SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE, DRY ZONE 8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Between the tufty hair on the pineapple lilies and the disheveled orange dahlias, this looks like quite the pajama party. Wine-colored barberry echoes the dark spotting on the stems of the pineapple lilies, while golden Korean fir plays to their lighter notes. This foliage combination is attractive but unremarkable until the aptly named Bed Head dahlia is added in the background, adding a fun splash of color.
The golden foliage of the fir will be a year-round highlight, with the bright new growth and clusters of yellow flowers of the barberry adding spring interest. In summer the dahlia and pineapple lily provide summer color with foliage and flowers. The merrymaking continues through fall, when foliage of the Concorde barberry will turn from wine to scarlet and tiny red berries become visible on the thorny stems. As the clumps of pineapple lily and dahlias mature, this party will only get more colorful.
Golden Korean fir (Abies koreana ‘Aurea’) This broad upright conifer has pale yellow needles in spring that mature to a softer green, creating a dramatic backdrop for the blue-purple cones. Grows to 4–6 feet tall in zones 5–8.
Concorde barberry (Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea ‘Concorde’) There are many purple-toned barberries, but Concorde stands out for its reliable mounding shape, rich blue overtones, and slightly larger foliage. Add yellow spring flowers, red berries, and great fall color and this becomes a garden-worthy three-season shrub. Grows to 3 feet tall and wide in zones 4–8. CAUTION Before planting, make sure barberries are not invasive in your area.
Pineapple lily (Eucomis comosa) Fat flower spikes emerge from succulent rosettes in summer and support the strange pineapple-like flowers. This perennial needs well-drained soil. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 8–10, but will survive in zone 7 with winter protection.
Bed Head dahlia (Dahlia ‘Bed Head’) Looking positively rumpled, these 4-inch orange flowers are as much fun as they are vibrant. Makes an excellent cut flower that gets even curlier in the vase. Stake the stems and add slug protection when young. Grows to 5 feet tall in zones 8–10, but you can lift and protect during the winter in colder areas.
SITE FULL SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 6–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
The energetic contrast of purple and gold is one of the cheeriest color pairings for early spring, when the garden is just coming back to life after winter. When you add to that fresh color duo the delightful fragrance from the violets and the unique, finely cut foliage of the fresh geranium growth, the pace of your walk down the garden path slows just a bit so you can appreciate the refined details that this combination brings to the landscape.
This trio is particularly wonderful in early spring, just as the colorful bulbs are blooming, but it carries tons of personality for the rest of the year too. The curved deep green foliage of the violet with long-blooming purple flowers stands out against the chartreuse new growth on the stonecrop. As the weather warms and the bulbs complete their spring show, the geranium begins to bloom and draw all of the attention. When the landscape becomes cool and quieter in autumn, the stonecrop takes on warm tones of copper while the geranium leaves become bolder in full sun, showing an array of fall colors from gold and orange to red.
Angelina stonecrop (Sedum rupestre ‘Angelina’) As if being drought tolerant was not enough, this golden succulent is also a tough evergreen. Spreading exuberantly through the garden, it roots quite easily, making a low carpet of warm color that contrasts beautifully with darker plants. Does best in well-drained soil in full sun, but will happily tolerate average moisture in partial shade. Grows to 6 inches tall and spreads in zones 6–9.
Hardy geranium (Geranium species) Valued for their large, deeply dissected foliage and colorful flowers in late spring, hardy geraniums are excellent in the mixed border as well as the woodland garden. Cut back this garden workhorse after it has bloomed to rejuvenate the plant for the remainder of the growing season; this may also encourage a late-season flush of blooms. It is not unusual to get some dramatic fall color on the foliage. This unique hardy geranium is an unknown seedling, but for a similar look try Mrs. Kendall Clarke (Geranium pratense ‘Mrs. Kendall Clarke’), which grows to 2 feet tall and 3 feet wide in full to partial sun and is hardy in zones 3–10.
Western dog violet (Viola adunca) Fragrant 1-inch blooms on this native perennial plant bring delight beginning in April with heart-shaped leaves and an almost constant supply of bearded rich purple flowers. This hardy and adaptable plant spreads by seed and rhizomes to make a low, densely matting ground cover in full to partial sun. It is also the singular host for the threatened Oregon Silverspot butterfly. Does best in moist, well-drained soil. Grows to 12 inches wide in zones 4–10.
SITE FULL SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 4–8 SEASON SPRING THROUGH FALL
Sometimes two plants with multiple assets are all it takes to set the garden aglow. While the smoky color scheme may be subtle, the colors shift with the seasons from softer plum and pink to intense red and orange. The glossy rose hips glow like hot embers amid the smoldering purple leaves of the smoke bush, producing unexpected sparks of bold hue. Throughout these transitions the two shrubs play off one another, their combined foliage always the perfect backdrop for the flowers and hips of the rose.
From spring until fall this simple duo will add color to the garden with foliage, flowers, and hips. The young smoke bush leaves emerge vibrant burgundy, mature to a smoky plum as seen here, and transition to sizzling shades of orange and red in fall. In spring the mellow foliage sets off the spring roses, while in fall the rose hips add a punch of scarlet, a harbinger of the fiery scene to come. To extend the interest through winter, a mass planting of evergreen blue oat grass (Helictotrichon sempervirens) in the foreground would maintain the color scheme while introducing a new texture.
Grace smoke bush (Cotinus ‘Grace’) Grace has larger blue-toned leaves that set it apart from other purple smoke bushes. This deciduous shrub produces a hazy froth of flowers in late spring. Pruning in early spring will sacrifice this “smoke” in favor of extra-large foliage. However, even with pruning Grace will reach 6 feet in a season. This semi-translucent foliage is especially beautiful when backlit, so consider its placement carefully to take advantage of this feature. Grows to 10 feet tall and 8 feet wide (unpruned) in zones 5–9.
Redleaf rose (Rosa glauca) Give this shrub rose some elbow room and it will reward you with a fountain of blue-tinged foliage. In spring, clear pink flowers add to the display, and red rose hips follow in late summer and fall. This rose self-seeds readily, but unwanted seedlings are easy to remove and you can hard prune the shrub to manage its size. Grows to 6 feet tall and wide in zones 2–8.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL DRY ZONE 5–9 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
If you want drama without the dramatics, this may be your answer. Thriving in poor, dry soil and a sun-drenched site, this trio will reward you with color, fragrance, foliage, and flowers. The juxtaposition of soft and spiky textures with the alluring color scheme of silver, blue, and yellow creates a memorable combination. All three plants are deer resistant and drought tolerant, making them a wise choice for many landscapes.
Although the sea holly blooms in early summer, the papery seed heads can last well into winter in some climates. Late summer will see the remaining plants flowering, and although the mullein may deteriorate the evergreen yucca will look good throughout the fall and winter. This combination will change frequently as new yellow mullein seedlings mature to replace those that have died.
Yellow mullein (Verbascum epixanthinum) This perennial may be short lived, but those huge, fuzzy silver leaves are worth it. Even if this never flowered it would add architectural interest to the border, but the 3-foot-tall woolly yellow spikes in summer complete the scene. Mullein needs very well-drained soil and a hot, sunny site. Grows to 3 feet tall and wide in zones 5–9.
Color Guard yucca (Yucca filamentosa ‘Color Guard’) A deer-resistant, drought-tolerant, and low-maintenance spiny evergreen shrub also known as Adam’s needle. In summer mature rosettes will produce a tall, fragrant flowering spike. Grows to 6 feet tall and 3 feet wide in zones 5–11. CAUTION Wear gloves to divide every 5–6 years.
Sapphire Blue sea holly (Eryngium ‘Sapphire Blue’) Metallic blue bracts are the hallmark of this tough perennial. The basal rosettes of foliage are also spiky and tinged with blue. Grow in poor, dry soil and full sun for best results; in richer soil you will have to stake the plants. You can cut back the seed heads or leave them for winter interest. Grows to 2½ feet tall and 2 feet wide in zones 5–9.
SITE FULL SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE, MOISTURE-RETENTIVE ZONE 6–7 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
A weathered Italianate urn nestles among the fern-like foliage of false spirea, and the Japanese maple repeats the pink tones of both. The dusky purple leaves of the smoke bush add depth and definition in the same way a mat does when you are framing a painting, while the informal medley of shrubs suits the rustic nature of the vessel and evokes a sense of history.
While spring is a colorful highlight, summer and fall also offer special moments. First, the false spirea blooms, then all three shrubs ignite into fiery shades of magenta, red, and gold. In winter only the twiggy shrub structures remain, so adding a low-growing evergreen ground cover, such as Winter Chocolate heather (Calluna vulgaris ‘Winter Chocolate’), at the base of the urn would help bridge the seasons.
Both the false spirea and the smoke bush benefit from coppicing in spring, a pruning practice that will help maintain the balance between the shrubs and the urn they frame.
False spirea (Sorbaria sorbifolia ‘Sem’) Richly textured leaves open pink in spring, blending with shades of yellow and green as the season progresses. This deciduous shrub grows to a compact mound with plume-like white flowers that attract butterflies. Beware of letting this loose in the garden, as it is likely to send out suckers and colonize an area. A sharp shovel will keep it in check, or enjoy it in a container. Prefers full sun or light shade and moisture-retentive soil. Grows to 3–4 feet tall and wide in zones 3–7.
