65. FB to Jesup, May 23, 1905, BP; FB to Holmes, May 24, 1905, BP; Jesup to FB, May 24, 1905, BP; FB to von den Steinen, May 25, 1905, BP; FB to Bogoras, May 25, 1905, BP.

66. Krupnik, “Jesup Bibliography,” 299; Boas, “Jesup North Pacific Expedition,” 115; Freed, “Capitalist Philanthropy,” 20.

67. Krupnik, “Introduction,” 1, 3, parentheses in original.

68. See Krupnik, “Jesup Genealogy,” 199.

69. Krupnik, “Introduction,” 9; Boas, “Results of the Jesup Expedition,” 18, 19, 24.

70. Boas, “Results of the Jesup Expedition,” 19.

71. Freed, “Capitalist Philanthropy,” 22; Krupnik, “Introduction,” 3; Krupnik, “Jesup Bibliography,” 298–99.

72. Block, Museum at the End of the World, x; Kendall and Krupnik, “Introduction,” 4.

73. Krupnik, “Jesup Genealogy,” 200, 201; Fitzhugh, “Heritage Anthropology,” 295; Krupnik and Fitzhugh, “Introduction,” 3; see also Kendall and Krupnik, “Introduction”; Kendall, “Afterword,” 103–4; see Kasten, “Jochelson and the Jesup North Pacific Expedition,” 7, and The Koryak. These works are part of the Kulturstiftung Sibirien. See http://www.kulturstiftung-sibirien.de/bibliothek_E.html, accessed January 6, 2019

74. Draft of FB to Jesup, October 25, 1900, BP.

11. Taking Hold in New York

1. See Darnell, “Development of American Anthropology,” 141; Hinsley and Wilcox, Coming of Age in Chicago, xxxiv; FB to Hodge, October 16, 1903, BP. See FB to Putnam, January 27, 1906, for reference to the Washington group: “I think the prospects for the next Christmas meeting are also very bad, because the Washington anthropologists are so hard to induce to attend any meetings.” Dixon wrote Boas about “the Washington crowd,” not one of whom would likely attend the celebration to honor F. W. Putnam on his seventieth birthday (Dixon to FB, March 5, 1909, BP).

2. FB to Kroeber, November 2, 1903, BP; FB to Jesup, December 2, 1898, BP.

3. FB to Bumpus, February 21, 1902, DA/AMNH.

4. FB to von Andrian-Werberg, August 8, 1898, EM’s translation, BP.

5. Cole, Franz Boas, 213, quoting FB to parents, November 22, 1898, BFP; Low to FB, May 1, 1899, BP.

6. FB to Putnam, December 1, 1898, DA/AMNH.

7. FB to Jesup, December 2, 1898, DA/AMNH. Boas variously referenced Columbia College and Columbia University. The college oversaw undergraduate instruction, and the university, graduate instruction.

8. FB to Jesup, December 31, 1898, DA/AMNH.

9. FB to Seth Low, February 25, 1899, BP.

10. Low to FB, May 1, 1899, BP.

11. Cole, Franz Boas, 213, quoting FB to parents, February 17, 1899.

12. Theodora Kroeber, Alfred Kroeber, 45, 46, 47, parentheses in original; Steward, “Alfred Louis Kroeber,” 1042–43; Steward, “Alfred Kroeber,” 196–97; Kroeber, “Franz Boas: The Man,” 15.

13. Harper, “Early Arctic Films.”

14. Bein to FB, January 27, 1896, BP; Bein to FB, March 3, 1896, BP; Bein to FB, May 24, 1896, BP.

15. Taber to FB, [illegible] June 1896, DA/AMNH. Kenn Harper pointed out this letter from Taber to Boas. Smith to FB, July 13, 1896, BP.

16. Harper, Minik, 8; Harper, Give Me My Father’s Body, 25, quoting FB to Peary, May 24, 1897, DA/AMNH.

17. Harper, Give Me My Father’s Body, 26.

18. “The Big Meteorite Landed,” New York Times, October 3, 1897, http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/10/03/105954363.html?pageNumber=24, accessed April 5, 2016; Harper, Give Me My Father’s Body, 22, 24, 27, quoting Bumpus memo, April 1909, AMNH; Thomas, Skull Wars, 79; “Too Warm for Eskimos,” New York Times, October 11, 1897, https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/10/11/issue.html, accessed August 26, 2018.

