard C. Horsford and Lynn Horth. Evanston: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library, 1989.
———. Mardi, and A Voyage Thither. Edited by Harrison Hayford, Hershel Parker, and G. Thomas Tanselle. Evanston: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library, 1970.
———. Moby-Dick or The Whale. Edited by Harrison Hayford, Hershel Parker, and G. Thomas Tanselle. Evanston: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library, 1988.
———. Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas. Edited by Harrison Hayford, Hershel Parker, and G. Thomas Tanselle. Evanston: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library, 1968.
———. The Piazza Tales and Other Prose Pieces, 1839–1860. Edited by Harrison Hayford, Alma A. MacDougall, G. Thomas Tanselle, et al. Evanston: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library, 1987.
———. Published Poems. Edited by Robert C. Ryan, Harrison Hayford, Alma MacDougall Reising, and G. Thomas Tanselle. Evanston: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library, 2009.
———. Redburn: His First Voyage. Edited by Harrison Hayford, Hershel Parker, and G. Thomas Tanselle. Evanston: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library, 1969.
———. Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life. Edited by Harrison Hayford, Hershel Parker, and G. Thomas Tanselle. Evanston: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library, 1968.
———. White-Jacket, or The World in a Man-of-War. Edited by Harrison Hayford, Hershel Parker, and G. Thomas Tanselle, et al. Evanston: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library, 1970.
(For known editions that Melville used, see Bercaw [Edwards] and Sealts.)
Agassiz, Louis, and A. A. Gould, Principles of Zoology. Rev. ed. Boston: Gould and Lincoln, 1851.
Beale, Thomas. The Natural History of the Sperm Whale. London: John Van Voorst, 1839.
Bennett, Frederick D. Narrative of a Whaling Voyage Round the Globe. 2 vols. London: Richard Bentley, 1840.
Bowles, M. E. “Some Account of the Whale-Fishery of the N. West Coast and Kamschatka.” Polynesian (4 October 1845): 82–83.
Brewster, Mary. “She Was a Sister Sailor”: The Whaling Journals of Mary Brewster, 1845–1851. Edited by Joan Druett. Mystic: Mystic Seaport Museum, 1992.
Browne, J. Ross. Etchings of a Whaling Cruise [1846]. Edited by John Seelye. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1968.
Chase, Owen, et al. Narratives of the Wreck of the Whale-ship Essex [1821]. New York: Dover, 1989.
Cheever, Henry T. The Whale and His Captors; or, The Whaleman’s Adventures [1850]. Edited by Robert D. Madison. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2018.
Colnett, James. A Voyage to the South Atlantic and Round Cape Horn Into the Pacific Ocean, for the Purpose of Extending the Spermaceti Whale Fisheries . . . London: W. Bennett, 1798.
Cuvier, Baron Georges. The Class Pisces, with supplementary editions by Edward Griffith and Charles Hamilton Smith, vol. 10 of The Animal Kingdom. London: Whittaker and Co., 1834.
Dana, Richard Henry, Jr. Two Years before the Mast: A Personal Narrative of Life at Sea. New York: Harper and Bros., 1840.
Darwin, Charles. Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the Countries Visited During the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. 2 vols. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1846.
———. On the Origin of the Species by Means of Natural Selection [1859]. Edited by William Bynum. New York: Penguin, 2009.
Dudley, Paul. “An Essay upon the Natural History of Whales, with a particular Account of the Ambergris found in the Sperma Ceti Whale.” Philosophical Transactions 33 (1724–25): 256–69.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. “The Uses of Natural History (1833–35).” In The Selected Lectures of Ralph Waldo Emerson, edited by Ronald A. Bosco and Joel Myerson, 1–17. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2005.
Good, John Mason. The Book of Nature. Hartford: Belknap and Hamersley, 1837.
Hamilton, Robert. The Naturalist’s Library: Mammalia. Whales, &c., vol. 7. Edited by William Jardine. Edinburgh: W. H Lizards, 1843.
Jackson, J. B. S. “Dissection of a Spermaceti Whale and Three Other Cetaceans.” Boston Journal of Natural History 5, no. 2 (October 1845): 10–171.
Lawrence, Lewis H. Logbook of the Commodore Morris, 1849–1853. Falmouth Historical Society No. 2006.044.002.
Logkeeper. Logbook of the Commodore Morris, 1845–1849 (Capt. Silas Jones). Falmouth Historical Society No. 2013.076.09.