Grace smoke bush (Cotinus ‘Grace’) One of the most striking smoke bushes for its large blue-toned purple foliage that turns red in fall. When pruned hard in spring this deciduous shrub will be more compact and have even larger leaves (albeit at the expense of the fluffy, smoke-like flowers). Prefers full or partial sun. Grows to 10 feet tall and 8 feet wide (unpruned) in zones 5–9.
Beni schichihenge Japanese maple (Acer palmatum ‘Beni schichihenge’) You will not forget this Japanese maple, which is noted for its bright pink spring color. Each leaf is unique both in its shape and the degree of its green, white, and pink variegation. The stems add to the kaleidoscope and help explain its name, which means “red and changeful.” Fall foliage color is magenta. Prefers full sun or open shade. Grows to 18 feet tall and 15 feet wide in zones 6–8.
Urn If you allow this urn to weather naturally over many years and resist the urge to brush away the moss, the Italian-style vessel will lend an air of history to the garden. In a temperate climate the frost-resistant pot can remain outdoors year-round, but in colder regions it needs protection indoors during the winter.
SITE PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 4–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
While the purple barberry creates a sweeping royal robe of crushed velvet, the mounding conifer is the glorious crown, resplendent in shades of copper and gold. A ruffled trim of shimmery purple coral bells adds just enough sparkle to suggest royal patronage. But no coronation regalia is complete without priceless jewels—the tiny clusters of dangling golden flowers encrusted within the barberry foliage. This combination deserves a royal visit.
The spring scene shown here is but one seasonal highlight. As spring gives way to summer, the conifer will turn bright chartreuse. This bold contrast with the other plants is softened by the spikes of tiny white flowers rising above the coral bells. In autumn the barberry begins its fiery display, and as the scarlet leaves fall to the ground the small red berries become visible. Meanwhile, the Rheingold arborvitae changes into its burnished winter layer. This grouping requires almost no maintenance beyond a quick spring cleaning of the coral bells to remove winter damaged foliage.
Rheingold arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis ‘Rheingold’) This colorful conifer will fit into any landscape or container, its chartreuse summer foliage turning shades of burnished copper in colder months. The natural mounding shape makes it ideal for a foundation plant as well as in a mixed border, and you can clip it for a more formal look. Prefers full sun, but also does well in partial sun and will even tolerate wet soils. Grows to 3–5 feet tall and wide in zones 4–8.
Plum Pudding coral bells (Heuchera ‘Plum Pudding’) There are so many coral bells from which to choose, but Plum Pudding still stands out as an excellent performer in containers and the landscape. Rich purple foliage is overlaid with a silver network of veins, giving it a shimmery appearance—the perfect foil for the sprays of white flowers in spring. Grows to 10 inches tall and 16 inches wide, with flower spikes rising to 2 feet, in zones 4–9.
Crimson Velvet barberry (Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea ‘Crimson Velvet’) This is a vibrant three-season thorny shrub, resistant to deer, that opens fuchsia-red, matures to deep purple, and turns bright crimson in fall. In spring the golden flowers are especially noticeable against the dark backdrop and are followed by bright red berries. Grows to 4 feet tall and wide in zones 4–9. CAUTION Before planting, make sure barberries are not invasive in your area.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE, DRY ZONE 4–9 SEASON SUMMER THROUGH FALL
Combine ornamental grasses with coneflowers to re-create the look of a wild prairie in the smallest space. Simplicity is key, so a serene monochromatic color scheme works best. Rather than introducing lots of different flowers, select two different varieties of coneflower. Here the subtle contrast between the classic White Swan and a more flamboyant double form creates interest without looking overdone. The result is a dreamy, naturalistic planting that moves in the breeze and attracts bees, birds, and butterflies. You can fit this design into a tiny courtyard or expand it for acreage.
Beautiful in summer and fall with winter seed heads extending the interest, this planting is perhaps quietest in spring. This would be a good time to introduce ephemerals that fit with the overall design aesthetic. White camassia (Camassia leichtlinii ‘Alba’) or snakes head fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris) are spring-blooming bulbs that are well suited to prairie conditions.
Variegated purple moor grass (Molinia caerulea ‘Variegata’) Creamy yellow-and-green variegated blades form a mounding hummock from which purple seed heads rise in summer. The overall effect is a wonderful haze that moves in the breeze. This herbaceous grass becomes dormant in fall. Prefers full or partial sun and average soil. Grows to 3 feet tall and 2 feet wide in zones 4–9.
White Swan coneflower (Echinacea purpurea ‘White Swan’) Drooping white petals in a classic daisy shape surround stiff copper cones. This low-maintenance, drought-tolerant perennial is a magnet for bees and butterflies, and works equally well in traditional garden design, prairie-style plantings, or containers. Leave seed heads in place to attract and feed birds in fall and winter. Does best in average soil and full sun. Grows to 2–3 feet tall and 2 feet wide in zones 3–9.
Double white coneflower (Echinacea purpurea variety) This coneflower has a fluffier central cone. It was a happy accident, as it was mislabeled White Swan. The variety Meringue closely resembles this beauty, with a creamy pom-pom and light green center surrounded by white rays. All coneflowers make exceptionally long-lasting cut flowers. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 3–9.
SITE FULL SUN, PARTIAL SHADE SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 6–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
An antique steamer deck chair painted in deep red beckons you to re-energize your spirit in this garden setting with a color palette full of warmth on a cool spring day. Providing sunny color near the pond, the soft mound of sedge foliage dances gracefully in the breeze. Contrasting with the loose form of the grass is the stout arborvitae, still sporting a coppery glow from winter even as it puts on fresh golden growth, while the tower of feather-soft bright green needles on the spruce radiates the freshness of spring. The heart of this vignette is the voluminous red rhododendron, which pairs well with the chair color.
Spring brings flowers and bursts of colorful new growth in this landscape right when we need it after cold, gloomy winter days. Although the sedge foliage remains bright throughout summer, the display will be quieter when the flowers are gone and the mature colors of the conifers mellow. To augment this display for the summer and fall, try adding some bold tropical drama with a red-leaved banana (Ensete ventricosum ‘Maurelii’) and Bishop of Llandaff dahlia (Dahlia ‘Bishop of Llandaff’), which has dark leaves and bright scarlet flowers. For fall glory, ‘Little Henry’ Virginia sweetspire (Itea virginica ‘Little Henry’) would bring on the heat with intense red foliage just when the tips of the arborvitae begin to gain some burnished tones for winter.
Bowles’ golden sedge (Carex elata ‘Aurea’) Whether sited in full sun or partial shade, this semi-evergreen grass brings a notable golden glow to the garden. Trim in spring to bring out the best in fresh color and new growth. Best in average to wet soil. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 5–9.
Rheingold arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis ‘Rheingold’) Slow-growing with scaly, fan-like gold foliage that turns a rich bronze at the tips for fall and winter. Its naturally upright rounded form needs minimal pruning. Best in full sun with consistent watering, but appreciates light afternoon shade. Grows to 3–5 feet tall and wide in zones 4–8.
Dwarf Alberta spruce (Picea glauca ‘Conica’) The perfect cone-shaped conifer for both the formal and casual landscape. This very slow-growing, low-maintenance evergreen shrub puts out bright green new growth in spring that is incredibly soft to the touch. An excellent choice for foundation planting and containers. Prefers full to partial sun in moist, well-drained soil. Grows to 6–8 feet tall and 4–5 feet wide in zones 2–8.
Elizabeth rhododendron (Rhododendron ‘Elizabeth’) This very old hybrid is popular for its dependability and trumpet-shaped red blooms that can flower so heavily they hide the oval deep green leaves. This long-lived shrub prefers moist but well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade. Grows to 10 feet tall and wide in zones 6–8.
SITE SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL POTTING SOIL ZONE 9–11 OR ANNUALS SEASON YEAR-ROUND OR SUMMER ONLY
The intense orange color of the gemstone carnelian invites clarity and focus, just like the orange begonia in this scene leads your eye straight to it. Pairing the cascading begonia with the tropical-looking honey bush elevates this container to a new level of sophistication, bold texture, fragrance, and color. The design and the setting combine to create a glorious scene. Color echoes from the small terra-cotta pots bring the warm tones of orange down low, where more jewels in the form of teal quartz stones wrap around the base of the pot.
This dynamic container design thrives in mild climates from early summer through fall. Although the begonias are annuals, you can overwinter them in a greenhouse or a cool room indoors if necessary. The honey bush can survive outdoors as a woody shrub in warm-climate gardens, although gardeners in colder regions should cut it back as you would a perennial.
Honey bush (Melianthus major) This tropical or tender shrub has long, serrated silver-green foliage with a unique scent that is somewhat like peanut butter. In late spring and summer it blooms with deep red flower spikes. Grows to 6–8 feet tall and 8–10 feet wide in zones 8–11 as a semi-evergreen suckering shrub, but some gardeners prefer to treat it like a perennial and cut it back every year.