19. Autopsies also revealed that the Smith Sound Eskimo had contracted tuberculosis.

20. Harper, Give Me My Father’s Body, 33; “Going Home to Greenland,” illustrated supplement, New York Tribune, March 27, 1898, http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1898–03–27/ed-1/seq-33/, accessed May 17, 2016.

21. Harper, Give Me My Father’s Body, 41, 173–74, quoting Knud Rasmussen.

22. Harper, Give Me My Father’s Body, 55, 64, 65.

23. “Going Home to Greenland,” New York Tribune, March 27, 1898; Zumwalt, American Folklore Scholarship, 75, quoting FB to Kroeber, December 10, 1897, UC Archives; Kroeber, “Tales of the Smith Sound Eskimo,” 166; Kroeber, “The Eskimo of Smith Sound,” 304, 305, 306.

24. Consul-General of Denmark to FB, September 24, 1908, BP; FB to J. Cun, Consul-General of Denmark, October 1, 1908, BP.

25. Harper, Give Me My Father’s Body, 155, quoting Olsen, 189, quoting Freuchen, Arctic Adventure, 1935; 206, 215, 217–19.

26. Harper, Give Me My Father’s Body, 227.

27. Carpenter, “Dead Truth, Live Myth,” 29. Kenn Harper conveyed to me the following information about the inscription on the plaque: “The text of the plaque is in Greenlandic. It reads, ‘Nunamingnut uteqihut,’ which translates simply as ‘They have come home.’ This is followed by the names of the four Eskimos with details of their birth and death dates, and the statement, ‘1897 New York-Imut, 1993 Qaanaamut.’” Of the reception of his work in Greenland, and particularly in Qaanaaq, Harper responds to a query from me: “My book was published in Danish in the 1980s, so bilingual Greenlanders had access to it. . . . It was also republished in another Danish edition, and in 2001 in Greenlandic. I lived in Qaanaaq for two years and was a regular visitor to the community for many years thereafter. The elders of the community were tremendously interested in the story and often thanked me for solving what to them had been the mystery of Minik.”

28. FB to Nuttall, May 16, 1901, BP. Boas had met Zelia Nuttall in 1886 when he attended the AAAS meeting in Buffalo just after he had returned to the United States from Germany. Boas and Nuttall also had first met Putnam at this meeting.

29. FB to McGee, April 4, 1901, BP; McGee to FB, April 5, 1901, BP; FB to McGee, April 4, 1901, BP.

30. Langley to FB, May 23, 1901, BP; FB to McGee, May 14, 1901, BP; FB to McGee, June 18, 1902, BP.

31. Memorandum of Understanding between Boas and McGee, January 5, 1899, BP; FB to Low, April 14, 1899, BP; FB to Hodge, January 20, 1899, BP.

32. Lamb, “Story of the Anthropological Society of Washington,” 576; American Anthropologist, “American Anthropologist, New Series,” 390. See Stocking, “Franz Boas and the Founding of the American Anthropological Association,” 1–2.

33. “Memorandum of Agreement between Franz Boas, PhD of the City of New York and Professor W J McGee of the City of Washington, parties of the first part, and G. P. Putnam’s Sons . . . Parties of the second part. Signed by Franz Boas, W J McGee and G. P. Putnam,” January 5, 1899, BP.

34. Summary of 1899, BP. The summary was compiled by one of his children, who was unnamed and who organized his 1899 professional correspondence.

35. Circular sent out to those interested in reviving the AES, December 12, 1899; BP; FB to Jesup, December 12, 1899, BP. Since McGee lived in Washington, he was not involved in Boas’s New York fund raising efforts.

36. Summary of 1900, BP; FB to Hodge, October 11, 1900, BP.

37. FB to Culin, December 17, 1900, BP; FB to Dorsey, December 17, 1900, BP; FB to Hodge, December 21, 1900, BP; FB to Dorsey, January 21, 1902, BP; FB to Culin, November 19, 1901, BP.

38. McGee to FB, February 19, 1902, BP; McGee to FB, January 4, 1902, BP.

39. McGee, per E. R. Smedes, secretary, to FB, January 21, 1902, BP.

40. FB to McGee, January 25, 1902, BP.

41. Hinsley, Smithsonian and the American Indian, 234; FB to McGee, January 25, 1902, BP; Stocking, “Franz Boas and the Founding of the American Anthropological Association,” 1, 8.

