Chapter 9: You’re Not Working Hard Enough

  1.     Rina Raphael, “This Ex-Convict Created New York’s New Prison-Themed Fitness Empire,” Fast Company, Aug. 25, 2017, fastcompany.com/40452499/this-ex-convict-created-new-yorks-new-prison-themed-fitness-empire.

  2.     Jeff Haden, “Internal Documents Reveal the Marketing Strategy Peloton Used to Become a $1.8 Billion Company,” Inc., Mar. 30, 2021, www.inc.com/jeff-haden/internal-documents-reveal-marketing-strategy-peloton-used-to-become-a-18-billion-company.html.

  3.     Rina Raphael, “How Orangetheory Grew to Dominate the Boutique Fitness Industry,” Fast Company, July 17, 2018, fastcompany.com/90201967/how-orangetheory-grew-to-dominate-the-boutique-fitness-industry.

  4.     “The Effectiveness of Activity Trackers and Rewards to Encourage Physical Activity,” Duke University, Oct. 5, 2016, duke-nus.edu.sg/allnews/the-effectiveness-of-activity-trackers-and-rewards-to-encourage-physical-activity.

  5.     Jordan Etkin, “The Hidden Cost of Personal Quantification,” Journal of Consumer Research 42, no. 6 (April 2016): 967–84, doi:10.1093/jcr/ucv095.

  6.     Tara Isabella Burton, “Football Really Is America’s Religion,” Vox, Sept. 27, 2017, vox.com/identities/2017/9/27/16308792/football-america-religion-nfl-protests-powerful.

  7.     James F. Fixx, The Complete Book of Running (New York: Random House, 1977), 24.

  8.     Elise Rose Carrotte, Ivanka Prichard, and Megan Su Cheng Lim, “‘Fitspiration’ on Social Media: A Content Analysis of Gendered Images,” Journal of Medical Internet Research 19, no. 3 (2017), doi:10.2196/jmir.6368.

  9.     Angela S. Alberga, Samantha J. Withnell, and Kristin M. von Ranson, “Fitspiration and Thinspiration: A Comparison Across Three Social Networking Sites,” Journal of Eating Disorders 6, no. 1 (2018), doi:10.1186/s40337–018–0227-x.

  10.   Denise Prichard, “Trend Report: How You Can Expect Your Workout to Change in 2021,” Mindbody, Jan. 7 2021, explore.mindbodyonline.com/blog/fitness/trend-report-how-you-can-expect-your-workout-change-2021.

  11.   Zoe Weiner, “Is It Time to Phase Out the #FitFluencer Once and for All?,” Well+Good, Sept. 22, 2021, wellandgood.com/fitness-influencer-fitfluencer-responsibility/.

  12.   Stephanie Easton et al., “Young People’s Experiences of Viewing the Fitspiration Social Media Trend: Qualitative Study.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 20, no. 6 (2018), doi:10.2196/jmir.9156.

  13.   Baine B. Craft, Haley A. Carroll, and M. Kathleen B. Lustyk, “Gender Differences in Exercise Habits and Quality of Life Reports: Assessing the Moderating Effects of Reasons for Exercise,” International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science 2, no. 5 (2014): 65–76.

  14.   Kim Parker, Juliana Menasce Horowitz, and Renee Stepler, “2. Americans See Different Expectations for Men and Women,” Pew Research Center, Social and Demographic Trends Project, Dec. 5, 2017, pewresearch.org/social-trends/2017/12/05/americans-see-different-expectations-for-men-and-women/.

  15.   Rina Raphael, “Burned-out Americans Are Helping Wellness Tourism Flourish,” Fast Company, Oct. 29, 2016, fastcompany.com/3064971/burned-out-americans-are-helping-wellness-tourism-flourish.

  16.   Rina Raphael, “Travelers Are Abandoning Spas to Join Fitfluencer Retreats,” Fast Company, Dec. 11, 2017, fastcompany.com/40504343/travelers-are-abandoning-spas-to-join-fitfluencer-retreats.

  17.   Kasandra Brabaw, “An Eating Disorder Survivor Opened Up About Vacation Weight Gain,” Refinery29, May 24, 2017, refinery29.com/en-us/2017/05/156020/vacation-weight-gain-body-positivity.

  18.   Maggie Lange, “Don’t Even Think About Working Out on Vacation,” The Cut, July 16, 2021, thecut.com/2021/07/dont-work-out-on-vacation.html.

  19.   Jason Kelly, Sweat Equity: Inside the New Economy of Mind and Body (Hoboken, NJ: Bloomberg Press, 2016), 99.

  20.   “Three out of Four Women Are Suffering from Burnout, According to New Harris Poll Commissioned by Meredith Corporation,” Dotdash Meredith, Oct. 3, 2019, meredith.mediaroom.com/2019-10-03-American-Women-Confronting-Burnout-At-Epidemic-Levels-According-To-New-Harris-Poll-Commissioned-By-Meredith-Corporation.

  21.   Rina Raphael, “Yoga Class While Waiting for Refills? CVS Tests New ‘Health Hubs,’” Fast Company, May 4, 2019, fastcompany.com/90343800/yoga-class-while-waiting-for-refills-cvs-tests-new-health-hubs.

  22.   Tamara Lush, “Poll: Americans Are the Unhappiest They’ve Been in 50 Years,” Associated Press, June 16, 2020, apnews.com/article/0f6b9be04fa0d3194401821a72665a50.

  23.   David Brancaccio, Chris Farrell, and Daniel Shin, “‘The Big Quit’ Isn’t Going Away Anytime Soon,” Marketplace, Oct. 27, 2021, marketplace.org/2021/10/27/the-big-quit-isnt-going-away-anytime-soon/.

  24.   Katherine Wernet, “Stressed Out in America,” Mindbody, mindbodyonline .com/business/education/blog/stressed-out-america.

  25.   Mary Pilon et al., “The Influencers Fighting Instagram’s Perfection,” Outside, Sep. 20, 2017, outsideonline.com/health/wellness/backlash-instagram-influencer-culture/.

  26.   “‘Every Body Yoga’ Encourages Self-Love and Everyone to Get on the Mat,” Here & Now, WBUR, July 13, 2017, wbur.org/hereandnow/2017/07/13/every-body-yoga-jessamyn-stanley.

  27.   Jen Murphy, “The Hot New Class at Your Gym? Resting,” Wall Street Journal, Mar. 27, 2022, wsj.com/articles/the-hot-new-class-at-your-gym-resting-11648336639.

  28.   Rina Raphael, “Stretching Studios Are the Next Big Boutique Fitness Trend,” Fast Company, Nov. 27, 2018, fastcompany.com/90269526/stretching-studios -are-the-next-big-boutique-fitness-trend.