Mexican snowball (Echeveria elegans) This short-stemmed, clump-forming succulent has tight rosettes of fleshy pale green-blue leaves that are evergreen and bear long slender stalks of pink flowers with yellow tips in spring. This drought-tolerant perennial wants full sun and very well-drained, if not gritty, soil. Grows to 2–4 inches tall and up to 20 inches wide in zones 9–11 or enjoy as an annual.
Bonfire begonia (Begonia boliviensis ‘Bonfire’) A dramatic red-orange tuberous begonia, Bonfire cascades with a multitude of long fluted blooms and serrated deep green foliage from late spring to fall. Grows to 2–3 feet tall and wide in zones 9–11 or enjoy as an annual.
SITE SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 4–8 SEASON SPRING THROUGH FALL
The spring trio immediately grabs your attention with its fresh, sophisticated color palette, but the larger picture offers an exceptional design lesson by demonstrating how to take advantage of a distant view. When you look beyond the colorful tulips, you will notice the swathe of dark barberry foliage deep in the background that creates an exquisite color echo of the brown peony foliage. This repetition causes that longer view to become an important design element of the vignette in the foreground. Adding contrast, the variegated white oat grass up lights the base of the dark peony, while tall yellow tulips add just the right punch of refined color.
Emerging tulips are the first flowers to open in this combination, just as the cocoa-colored new peony foliage develops against the white-and-green variegation of the grass. At the peak of the tulips’ glory, the peony will crack open fat buds to feature large yellow double blossoms with a subtle reddish tint in the center and a light, fresh fragrance. The peony foliage matures to deep green, sustaining this rich color on its heavily dissected leaves even as it blooms in spring and early summer. As the tulips finish flowering and begin to go dormant in late spring, the peony continues its metamorphosis and leaves behind interesting seed heads that will split open to reveal shiny black seeds and provide handsome fall foliage color.
Bartzella peony (Paeonia ‘Bartzella’) Large double ruffled yellow flowers shine on this unusual hybrid between a garden peony and a tree peony. Prized by collectors, this easy-to-grow herbaceous plant has a bushy, lush growth habit that does not need staking and features distinctive divided leaves and a mild fragrance from the blooms. Does best in full sun, average soil, and consistent moisture. Good deer and rabbit resistance. Grows to 3 feet tall and wide in zones 4–9.
Variegated bulbous oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius var. bulbosum ‘Variegatum’) This low-growing, deer-resistant perennial looks best in spring, when it forms a dense clump or white-and-green variegated foliage. Trimming it back in June rejuvenates this grass and keeps it looking fresh if it is in full sun; in partial sun this is less of an issue. Grows to 12 inches tall and 18 inches wide in zones 4–8. CAUTION This may be invasive in some areas; check before planting.
Golden Apeldoorn tulip (Tulipa ‘Golden Apeldoorn’) Symbolizing eternal happiness and perfect love, this tulip is one of the best bulbs for perennial performance, as it naturalizes well and is excellent for cutting. This golden yellow beauty can get up to 6 inches across when fully open. Prefers full to partial sun. Grows to 20–24 inches tall in zones 3–8.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL WELL-DRAINED, DRY ZONE 8–9 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
This may prove to be the noisiest part of the garden as swarms of bees gorge themselves on the abundant flowers. A spring appetizer of rosemary, followed by germander and pineapple lily for a summer dessert, will ensure your garden is listed as pollinator-friendly. This combination is equally exciting to the gardener, thanks to the glossy strap-like foliage of the pineapple lily, which provides a bold, colorful counterpoint to the fine-textured green leaves of the herbs.
Truly a combination that keeps on giving to the kitchen and the pollinators, this trio looks spectacular from spring until late summer as each of the plants takes turns blooming. In winter, only the pineapple lily goes dormant: the evergreen germander and rosemary continue to add shades of green to the garden, while rosemary also provides fragrant foliage for cooking. Incorporate a large boulder with a shallow depression to hold water for bees and butterflies in summer and add an interesting focal point.
Tuscan Blue rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis ‘Tuscan Blue’) This early-flowering upright variety of rosemary is a popular choice for hedging as well as culinary use. Shear back by up to one third after flowering to shape the bush. The needle-like foliage of this evergreen woody perennial is wider and more aromatic than many, but like all rosemary it is drought tolerant and deer resistant. Prefers full sun and lean, well-drained soil. Grows to 2–4 feet tall and 2–3 feet wide in zones 8–11; can reach 6 feet tall in ideal conditions.
Sparkling Burgundy pineapple lily (Eucomis comosa ‘Sparkling Burgundy’) A tropical-looking perennial with fleshy burgundy leaves that fade to green, then revert after blooming. The unusual pineapple-shaped dusky pink flowers appear in midsummer. These bulbs do best with average water during the growing season, but need well-drained soil to survive the winters. Grows to 2 feet tall in zones 6–9.
Wall germander (Teucrium xlucidrys) A drought-tolerant, evergreen, woody perennial that thrives in full sun and lean, well-drained soil. It blooms in summer with a profusion of lavender-pink flowers that are highly attractive to bees, but the gray-green foliage is also ornamental and fragrant. It is no longer recommended as an edible herb but remains popular as a low hedge around vegetable gardens. Cut back after flowering to maintain a compact habit if desired. Grows to 1–2 feet tall and 2–3 feet wide in zones 5–9.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 6–7 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Four herbaceous perennials, each with a unique leaf texture and bloom time, jockey for position in front of the evergreen box honeysuckle shrub. Even when not in bloom this vignette offers many shades of green, from lemon and lime to blue tones, and the burgundy chevron of the Virginia knotweed introduces contrast. The vertical spikes of deep blue spike speedwell flowers mimic the form of the stonecrop while contrasting with the layered structure of neighboring plants. Both the darmera and Virginia knotweed have a reputation for running wild in the garden, but here the calculated risk has paid off.
Although rich in foliage interest, this vignette also produces waves of flowers beginning with pink and white darmera in spring, blue spike speedwell and pink stonecrop in summer, and the unusual red flowers of the Virginia knotweed in fall. This combination will require careful monitoring to prevent any one plant from overgrowing a neighbor. Individual spot watering may also be necessary, as the darmera requires much wetter conditions than average.
Darmera (Darmera peltata) A fast-growing herbaceous perennial that needs constantly wet soil and shade, although it will tolerate full sun with sufficient water. Drumsticks of pink-and-white flowers appear in spring before the leaves emerge. Each leaf can be up to 18 inches in diameter. Grows to 3–6 feet tall and 5 feet wide in zones 5–7; often spreads much further.
Autumn Joy stonecrop (Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’, also sold as Hylotelephium ‘Autumn Joy’) Succulent blue-green foliage grows into a dome topped in late summer by flat clusters of rose-pink flowers that attract bees and butterflies. To keep it more compact, cut the foliage back by half in early spring. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 3–10.
Lance Corporal Virginia knotweed (Persicaria virginiana var. filiformis ‘Lance Corporal’) Whether you consider this herbaceous perennial merely vigorous or an invasive thug may depend on your specific site and soil conditions, but be sure you really want it before planting. Beautiful chevron leaf markings make this an attractive foliage plant, but it also has scarlet flowers in late summer. Prefers partial sun to full shade. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 4–10. CAUTION Before planting, make sure it is not invasive in your area.
Lemon Beauty box honeysuckle (Lonicera nitida ‘Lemon Beauty’) An arching shrub with boxwood-like gold-and-green variegated leaves. Usually evergreen, it may lose some leaves in a harsh winter. You can use this deer-resistant, drought-tolerant shrub as a low informal hedge, but it also works well in containers, as a ground cover, or as a screen. Grows to 3–6 feet tall and 3–4 feet wide in zones 6–11.
Spike speedwell (Veronica spicata) The variety is uncertain, but it is very similar to Sunny Border Blue. It is known for its extended bloom time from summer until fall. The tubular violet-blue flowers attract butterflies and also make excellent cut flowers. Grows to 2 feet tall and 12 inches wide in zones 4–8.
SITE FULL SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE, MOISTURE-RETENTIVE, AND POTTING SOIL ZONE 5–7 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Why plant just one large shrub when you can fill two jumbo pots to overflowing with a colorful assortment of trees, shrubs, and perennials? You will still have room to add a tall stately grass to one side and a froth of flowering perennials at the base. Purple and gold are the predominant colors of both foliage and flowers, knitting this elaborate design together, while every element introduces a new leaf shape and texture to make a dramatic statement. Underplanting the pots with a sprawling mass of Ann Folkard hardy geranium was a genius touch, as a more demure planting of a compact variety would have lost the exciting momentum.
In fall both the smoke bush and maple will light up the scene with fiery shades of crimson, distracting the eye from the hardy geranium as it enters dormancy. The winter blooms of the hellebores will continue the pink and burgundy tones while the tan grass blades will rustle in the breeze. After two or three years the potted plants will outgrow their allotted space and need transplanting. However, this unapologetic display of sheer exuberance is a huge success.
Red Dragon Japanese maple (Acer palmatum ‘Red Dragon’) A smaller variety of the popular Crimson Queen, Red Dragon has a cascading mound of finely dissected leaves that open bright scarlet in spring, mature to burgundy, and turn vibrant crimson in autumn. This variety holds its color well in full sun. Grows to 5–8 feet tall and wide in zones 5–9.