Martin, John F. Around the World in Search of Whales: A Journal of the Lucy Ann Voyage, 1841–44. Edited by Kenneth R. Martin. New Bedford: The Old Dartmouth Historical Society/New Bedford Whaling Museum, 2016.
Maury, Matthew Fontaine. Explanations and Sailing Directions to Accompany The Wind and Current Charts. 3rd ed. Washington: C. Alexander Printer, 1851.
———. The Physical Geography of the Sea. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1855.
———. “The Whale Fisheries . . . ,” New York Herald, April 29, 1851, p. 3.
Morgan, Charles W. “Address before the New Bedford Lyceum.” Charles Waln Morgan Papers, 1796–1861, MS 41, Subgroup 1, Series Y, Folder 1, New Bedford Whaling Museum (1830/37).
Olmsted, Francis Allyn. Incidents of a Whaling Voyage [1841]. Edited by W. Storrs Lee. Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1970.
———. Relics from the Wreck of a Former World; or Splinters Gathered on the Shores of a Turbulent Planet. New York: Henry Long and Brother, 1947.
Reynolds, Jeremiah N. “The Knickerbocker: Mocha Dick or the White Whale: A Leaf from a Manuscript Journal of the Pacific,” vol. 13. New York: The Knickerbocker, 1839.
Scammon, Charles. The Marine Mammals of the Northwestern Coast of North America [1874]. New York: Dover Publications, 1968.
Scoresby Jr., William. An Account of the Arctic Regions, with a History and Description of the Northern Whale-Fishery. 2 vols. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Co., 1820.
———. Journal of a Voyage to the Northern Whale-Fishery. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Co., 1823.
The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. “Whales.” In The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, vol. 27, “Wales–Zygophyllaceæ,” edited by George Long, 271–98. London: Charles Knight and Co., 1843.
Weir, Robert. Journal aboard the Clara Bell, 1855–1858. Mystic Seaport Log 164.
Wilkes, Charles. Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition. 5 vols., atlas. London: Wiley and Putnam, 1845.
Baker, Jennifer J. “Dead Bones and Honest Wonders: The Aesthetics of Natural Science in Moby-Dick.” In Melville and Aesthetics, edited by Samuel Otter and Geoffrey Sanborn, 85–101. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
Bercaw [Edwards], Mary K. Melville’s Sources. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1987.
Bender, Bert. Sea-Brothers: The Tradition of American Sea-Fiction from “Moby-Dick” to the Present. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988.
Berta, Annalisa, James L. Sumich, and Kit M. Kovacs. Marine Mammals: Evolutionary Biology. 2nd ed. Boston: Elsevier, 2006.
Berzin, A. A. The Sperm Whale (Kashalot). Edited by A.V. Yablokov. Translated by E. Hoz and Z. Blake. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translation, 1972.
Blum, Hester. The View from the Masthead: Maritime Imagination and Antebellum American Sea Narratives. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.
Bode, Rita. “‘Suckled by the sea’: The Materrnal in Moby-Dick.” In Melville and Women, edited by Elizabeth Schultz and Haskell Springer, 181–98. Kent: Kent State University Press, 2006.
Bouk, Dan, and D. Graham Burnett. “Knowledge of Leviathan: Charles W. Morgan Anatomizes His Whale.” Journal of the Early Republic 27 (Fall 2008): 433–66.
Burnett, D. Graham. “Matthew Fontaine Maury’s ‘Sea of Fire’: Hydrography, Biogeography, and Providence in the Tropics.” In Tropical Visions in the Age of Empire, edited by Felix Driver and Luciana Martins, 113–34. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014.
———. Trying Leviathan: The Nineteenth-Century New York Court Case That Put the Whale on Trial and Challenged the Order of Nature. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.
Callaway, David R. Melville in the Age of Darwin and Paley: Science in Typee, Mardi, Moby-Dick, and Clarel. Binghamton: State University of New York, 1999.
Clark, A. Howard. “The Whale-Fishery.” In The Fisheries and Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, edited by George Brown Goode, 3–293. Vol. 5, no. 2. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1887.
Creighton, Margaret S. Rites and Passages: The Experience of American Whaling, 1830–1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Dyer, Michael P. “O’er the Wide and Tractless Sea”: Original Art of the Yankee Whale Hunt. New Bedford: Old Dartmouth Historical Society/New Bedford Whaling Museum, 2017.
———. “Whalemen’s natural history observations and the Grand Panorama of a Whaling Voyage Round the World.” New Bedford Whaling Museum Blog, March 29, 2016. whalingmuseumblog.org.