42. Hinsley, Smithsonian and the American Indian, 236, 238, 246, quoting McGee.

43. Hinsley, Smithsonian and the American Indian, 234. Hinsley is quoting from a personal interview with Klotho McGee Lattin, December 31, 1973.

44. Hinsley, Smithsonian and the American Indian, 238, 248, 249. Hinsley is quoting from a draft, Langley to Rathbun, confidential note, February 15, 1902, BAE Records of 1903 Investigation of the Bureau of American Ethnology.

45. McGee to FB, March 28, 1902, emphasis in original, BP. For further reference to external pressures necessitating a speedy decision, see McGee to FB, March 26, 1902, BP, where he wrote that “a certain circumstance transpired,” making “early action requisite” for the formation of the society.

46. McGee to FB, February 12, 1902, BP.

47. Stocking, “Franz Boas and the Founding of the American Anthropological Association,” 4; FB to McGee, February 28, 1902, BP.

48. Hodge, “W J McGee,” 686; McGee to FB, March 10, 1902, BP; FB to McGee, March 25, 1902, BP.

49. McGee, “An American Senate of Science,” 278; McGee, “Proposed American Anthropologic Association”; McGee, “Anthropology at Pittsburgh”; Boas, “Foundation of a National Anthropological Society”; FB to McGee, March 27, 1902, BP; FB to McGee, May 15, 1902, BP.

50. Stocking, “Franz Boas and the Founding of the American Anthropological Association,” 8; American Anthropologist, “American Anthropological Association,” 181–82, 184–86; Hodge, “W J McGee,” 686; Darnell, “Anthropology and the Development of Folklore Scholarship,” 38.

51. Hinsley, Smithsonian and the American Indian, 249; Fletcher to FB, October 14, 1902, BP; Darnell, And Along came Boas, 126; Langley to FB, October 13, 1902, BP.

52. Hinsley, Smithsonian and the American Indian, 215; FB to Gilman, October 29, 1902, BP; Boas, “The Bureau of American Ethnology,” 830.

53. Langley, Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, 46; Hinsley, Smithsonian and the American Indian, 253; O’Sullivan, “Series VIII: Records Relating to the 1903 Investigation of the BAE,” 119.

54. Hinsley and Holm, “Cannibal in the National Museum,” 313, 314, quoting BAE-IN: Boas testimony, 922.

55. FB to Schurz, end of November 1903, handwritten draft, BP; Hinsley, Smithsonian and the American Indian, 255.

56. Hinsley, Smithsonian and the American Indian, 252, quoting the BAE Records of the 1903 Investigation of the Bureau of American Ethnology, “Strictly private memorandum of what I am saying to Mr. Cannon,” 255, 261n106, parentheses in original; McGee to FB, June 16, 1903, BP; McGee to FB, August 1, 1903, BP; FB to McGee, August 3, 1903, BP.

57. Brinton to FB, June 4, 1898, BP; McGee to FB, February 19, 1902, BP; McGee to FB, February 27, 1902, BP; FB to McGee, March 25, 1902, BP.

58. Thoresen, “Paying the Piper and Calling the Tune”; Nuttall to FB, May 14, 1901, emphasis in original, BP; FB to Nuttall, May 15, 1901, BP.

59. FB to Nuttall, May 15, 1901, BP.

60. FB to Nuttall, May 15, 1901, BP.

61. Thoresen, “Paying the Piper and Calling the Tune,” 264, quoting Nuttall to Hearst, May 19, 1901.

62. Thoresen, “Paying the Piper and Calling the Tune,” 264; Zumwalt, American Folklore Scholarship, 76, quoting Hearst to Kroeber, July 29, 1901, Kroeber Papers; Kroeber, February 23, 1905, Kroeber Papers.

63. FB to Putnam, May 17, 1902, UC Archives.

64. Putnam to Hearst, May 2, 1902, Bancroft Library. Letter appears on the Bancroft Library website, “Foundations of Anthropology at the University of California,” http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/Exhibits/anthro/4establish3.html#item1, accessed June 12, 2016.

Conclusion

1. CV, 2, 6, BFP; FB to parents, May 3, 1877, RLZ’s translation, BFP.

2. FB to Marie, August 2, 1897, BP; Reichard, “Franz Boas and Folklore,” 55.

3. FB to Toni, EM’s translation, October 12, 1876, BFP.