Sungold threadleaf false cypress (Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Sungold’) Finely textured thread-like golden foliage grows slowly in a layered mounding habit, but you can prune to keep it smaller. New growth emerges bright gold and softens to lime green with age. This evergreen conifer prefers full or partial sun. Grows to 3–5 feet tall and 4–6 feet wide in zones 3–7.
Morning Light maiden grass (Miscanthus sinensis ‘Morning Light’) Growing as an elegant upright fountain, this perennial clumping grass has green-and-white variegated blades. Tassel-like inflorescences appear in fall and can last for many months, standing tall above the faded tan foliage, making this an outstanding ornamental grass for architectural interest year-round. Prune back to 12 inches when new growth appears in spring. Does best in full or partial sun and average soil. Grows to 4–6 feet tall and 3–4 feet wide in zones 5–9.
Royal Purple smoke bush (Cotinus coggygria ‘Royal Purple’) A popular deciduous shrub or small tree for full or partial sun, this variety sports rich purple leaves with a hot pink margin. If you do not hard prune in spring, smoky plumes appear in summer. Plant this where the light can shine through to best appreciate the translucent foliage, which turns scarlet in fall. Grows to 15 feet tall and 10–12 feet wide in zones 4–8.
Hellebore (Helleborus species) Although the plant tag has long since been lost, this is likely the variety Pink Frost (Helleborus Gold Collection Pink Frost). Burgundy stems and evergreen green leaves become the backdrop to a profusion of tall outward-facing blooms in shades of pink, burgundy, and light green, often starting in fall and continuing until spring. Prefers partial shade to partial sun. Grows to 12–15 inches tall and 2 feet wide in zones 5–9.
Heather (Calluna vulgaris) County Wicklow would give a look very similar to this unknown variety; it blooms with pale pink double flowers from midsummer to fall on bright green foliage. Alternatively, try lavender-flowering Fritz Kirchner, which fades to white at the base. Grows to 12 inches tall and wide in zones 4–8.
Ann Folkard hardy geranium (Geranium ‘Ann Folkard’) This vigorous perennial will quickly weave its way between and over adjacent plants, its magenta flowers and contrasting chartreuse foliage creating an eye-catching display. This low-maintenance plant may benefit from a quick trim in midsummer to curb its enthusiasm to more manageable proportions. Grows to 2 feet tall and 4 feet wide in zones 5–8.
SITE FULL SUN, PARTIAL SUN, PARTIAL SHADE SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 4–7 SEASON SPRING THROUGH FALL
Who doesn’t love a little indulgence now and then? This melt-in-your-mouth combo of dark chocolate ninebark and sweet colored clematis should definitely be on your summer dessert menu. Using the ninebark for support, the vine easily threads its way through the shrub, and its fat buds burst to reveal the fully double flowers. The two mingle so well that it appears the ninebark is blooming. Delicious.
This is such a well thought-out pairing. In spring the dark ninebark foliage is the perfect foil for its prolific clusters of white flowers. As these fade, the clematis begins to bloom, its bare lower stems disguised by the shrub on which it grows. The cerise flowers are enhanced by the chocolate backdrop, the duo continuing to add flavor to the garden well into fall when the ninebark leaves turn red. In winter the bare woody stems are visible, revealing the peeling bark on the mature canes. Planting winter-blooming Cinnamon Snow hellebore (Helleborus Gold Collection Cinnamon Snow) at the base would accent this feature, as the fat pink buds open to reveal their cinnamon- and cream-toned flowers. To enjoy this delicious pairing each year, be sure to prune the clematis hard in late winter and thin the shrub as needed.
Diablo ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Diablo’) This large deciduous shrub offers something for every season. Dark summer foliage turns red in fall, and red seed heads follow the white flowers. Even in winter the striped bark is interesting. To control size, prune one third of the oldest canes to the ground each spring and reduce the height by half. Grows to 8–10 feet tall and wide in zones 2–7.
Clematis (Clematis ‘Purpurea Plena Elegans’) The ruffled double flowers are only 3–4 inches in diameter but are borne in abundance in spring and with a repeat flowering in early fall. Prune the oldest stems on established vines in late winter to the two lowest healthy buds. Grows to 12 feet high in zones 4–8.
SITE SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL WELL-DRAINED ZONE 6–8 SEASON SPRING, SUMMER
Many evergreen plants have a unique quality whereby they acquire a winter “blush” of color on their foliage, frequently holding on to that shade in a spectacular way. This variegated holly retained some of that winter color until late spring, when the hardy geranium began to bloom even on the new growth, making the leaves look as though they were dipped in rosé wine. The contrast in texture between the lush green geranium foliage and the spiny holly leaves is another reason this pair deserves attention. The intensity of the blue-purple geranium flowers makes this pink-and-purple combination a standout for those who have an affinity for ladylike colors but appreciate an evergreen shrub undaunted by winter cold.
This pairing peaks in spring and early summer, when that special color is still showing on the holly. However, even when the holly fades to its typical creamy yellow variegation, the hardy geranium will still be a blooming garden workhorse of flower power. This low-maintenance couple does not need too much effort, other than annually pruning the holly to keep it to your preferred shape and size and pruning back the geranium at the end of the growing season. If you divide the clump of geranium every three to four years, it will keep blooming well.
Variegated English holly (Ilex aquifolium ‘Argentea Marginata’) This medium-size shrub or small tree with a conical growth habit is a showy, low-maintenance choice for the landscape. The spiny, undulated leaves are boldly outlined with creamy white margins. If there is a male holly nearby, small white flowers turn into dazzling red berries that provide fall and winter interest. Prefers partial to full sun. Grows to 15 feet tall and 8 feet wide in zones 6–9.
Rosemoor hardy geranium (Geranium magnificum ‘Rosemoor’) This easy hardy perennial is a longtime landscape favorite. The dazzling violet-blue blooms grow from a foliage clump sporting palmate leaves. The foliage has been known to get tinges of lovely fall color. Prefers full sun to partial shade. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 5–8.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE, MOISTURE-RETENTIVE ZONE 8–9 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Adding style and flair with palm trees requires planning for each stage of growth, and this combination shows that level of skill. The fast-growing gold conifer paired with the deep blue-green of the young palms gives bold shape and texture, while the showy red daisies and grass have a chance to display their colors in an up-close view as the palms mature.
In cool climates this combination provides an irresistible tropical ambience that lingers as long as possible before the gray days of winter. When the red sneezeweed and the Japanese blood grass are in the full grandeur of summer, they still have quite a bit of life in them. The peak for this combination would surely be in the waning days of summer and early fall. Yet even when the daisies begin to fade the drama continues: the vibrant Japanese blood grass reaches its elegant perfection in fall, the fiery tones playing off the colors and textures of the conifer and palms.
With the addition of shrubs such as oak leaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia) or Henry’s Garnet Virginia sweetspire (Itea virginica ‘Henry’s Garnet’), the deep burgundy of the fall foliage would take this combination from summer pizzazz to long-lasting autumn glory.
Gold Rush dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides ‘Gold Rush’) This fast-growing deciduous conifer is like liquid gold. Chartreuse new growth emerges soft and fern-like: it will not burn in summer sun and turns amber-orange in fall. Be sure to water consistently in summer for best color. Grows to 50 feet tall and 20 feet wide in zones 4–10.
Japanese blood grass (Imperata cylindrica ‘Rubra’) This named variety of blood grass is a much more polite perennial than its rather invasive cousin, commonly named cogon grass. The upper part of the blade turns garnet red in summer, often deepening toward burgundy as the growing season progresses. Once established it tolerates shade, poor soils, and even drought. Grows to 12–18 inches tall and 2–4 feet wide in zones 5–9.
Mediterranean fan palm (Chamaerops humilis) The cold-hardiest of all palms is also deer resistant and drought tolerant and has a wonderful multitrunk growth habit. It has a canopy of fan-shaped blue-green leaves that work equally well in containers and landscape designs featuring desert or tropical themes. Grows to 10–15 feet tall and wide in zones 8–11.
Red sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale ‘Red’) Vigorous and easy, this late-season perennial brings plenty of flashy copper-red color and buckets of long-lasting 2-inch cut flowers from August to October. Grows to 3 feet high and 30 inches wide in zones 3–10.
SITE FULL SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE, MOISTURE-RETENTIVE ZONE 6–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
There are some plants that you just have to have—and this treasure trove will get you writing up a new shopping list. Glossy black leaves of a unique daphne join a new sea holly that sports spiky golden foliage, which in turn makes the bright silver-blue of a prostrate noble fir seem to shimmer. Surrounding these collector’s gems are more familiar shrubs and perennials, but in this company they are all transformed into precious jewels.
As summer transitions to fall, the barberry will turn crimson and the rhododendron may contribute some red flowers to the scene. Although the daphne will lose foliage in a harsh winter and the sea holly will become dormant, the conifer and rhododendron will provide winter color, to be joined in spring by flowers on both the daphne and Ostbo’s Elizabeth rhododendron. You may have to prune the conifer and rhododendron to maintain this balance of riches.