Ellis, Richard. The Great Sperm Whale: A Natural History of the Ocean’s Most Magnificent and Mysterious Creature. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2011.
———. The Search for the Giant Squid. New York: Penguin, 1999.
Estes, James A., et al., eds. Whales, Whaling, and Ocean Ecosystems. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.
Flower, Dean. “Vengeance on a Dumb Brute, Ahab? An Environmentalist Reading of Moby-Dick.” Hudson Review 66, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 135–52.
Foster, Elizabeth S. “Melville and Geology.” American Literature 17, no. 1 (March 1945): 50–65.
Frank, Stuart M. Herman Melville’s Picture Gallery: Sources and Types of the “Pictorial” Chapters of Moby-Dick. Fairhaven, MA: Edward J. Lefkowicz, 1986.
———, ed. Meditations from Steerage: Two Whaling Journal Fragments (The Commonplace Book of Dean C. Wright, Boatsteerer, Ship Benjamin Rush of Warren, Rhode Island, 1841–45, and Six Months Outward Bound: John Jones, Steward, Ship Eliza Adams of New Bedford, 1852). Sharon, MA: The Kendall Whaling Museum, 1991.
German, Andrew W., and Daniel V. McFadden. The Charles W. Morgan: A Picture History of an American Icon. Mystic: Mystic Seaport Museum, 2014.
Greenlaw, Linda. The Hungry Ocean: A Swordboat Captain’s Journey. New York: Hyperion, 1999.
———. Seaworthy: A Swordboat Captain Returns to the Sea. New York, Penguin, 2011.
Harvey, Bruce A. “Science and the Earth.” In A Companion to Herman Melville, edited by Wyn Kelley, 71–82. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015.
Heflin, Wilson. Herman Melville’s Whaling Years. Edited by Mary K. Bercaw Edwards and Thomas Farel Heffernan. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2004.
Hillway, Tyrus. “Melville and Nineteenth-Century Science.” PhD diss., Yale University, 1944.
———. “Melville as Critic of Science.” Modern Language Notes 65, no. 6 (June 1950): 411–14.
———. “Melville’s Education in Science.” Texas Studies in Literature and Language 16, no. 3 (Fall 1974): 411–25.
Hoare, Philip. The Whale: In Search of the Giants of the Sea. New York: Ecco, 2010.
Huggenberger, Stefan, Michel André, and Helmut H. A. Oelschläger. “The Nose of the Sperm Whale: Overviews of Functional Design, Structural Homologies, and Evolution.” Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 4 (2016): 783–806.
Irmscher, Christoph. Louis Agassiz: Creator of American Science. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013.
Jackson, J. A., N. J. Patenaude, E. L. Carroll, and C. Scott Baker. “How Few Whales Were There After Whaling? Inference from Contemporary mtDNA Diversity.” Molecular Ecology 17 (2008): 236–51.
Kelley, Wyn. “Rozoko in the Pacific: Melville’s Natural History of Creation.” In “Whole Oceans Away”: Melville and the Pacific, edited by Jill Barnum, Wyn Kelley, and Christopher Sten, 139–52. Kent: Kent State University Press, 2007.
Laist, David W. North Atlantic Right Whales: From Hunted Leviathan to Conservation Icon. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017.
Leyda, Jay. The Melville Log: A Documentary Life of Herman Melville, 1819–1891, vol. 1. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1951.
Madison, R. D., ed. The Essex and the Whale: Melville’s Leviathan Library and the Birth of Moby-Dick. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2016.
Marr, Timothy. “Melville’s Planetary Compass.” In The New Cambridge Companion to Herman Melville, edited by Robert S. Levine, 187–201. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
McCauley, Douglas J., et al. “Marine Defaunation: Animal Loss in the Global Ocean.” Science 347, no. 6219 (2015): 1–7.
Morowitz, Harold J. “Herman Melville, Marine Biologist.” Biological Bulletin 220 (2011): 83–85.
Onley, Derek, and Paul Scofield. Albatrosses, Petrels, and Shearwaters of the World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.
Olsen-Smith, Steven, “Melville’s Copy of Thomas Beale’s The Natural History of the Sperm Whale and the Composition of Moby-Dick.” Harvard Library Bulletin 21, no. 3 (Fall 2010), 1–77.
Osborn, James C. Logbook of the Charles W. Morgan, 1841–1845. Mystic Seaport Log 143.
Otter, Samuel. Melville’s Anatomies. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
Parker, Hershel. Herman Melville: A Biography, Vol. 1, 1819–1851. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Philbrick, Nathaniel. In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex. New York: Viking, 2000.