Ostbo’s Elizabeth rhododendron (Rhododendron ‘Ostbo’s Elizabeth’) An outstanding rhododendron with deep burgundy foliage and masses of funnel-shaped scarlet flowers in spring, often with a repeat bloom in fall. This evergreen shrub needs well-drained acidic soil and afternoon shade. Grows to 6 feet tall and wide in zones 6–8.
Prostrate blue noble fir (Abies procera ‘Glauca Prostrata’) This low-growing evergreen conifer is known for its exquisite silver-blue needles that are soft to the touch. Needs full sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Grows to 2 feet tall and 6 feet wide in zones 4–8; prune out any leaders that emerge.
Black daphne (Daphne xhoutteana) A coveted semi-evergreen shrub for serious plantaholics. In full sun the glossy leaves will be almost black, an exciting backdrop to the mauve spring flowers. Prefers fertile, moisture-retentive but well-drained soil. Grows to 2–3 feet tall and wide in zones 6–9.
Bagatelle barberry (Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea ‘Bagatelle’) A dwarf form of barberry that maintains a compact mound without pruning. Deep red foliage turns crimson in fall and is accented by yellow flowers in spring. Best color in full sun but will also grow in light shade. Grows to 18 inches tall and wide in zones 5–8. CAUTION Before planting, make sure barberries are not invasive in your area.
Neptune’s Gold sea holly (Eryngium xzabelli ‘Neptune’s Gold’) A new introduction with flowers that mature to electric blue and are surrounded by bracts in shades of gold, silver, and lavender, all held high above striking gold foliage. You will definitely want to hunt for this treasure. Prefers full sun. Grows to 2 feet tall and 12 inches wide in zones 5–9.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE, DRY ZONE 7–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
An explosion of golden foliage and flowers, spikes, and spirals aims for the sky while softer tufts of grasses and threadleaf false cypress create gentle mounds at ground level. Dancing between the two are indigo streaks of blue Caradonna sage, which repeats the spiky theme, and purple verbena, which introduces a new shape with its flattened spherical flower heads. All these pointed forms create a visual tension that is eased by the dense foliage of a variegated shrub dogwood, which also provides a solid foliage curtain against which viewers can appreciate these slender forms.
While the photograph captures the midsummer look, there are still key elements to enjoy year-round. The variegated yucca, sedge, and conifer are all evergreen, and when the dogwood loses its leaves in fall the bright red stems will be revealed, adding to the winter display. The beauty of using a nonliving focal point, such as this colorful spiral obelisk, is that it will continue to add height, color, and form to the garden long after the annual vine has finished.
Color Guard yucca (Yucca filamentosa ‘Color Guard’) When the color of other variegated yuccas begins to fade in midsummer, this brightens to a creamy gold. The foliage grows to a clump from which flowering spikes explode in summer, bearing a cluster of white blooms that hummingbirds love. Evergreen, drought tolerant, deer resistant, and low maintenance. Grows to 6 feet tall and 3 feet wide in zones 5–11. CAUTION Wear gloves to divide every 5–6 years.
Sungold threadleaf false cypress (Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Sungold’) This finely textured conifer resembles a golden mophead. Prefers full sun or partial shade. Grows to 5 feet tall and 6 feet wide in zones 4–9.
Orange New Zealand sedge (Carex testacea) Evergreen olive green blades are tipped with orange, the color intensifying in fall. Grows to 18 inches tall and wide in zones 7–10.
Variegated red twig dogwood (Cornus alba ‘Elegantissima’, also sold as Cornus alba ‘Argenteo-marginata’) A four-season deciduous shrub with gray-green and white foliage that transitions to rose, apricot, and gold in fall. In winter the red stems become visible. For the brightest stems, grow in full sun and cut one third of the oldest stems to the ground in spring. Prefers moist, well-drained soil but adapts well to clay, sand, or wet conditions. Grows to 8 feet tall and 6 feet wide or more in zones 2–8.
Black-eyed Susan (Thunbergia alata) This vine is available with flowers in shades of cream, rose-pink, yellow, and orange, but all have the distinctive black eye. These vines grow to 8 feet tall as a summer annual but can reach 20 feet in zone 10, where it is an evergreen perennial.
Homestead Purple verbena (Verbena canadensis ‘Homestead Purple’) A vigorous ground-covering perennial with large purple flowers in spring through fall. Drought-tolerant once established. Grows to 6–12 inches high and 3 feet wide in zones 7–10.
Caradonna sage (Salvia nemorosa ‘Caradonna’) Tall black stems support spikes of deep blue flowers. If deadheaded regularly, these will bloom all summer. This drought-tolerant, deer-resistant perennial looks best planted in groups. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 4–9.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL DRY ZONE 8–10 SEASON SPRING THROUGH FALL
Like a ghostly mist, the silver wormwood swirls around the stiff rubber-like stems of the stonecrop. Seemingly frozen in fear, the budded flower heads strain upward, trying to escape the curling fingers of its ethereal companion. The delicate balance of contrasting textures, together with the fresh silver and pale green color scheme, adds a cool touch to the more typical saturated hues found in the late summer garden.
This combination is at its dramatic peak in late summer before the stonecrop blooms, although the foliage of both plants will make fascinating companions from spring through fall. The personality will change once the rose-pink flowers of the stonecrop open, resulting in a softer, feminine look. Both perennials will die down in winter, so to extend the interest a backdrop of Northwind switch grass (Panicum virgatum ‘Northwind’) would add height, the bleached color and rustling sounds enhancing the ghostly theme and bridging the seasonal gap. For early spring, a carpet of white glory of the snow (Chionodoxa luciliae ‘Alba’) would quickly naturalize, each stem bearing a spray of five or more star-shaped blooms. As the perennials emerge in late spring they will disguise the spent bulb foliage.
Canescens wormwood (Artemisia alba ‘Canescens’) One of the most beautiful wormwoods, this variety is a semi-evergreen shrub with exceptionally finely cut silver foliage that resembles curled threads and emits a pungent herbal smell when crushed. Cut back straggly growth in spring to maintain a tidier habit. All wormwoods need full sun and well-drained soil to do well, but are otherwise low maintenance, deer resistant, and drought tolerant. Grows to 18 inches tall and 2 feet wide in zones 8–10.
Autumn Joy stonecrop (Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’, also sold as Hylotelephium ‘Autumn Joy’) An old-fashioned favorite for the late-season border, this drought-tolerant perennial forms a mound of succulent foliage topped by flat heads of rose-colored flowers. Do not rush to tidy up in fall, as the dried seed heads are a decorative addition to the winter garden. To keep this herbaceous perennial from flopping, cut it back by half in early spring and divide every couple of years. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 3–10.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL DRY ZONE 7–9 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
From the monster-size yucca to the low-growing spurge, everything explodes skyward in this dramatic composition. Yet the contrast in texture between the feathery ground cover with the taller, broader blades also plays an important role, while the subtle colors ranging from blue-green to bronze add another intriguing layer. The finishing touch is the splash of bright yellow flowers from the Solfaterre crocosmia, a welcome softening of the strong vertical lines.
The evergreen yucca adds a sculptural detail to the garden even in winter. The crocosmia and spurge, however, are herbaceous perennials, so for more early season color, try winter aconite (Eranthis cilicica) to lend a sprinkling of buttercup-type yellow flowers in January. The foliage of these bulbs will die down by late spring and will not detract from the main display. As the design matures, the spurge and crocosmia will multiply, bringing ever more color to the scene.
Curve-leaf yucca (Yucca recurvifolia) There is no ignoring this striking architectural plant. The gently curving blue-green blades are evergreen, and it explodes with tall flowering spikes of creamy white flowers in midsummer. A fabulous specimen plant for full sun that is drought tolerant once established. Grows to 6–8 feet tall and wide in zones 7–9.
Cypress spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias) While this low-growing woody perennial is attractive, it is also invasive in many areas of the United States and cannot be recommended for planting. However, the attributes that are so appealing—the fine-textured foliage and ability to grow in dry soil and full sun—can also be found in Blue Spruce stonecrop (Sedum rupestre ‘Blue Spruce’), which is also a soft blue-green and would be a perfect substitute. Grows to 6–8 inches tall in zones 3–11.
Solfaterre crocosmia (Crocosmia ‘Solfaterre’) This is not your typical crocosmia. The bronze foliage sets it apart from its relatives, making it a much more exciting design contributor, especially with the rich yellow blooms. This herbaceous perennial, which grows from a corm, is also slower growing and shorter than most other hybrids. It will take full or partial sun, and although drought tolerant when established it benefits from occasional watering. Grows to 20–24 inches tall and 8–10 inches wide in zones 7–10.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 5–7 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Feeling hungry? This imaginative combination will allow for a summer full of salads, but the garden will never look bare thanks to the ice plant’s vibrant magenta flowers. The rich color is repeated in the bold ribs and stalks of some of the Swiss chard as well as the kale. This is also a textural feast, with the soft chard leaves contrasting with small succulent needles and the densely frilled, more leathery kale. Don’t keep this recipe to yourself—there is plenty to share with friends.
Intended to tempt your taste buds from summer through fall, this may be only a short-term culinary feast, but the addition of the evergreen ice plant will ensure there is always something interesting to look at. The peak season is undoubtedly when flowers and edible foliage and stems coincide, but when the greens are harvested a planting of bright pansies will bridge the gap, maintaining color for the colder months without sacrificing the space for next year’s crop.
Curly Roja kale (Brassica oleracea ‘Curly Roja’) A versatile, highly ornamental kale that you can harvest when young for salads or use for cooking. This cold-hardy variety benefits from a light frost, which sweetens the flavor. It may stand through mild winters or die back and regrow from the root in spring. Frilly green leaves and purple stems are most colorful in full sun, but kale will also grow in partial shade. Grows to 18 inches tall and wide. Annual.
Bright Lights Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris ‘Bright Lights’) A great cut-and-come-again vegetable that is as tasty as it is beautiful. Brightly colored stems and ribs in shades of yellow, red, pink, and white are the hallmark of this popular variety, while the lightly curled foliage may be green or burgundy. Grows to 20 inches tall and 10 inches wide. Annual.
Blut ice plant (Delosperma ashtonii ‘Blut’) One of the best cold-hardy ice plants, Blut forms a low-growing evergreen mat of succulent foliage topped in summer with a dazzling display of daisy-shaped magenta flowers that open to the sun. This vigorous ground cover is reliably drought tolerant and needs well-drained soil in full or partial sun. Grows to 1 inch tall and 15–18 inches wide in zones 5–7.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE, WELL-DRAINED ZONE 6–9 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Some plants grow vigorously, others are described as spreading easily, and a few are downright promiscuous. Jennifer (and most other Kaffir lilies) is in the latter category, jumping in and out of beds with abandon. Thankfully this wild child plays well with her bedfellows and looks both charming and sophisticated with the silver-and-black foliage shown here. However, silver Valerie can be equally naughty. If she is too much to handle, substitute the felted silver foliage of Bella Grigio lamb’s ears (Stachys byzantina ‘Bella Grigio’).
This simple trio has a lot to offer from spring until fall with foliage, flowers, and fragrance all playing their part, but be ready to keep both perennials in check by promptly removing clumps that spread out of bounds. To extend this through winter, consider the elegant Japanese stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamellia). This deciduous tree has the most beautiful mottled bark in soft shades of gray and salmon as well as fragrant camellia-like blooms in summer that would work well with this flirty combination. The foliage turns from soft green to bronze and purple in fall.
Valerie Finnis wormwood (Artemisia ludoviciana ‘Valerie Finnis’) Thankfully a little more restrained than her cousin ‘Silver King’, Valerie Finnis spreads quickly but is not as naughty as her floral companion. Give this deer-resistant perennial well-drained, low-fertility soil in full sun and she will shine from spring until fall. Shear back the deeply cut silver leaves after the nondescript yellow blooms are spent. Grows to 2 feet tall in zones 4–9.
Black daphne (Daphne xhoutteana) This is a plant to lust after. Glossy leaves in the deepest shade of purple bring a tropical look to temperate gardens, while lightly fragrant mauve flowers in spring add drama to this semi-evergreen shrub. Does best in fertile, moisture-retentive but well-drained soil. Grows to 2–3 feet tall and wide in zones 6–9.
Kaffir lily (Schizostylis coccinea) This variety appears to be very similar to Jennifer. It is a vigorous clump-forming perennial with grass-like foliage that is evergreen in mild winters. Clear pink flowers bloom sporadically for many months, but are most prolific in late summer and autumn. Kaffir lilies spread easily—sometimes a little too easily—so be prepared to regularly thin out the clumps as needed. Grows to 2 feet tall in zones 6–9.
SITE PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE, MOISTURE-RETENTIVE ZONE 6–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Poised above a dry creek bed, this heron is likely to go hungry, but we can enjoy his dark silhouette against the backdrop of intricate foliage textures. The naturalistic setting relies on mass planting key shrubs but showing restraint in the color palette. The light green spike winterhazel echoes the brighter foliage of the distant dogwood, while the weeping blue atlas cedar connects visually to the grays of the boulders and the deeper blue-green leaves of Ramapo rhododendron. Grass-like hummocks of daylilies enhance the illusion of a stream bank.
Every season brings something new. The daylilies will soon be in full bloom, their golden trumpets blaring for many weeks. In fall the dogwood and winter hazel will turn yellow before losing their leaves. The winter transition is key, as the fiery colored stems of the dogwood will add a glorious contrast to the blue conifer. The spike winterhazel will also bloom during this season, with deep yellow flowers that dangle from its bare branches. Finally, in spring Ramapo will be covered with lavender-blue blossoms.
Spike winterhazel (Corylopsis spicata) Richly textured leaves turn yellow in fall, but this multistemmed shrub is best known for its fragrant yellow flowers that emerge along the bare branches in winter. Prefers moisture-retentive soil and protection from hot afternoon sun. Grows to 4–8 feet tall and 6–8 feet wide in zones 5–8.
Weeping blue atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica ‘Glauca Pendula’) A dramatic evergreen conifer that can be trained with a tall trunk or kept lower and allowed to cascade. The branches look best when allowed to drape their short blue-green needles over boulders or water features, or used to create an arch. Prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Grows to 15–25 feet tall and wide in zones 6–9.
Midwinter Fire dogwood (Cornus sanguinea ‘Midwinter Fire’) This deciduous shrub is grown primarily for the vibrant twiggy branches in shades of red, orange, and gold that are revealed only in winter. For the best color, cut back the shrub by one third each spring; the brightest hue is always on the newest growth. Light green foliage and white spring flowers also feature. Grows to 4–5 feet tall and wide in zones 5–8.
Stella De Oro daylily (Hemerocallis ‘Stella De Oro’) One of the most popular daylilies. This herbaceous perennial forms a mound of grass-like leaves and has spikes of golden yellow trumpet-shaped flowers over many weeks. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 3–9.
Ramapo rhododendron (Rhododendron ‘Ramapo’) An evergreen shrub with a dense, compact habit and trusses of purple flowers that cover the blue-green foliage in spring. Site in partial shade and water regularly. Grows to 3 feet tall and 4 feet wide in zones 4–8.
Metal art Actually a grouping of several pieces, this heron sits among the bulrushes waiting patiently for his lunch. This artwork can stay outdoors year-round, even as the scenery changes.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE, MOISTURE-RETENTIVE ZONE 5–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
As the late afternoon sun streams through the lacy maple, shafts of light illuminate the translucent purple leaves of the smoke bush, transforming them into a rosy haze. Shielded from direct sun, the maroon-tipped switch grass and dwarf conifer retain their soft blue-green hue; the contrast in color saturation is key to the success of this vignette. Rozanne hardy geranium creates an informal froth at the base of the taller plants, and the colors of the surrounding foliage highlight its clear blue flowers and prominent purple stamens.
As summer transitions to fall, the Japanese maple turns a warm shade of orange with red highlights, stunning next to the similar autumnal colors of the smoke bush and Shenandoah grass. The soothing blue-green dwarf hinoki offsets the vibrant display, while its golden tips still add a little sparkle. Rozanne will continue to bloom until a hard frost, at which time she will go dormant until the following spring. The smoke bush will need annual coppicing in spring to keep it compact, but the remaining plants should do well without intervention for several years, after which the perennial grass and hardy geranium may need dividing.
Koto-no-ito Japanese maple (Acer palmatum ‘Koto-no-ito’) The translation “harp strings” perfectly describes the thread-like leaves of this midsize Japanese maple. In spring the new leaves emerge tinged with crimson, maturing to green and ending fall in a spectacular display of peach and orange tones. Grows to 10 feet tall and wide in zones 6–9.
Shenandoah switch grass (Panicum virgatum ‘Shenandoah’) This warm-season grass has olive green blades tipped with deep red, the color intensifying in fall. Airy red seed heads dance like tiny jewels in the late summer breeze. Grows to 4 feet tall and 2 feet wide in zones 4–9.
Royal Purple smoke bush (Cotinus coggygria ‘Royal Purple’) This deciduous shrub has purple leaves that turn scarlet in fall. Plumes of so-called smoke appear in summer, but many gardeners prefer to hard prune smoke bushes in spring, sacrificing the flowers to get larger foliage. Grows to 15 feet tall and 10–12 feet wide in zones 4–8.
Gold Fern hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa ‘Gold Fern’) Dense branches clothed in fern-like blue-green foliage, accented with golden tips, make this an exceptional dwarf form of hinoki false cypress. Short and squat, it prefers some protection from strong afternoon sun. Grows to 5 feet tall and 6 feet wide in zones 5–8.
Rozanne hardy geranium (Geranium ‘Rozanne’) A vigorous low-maintenance perennial with an exceptionally long bloom time. Grows to 12 inches tall and 3 feet wide in zones 4–9, but can scramble higher.
SITE SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 6–7 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
The best jigsaw puzzles keep you in suspense until the last piece clicks into place, and this design does just that. Fine-textured fern leaf buckthorn, paired with the fat needles of the golden plum yew, adds traditional vertical elements that contrast with the broad leaves of the luxurious banana. The looser, upright growth habit of the orange barberry is the central piece of this puzzle, adding a warm glow echoed by new burgundy growth on the red contorted filbert. The spherical forms of the ornamental onions make the unique scene all the more distinctive.