———. Why Read Moby-Dick? New York: Viking, 2011.
Rediker, Marcus. “History from below the Water Line: Sharks and the Atlantic Slave Trade.” Atlantic Studies 5, no. 2 (2008): 285–97.
Reeves, Randall R., Brent S. Stewart, Phillip J. Clapham, James A. Powell, and Pieter A. Folkens. Guide to Marine Mammals of the World. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.
Roberts, Callum. The Unnatural History of the Sea. Washington: Shearwater Books, 2007.
Roman, Joe. Whale. London: Reaktion, 2006.
Roman, Joe, and Stephen R. Palumbi. “Whales before Whaling in the North Atlantic.” Science 301 (2003): 508–10.
Roper, Clyde F. E., and Elizabeth K. Shea. “Unanswered Questions about the Giant Squid Architeuthis (Architeuthidae) Illustrate Our Incomplete Knowledge of Coleoid Cephalopods.” American Malacological Bulletin 31, no. 1 (2013): 109–22.
Rozwadowski, Helen M. Fathoming the Ocean: The Discovery and Exploration of the Deep Sea. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2005.
Sanborn, Geoffrey. “Melville and the Nonhuman World.” In The New Cambridge Companion to Herman Melville, edited by Robert S. Levine, 10–21. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Schultz, Elizabeth. “Melville’s Environmental Vision in Moby-Dick.” Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 7, no. 1 (2000): 97–113.
Scott, Sumner W. D. “The Whale in Moby Dick.” PhD diss., University of Chicago, 1950.
Sealts, Jr., Merton M. Melville’s Reading. Rev. ed. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1988.
Severin, Tim. In Search of Moby Dick: The Quest for the White Whale. New York: Da Capo, 2000.
Shoemaker, Nancy. “Whale Meat in American History.” Environmental History 10, no. 2 (April 2005): 269–94.
Smith, Richard Dean. Melville’s Science: “Devilish Tantalization of the Gods!” New York: Garland, 1993.
Smith, Tim D., Randall R. Reeves, Elizabeth A. Josephson, and Judith N. Lund. “Spatial and Seasonal Distribution of American Whaling and Whales in the Age of Sail.” PLOS One 7, no. 4 (April 2012): 1–25.
Starbuck, Alexander. History of the American Whale Fishery from Its Earliest Inception to the Year 1876. Waltham, MA: Self-published, 1878.
Vincent, Howard P. The Trying Out of Moby-Dick. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1965.
Ward, J. A. “The Function of the Cetological Chapters in Moby-Dick.” American Literature 28, no. 2 (1956): 164–83.
Wallace, Robert K. “Melville, Turner, and J. E. Gray’s Cetology.” Nineteenth-Century Contexts 13, no. 2 (Fall 1989): 151–75.
Whitehead, Hal. Sperm Whales: Social Evolution in the Ocean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.
Whitehead, Hal, and Luke Rendell. The Cultural Lives of Whales and Dolphins. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.
Wilson, Eric. “Melville, Darwin, and the Great Chain of Being.” Studies in American Fiction 28, no. 2 (Autumn 2000): 131–50.
Würsig, Bernd, J. G. M. Thewissen, and Kit M. Kovacs, eds. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. 3rd ed. London: Academic Press, 2018.
Yaeger, Patricia. “Editor’s Column: Sea Trash, Dark Pools, and the Tragedy of the Commons.” Proceedings of the Modern Language Association 125, no. 3 (2010): 523–45.
Zoellner, Robert. The Salt-Sea Mastodon: A Reading of Moby-Dick. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.
The Complete Works of Charles Darwin Online (Darwin Online). Edited by John van Wyhe. www.darwin-online.org.uk.
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and and Natural Resources. www.iucnredlist.org.
The Melville Electronic Library. Hofstra University. Edited by John Bryant. www.hofstradrc.org/projects/mel.html.
Melville’s Marginalia Online. Boise State University. Edited by Steven Olsen-Smith, Peter Norberg, and Dennis C. Marnon. melvillesmarginalia.org.
Moby Dick Big Read. Peninsula Arts with Plymouth University. www.mobydickbigread.com.
Mystic Seaport Museum. www.mysticseaport.org.
The New Bedford Whaling Museum. www.whalingmuseum.org.
Searchable Sea Literature. Williams College-Mystic Seaport. Edited by Richard J. King.
Whaling History. www.whalinghistory.org.