Spring may be a highlight, but there is a lot more to this composition. The ornamental onions signal the apex of bold spring color, while summer brings a softening of the deep wine-colored new foliage of the filbert and turns it to rich green. When cool fall nights arrive, the hues of the barberry become deeper orange before dropping their leaves to expose tiny red berries, while the buckthorn and filbert turn warm gold before losing their leaves as well.
Hardy fiber banana (Musa basjoo, also sold as Musa bajoo) With good mulching, this banana is quite hardy as far north as New England. Although it produces small inedible bananas, the lush foliage makes you feel like you should be in the islands eating tropical fruit. Requires consistent water and fertilizer in the heat of summer, and you must prune back this fast-growing colonizer each fall. Prefers partial to full sun. Grows to 12 feet tall in zones 6–10.
Korean Gold plum yew (Cephalotaxus harringtonia ‘Korean Gold’) This deer-resistant, fat-needled conifer with soft gold tips grows in an upright manner. Much like its cousin the true yew, the female plant has red berries in fall that can be quite showy. Prefers partial sun or partial shade, but it can tolerate full sun in cool climates with consistent watering. Grows to 6–10 feet tall and 3–6 feet wide in zones 6–9.
Fine Line fern leaf buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula ‘Fine Line’) This architectural plant has an upright, columnar habit. The feathery green foliage is wonderful in borders, as a hedge, along a pathway, and in containers where you need deer-resistant, adaptable plants. Turning warm gold in autumn, the leaves drop to reveal brown stems speckled with white. Grows to 5–7 feet tall and 2–3 feet wide in zones 2–7.
Orange Rocket barberry (Berberis thunbergii ‘Orange Rocket’) Noted for its upright growth and ruby color that turns orange in fall, like all barberries this variety is deer resistant, drought tolerant, and low maintenance. Grows to 4 feet tall and 2–3 feet wide in zones 4–9. CAUTION Before planting, make sure barberries are not invasive in your area.
Red Majestic contorted filbert (Corylus avellana ‘Red Majestic’) This striking form of filbert with deep reddish-purple spring growth fading to olive green in summer offers interest season after season. The curly foliage drops in fall to reveal curvy, contorted branches that are very interesting for late winter, when rosy purple catkins dangle like jewelry. Grows to 6–12 feet tall and wide in zones 4–8.
Ornamental onion (Allium species) This striking spring bulb flowers in colors that range from violet-pink to lilac on blooms that can grow as large as a softball. Like all members of the onion family, it is naturally and blissfully deer resistant. The foliage dies back just as the bloom peaks. The seed heads are attractive to butterflies and bees, and highly ornamental in the garden if you do not cut them back. Grows to 3–5 feet tall in zones 6–10.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 7 SEASON SPRING THROUGH FALL
Framing white spring flowers with lemon and lime foliage is a sure way to celebrate the freshness of a spring garden, while the columnar golden barberries add structure to the looser shrubs beyond. The purple blooms of Homestead Purple verbena in the foreground add an exciting contrast and ensure a long-lasting color punch that will stretch through fall. Purple and gold always look good together; they are opposite each other on the color wheel, so they appear brighter when paired.
By summer, the yellow viburnum berries will have ripened, contrasting nicely with the dark green leaves. Fall will see a transition from cool to warmer hues as the foliage of all three deciduous shrubs turns orange, red, and burgundy while the accent of purple verbena flowers will continue until frost. In winter only the twiggy structures will remain, so allow a carpet of purple crocus to naturalize around the base of these plants to add welcome early color.
Gold Pillar barberry (Berberis thunbergii ‘Gold Pillar’) The columnar shape of this deciduous shrub makes it easy to fit into the smallest garden or container, while the burn-resistant gold foliage is a true standout. The red stems add subtle contrast, as do the red-tinted new shoots. In fall the whole bush turns orange-red. Deer resistant and drought tolerant. Grows to 4 feet tall and 2 feet wide in zones 4–7. CAUTION Before planting, make sure barberries are not invasive in your area.
Golden Spirit smoke bush (Cotinus coggygria ‘Golden Spirit’) An easy-care multistemmed deciduous shrub for full sun or partial shade. Allow it to grow and smoke, or cut it back in early spring to forgo the flowers in favor of larger foliage. The semi-translucent chartreuse leaves turn amber, orange, and burgundy in autumn. Grows to 10–12 feet tall and wide in zones 4–8, but ultimate size depends on pruning practices.
Homestead Purple verbena (Verbena canadensis ‘Homestead Purple’) This woody perennial is perfect for adding color to the front of a border. Rich purple flowers cover the prostrate stems from spring until late summer. Plant in full sun and well-drained soil. Grows to 6–12 inches high and 3 feet wide in zones 7–10.
European cranberry bush (Viburnum opulus ‘Xanthocarpum’) Lacecap-type white flowers cover this deciduous bush in spring, ripening by late summer to clusters of yellow berries that often persist well into winter. The lobed maple-like leaves turn shades of orange in fall. Thrives in moisture-retentive soil in full sun to partial shade. Grows to 6–8 feet tall and wide in zones 3–8.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 5–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Deer are notorious for having fickle tastes, but in most gardens they would leave this combo alone. Layers of evergreen and deciduous foliage provide the perfect picture frame for the lilies. Try this fragrant, sunny vignette as a privacy screen or a backdrop for darker colors.
This combo changes with the seasons, getting better each year, and always offers something of interest. Peak season for this trio is midsummer, when the lilies are in full bloom, but the golden locust tree will partner with the evergreen conifer from early spring to late fall.
To expand the combination while keeping to the same buttery color scheme, grow a carpet of spring-blooming old-fashioned English primroses (Primula vulgaris) as a ground cover under the tree. Fall would be the perfect time to introduce some fiery reds and oranges to contrast with the softer yellow shades. Grace smoke bush (Cotinus ‘Grace’) would be an ideal candidate for such a role, as it is a dusky blue-purple for most of the year but turns vivid scarlet in November.
Golden locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Frisia’) Stand under the golden canopy of this translucent foliage to feel bathed in sunshine—even on a cloudy day. Deer shun this fast-growing deciduous tree, which has fragrant white flowers in spring and is remarkably tolerant of poor soils. Grows to 30–50 feet high and 20 feet wide in zones 4–9.
Dwarf Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica ‘Elegans Nana’) A fat little dumpling of a conifer that thrives in full sun or the dappled light under a deciduous tree. The blue-green foliage takes on a purple cast in winter. Grows to 7 feet high and wide in zones 5–8.
Lily (Longiflorum-Asiatic [LA] Lilium hybrid) The lily appears to have been mislabeled, so there is no accurate identification for this beautiful variety with melon-colored trumpet-shaped flowers. Lily experts suggest Menorca as a good substitute. Grow these massed in your border for best effect—they will continue to multiply each year. Grows to 5–6 feet tall in zones 3–9.
SITE FULL SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE TO DRY ZONE 7–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
You need some serious attitude to stand alongside a bold architectural plant like this New Zealand flax. Fun, colorful foliage from the Fiesta forsythia adds the sunshine touch, while the sheer number of blooms and berries of the St. John’s wort can hold their own against the bronze giant. The color connection between the bright variegated forsythia leaves and fuzzy yellow St. John’s wort flowers also helps pull this party together.
The show begins in early spring, as a profusion of yellow flowers covers the bare branches of the forsythia, making a colorful splash against the dusky New Zealand flax. Flowers are followed by bold variegated foliage on the forsythia, creating an exciting backdrop to the bejeweled St. John’s wort with its large yellow flowers and brilliant red berries that last through fall. The New Zealand flax can hold its own during winter, when its evergreen foliage adds color, structure, and height to the quiet garden. This combination should continue to thrive for many years without the need for pruning.
New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax ‘Atropurpureum’) Tall bronze blades grow in a fan shape from this evergreen perennial, which is deer resistant and drought tolerant once established. In colder areas this may suffer significant dieback in winter, but pruning will often rejuvenate it. Grows to 5 feet tall and 3 feet wide in zones 7–11.
Fiesta forsythia (Forsythia xintermedia ‘Fiesta’) An old-fashioned shrub with a twist: variegated yellow-and-green foliage. Like its parents, this cultivar is festooned with golden yellow blooms in early spring before the leaves appear, but its size is more compact. Grows to 2–3 feet tall and 3–4 feet wide in zones 5–8, but late frosts may damage flowers buds in colder areas.
Orange Flair St. John’s wort (Hypericum androsaemum ‘Orange Flair’) This compact, semi-evergreen mounding shrub is known for its fuzzy yellow flowers that appear in summer and are followed by jewel-like red berries. It is extremely adaptable and will tolerate moist or dry soil and full sun or partial shade. Grows to 2½ feet tall and wide in zones 5–9.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 6–7 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
A garden filled with soft mounding shapes like willowleaf pear, pine, and Japanese false holly can be pleasing but predictable, even when the foliage offers interesting colors and textures. Wake things up by adding smoldering orange foxtail lilies that will explode skyward like shooting stars on a summer evening. As the slanting rays of the setting sun touch this scene, the translucent barberry leaves and foxtail lilies glow in the golden light, while the metallic silver foliage beyond twinkles like a constellation of premature stars. What will you wish for?
The Japanese false holly hides the untidy foliage of the foxtail lilies and provides twiggy support for the tall stems. When flowering has ended, the tall spikes will be cut down and the various foliage plants will resume their role as garden stars. The pine and Japanese false holly continue to provide color through the winter. To maintain this vignette, prune the shrubs for size and shape, but leave the bulbs undisturbed and allow them to naturalize.
Weeping willowleaf pear (Pyrus salicifolia ‘Pendula’) Rather ungainly when young, this small deciduous tree matures into a graceful, rounded weeping form with metallic silver leaves that shimmer in the light. White flowers in spring are followed by limited fruit production, but this is grown for foliage, not food. Prune out upward-growing branches in late winter to maintain a weeping shape. Grows to 15–25 feet tall and 10–15 feet wide in zones 4–7.
Japanese false holly (Osmanthus heterophyllus ‘Goshiki’) This easy-care shrub is deer resistant, drought tolerant once established, and—unlike English holly—does not set seed. Variegated green-and-yellow spiky foliage has new red growth tips in spring. Grows to 10 feet tall and wide in zones 6–9, but you can prune to keep it smaller or grow in a container.
Red carpet barberry (Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea ‘Red Carpet’) This variety is reported to grow just 12 inches tall and 4 feet wide, but the vignette shows it at least 2–3 feet tall, so clearly that is variable. We can all agree on the beauty of the vibrant foliage, which emerges orange-red, matures to burgundy, and turns scarlet in fall. This is a stiff, spiny shrub, so handle with care when pruning. Hardy in zones 4–8. CAUTION Before planting, make sure barberries are not invasive in your area.
Blue Shag pine (Pinus strobus ‘Blue Shag’) Over ten years this soft mounding conifer grows into a dome of long blue-green needles. Lightly shake out the old brown needles from the interior in spring. Prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Grows to 4 feet tall and wide in zones 3–8.
Cleopatra foxtail lily (Eremurus xisabellinus ‘Cleopatra’) These summer-blooming bulbs take several years to really hit their stride, but the wait is well worth it. By the third year, 5-foot spikes of apricot buds open from the base to the tip to reveal fuzzy bottlebrush-type golden flowers. The grass-like basal foliage can appear rather untidy, so obscure it with other plants. Give these spectacular flowers room to naturalize over time, as they look best in large drifts. Prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Grows to 5 feet tall and 2 feet wide in zones 5–8.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE, WELL-DRAINED ZONE 7 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Dreamy layers of whipped cream and lemon-infused sponge cake with a few chocolate nuggets create a summer dessert worthy of the most elegant dinner party. The key element is the wide-spreading yellow variegated Japanese angelica tree, whose canopy forms a distinct tier under which the smaller perennials and shrubs thrive. Both the iris and moor grass repeat the striped foliage, enhancing the theme, while the tall golden and blue conifers keep the overall texture light and airy. Dark dahlia foliage adds depth and contrast to this leafy picture frame, within which the scattering of flowers are seen. This mouthwatering vignette has it all: premium ingredients, careful mixing, and beautiful presentation.
With so many evergreen plants, this combination will look good all year. Only the grasses, dahlias, and Peruvian lilies will go dormant in winter. To add color in early spring, a mass planting of Las Vegas daffodils will continue the color scheme with their creamy white petals and yellow cups. In May the iris will have fragrant blue flowers, followed by blooms from the Peruvian lilies and finally the dahlias.
Golden Lawson’s cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ‘Lutea’) A broadly golden conifer with distinctive yellow tips. Grows to 40–50 feet tall and 12 feet wide in zones 5–7.
Variegated Japanese angelica tree (Aralia elata ‘Aureovariegata’) Tiers of pale yellow-and-white variegated leaves form a distinctive canopy on this large shrub. In late summer and fall panicles of white flowers are held above the foliage. Grows to 15 feet tall and 10 feet wide in zones 4–9.
Variegated purple moor grass (Molinia caerulea ‘Variegata’) Forming a loose mound of green-and-yellow striped blades, this softly textured perennial grass is a great addition to the landscape. In summer, 3-foot purple seed heads shoot skyward, creating a shimmery haze. Grows to 3 feet tall and 2 feet wide in zones 4–9.
Variegated sweet iris (Iris pallida ‘Argentea Variegata’) In May, lightly fragrant blue flowers rise above the foliage, but the bold evergreen blades in blue-green and yellow add color to the garden even when not in bloom. Grows to 2 feet tall in zones 3–9.
Sundance Mexican orange blossom (Choisya ternata ‘Sundance’) To prevent scorching, establish neighboring plants to protect this evergreen shrub from direct afternoon sun. This is an easy-care plant with waxy golden yellow leaves and pungent white flowers in spring, with an occasional repeat bloom in fall. Grows to 5 feet tall and wide in zones 7–10, but you can trim to keep it smaller.
Variegated Himalayan pine (Pinus wallichiana ‘Zebrina’) Long blue needles are banded with gold, the variegation becoming most noticeable in winter. Full sun also helps to bring out the best color. At maturity this conifer can reach 50 feet high, but in the home landscape it more typically grows to 15–20 feet tall and 10 feet wide in zones 5–7.
Bishop of York dahlia (Dahlia ‘Bishop of York’) Even if you’re not usually a dahlia fan, you’ll fall in love with this one for its black foliage and 3-inch-diameter apricot-gold flowers on 3-foot-tall stems. Be sure to bait for slugs in spring. Hardy in zones 7–8, but in colder climates you can lift and store indoors for the winter.
Princess Sara Peruvian lily (Alstroemeria ‘Princess Sara’) As demure as a princess, the pale yellow flowers on this low-growing perennial are blushed with pink and have distinctive maroon speckles that resemble fluttering eyelashes. With their long vase life, Peruvian lilies make exceptional cut flowers. In the garden they do best with some protection from hot sun. Hardy in zones 8–10, possibly colder with winter mulch.
SITE FULL SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 6–8 SEASON SPRING THROUGH FALL
Tying together a garden vignette through color is easy when you use repetition as your secret weapon. In this case, the deutzia demands your attention at the front and again in the distance with its glowing chartreuse-golden foliage. The spirea, with similar golden yellow hues and leaf texture, reinforces the idea of the warm tones and takes it to another exciting level with flushes of orange and lime green on the new spring growth. Two ornamental versions of edible plants add some unexpected excitement to this spring vignette. The ornamental onion’s spherical blooms dot the scene with bold purple exclamation points, and the ornamental rhubarb’s rich pink floral display stands tall and architectural at the back of the border, leading the eye deeper into the setting.
This garden is an explosion of color and textural interest that will inspire the most admiration in spring. When the ornamental onions have peaked and faded from brilliant violet to sandy beige for summer, they make wonderful accents if left in the landscape, their dried seed heads adding artistic presence through fall. To take this into summer with style, try adding blue oat grass (Helictotrichon sempervirens) to lend an evergreen element as well as the pale blue that softens gold tones in this garden.
Chardonnay Pearls deutzia (Deutzia gracilis ‘Chardonnay Pearls’) Showy yellow-green foliage grows on slightly arching branches sporting tiny fragrant, bell-shaped white flowers in spring. In summer, the citrus intensity of the leaves softens to gold for the remainder of the growing season. A great deciduous shrub for small gardens. Does best in full sun to partial shade. Grows to 2–3 feet tall and wide in zones 5–8.
Magic Carpet spirea (Spiraea japonica ‘Magic Carpet’) Celebrate spring with this vibrant, colorful shrub. The new growth glows copper-orange before fading to golden yellow, with abundant spring blooms of bright pink. Fall brings rich russet tones to the foliage for an end-of-season show. Magic Carpet is a compact shrub that fits neatly into small spaces; site in full to partial sun. Grows to 3 feet tall and wide in zones 4–9.
Ornamental onion (Allium species) This member of the onion family will not make you cry, unless it is tears of joy over its natural resistance to deer and rabbits. Plant this bulb in the fall for spring-flowering glory. The foliage dies back just as the bloom peaks on this tough and drought-tolerant beauty. Attractive to butterflies and bees, the tan autumn seed heads are highly ornamental in the garden if not cut back. Grows to 3–5 feet tall in zones 6–10.
Ornamental rhubarb (Rheum palmatum var. tanguticum) This cousin to the edible rhubarb grows colossal jagged-edged foliage that brings tons of architectural interest to the landscape and adds deep red-bronze tones to the garden in spring. The summer leaves on this deer- and rabbit-resistant plant mature to deep green with burnished red undersides just as intriguing tall fuchsia-colored bloom spikes rise up. In late summer the red shades on the foliage grow bolder for the summer finale. Prefers full sun to partial shade. Grows to 6 feet tall and 5 feet wide in zones 5–9.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL MOISTURE-RETENTIVE BUT WELL-DRAINED ZONE 9–11 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
A feathery haze of fennel foliage meanders through the middle of this sun-drenched border, edged firmly by a bold ribbon of Red Flash caladium, while broad fingers of a deep burgundy cordyline create a backdrop. Weaving informally between these is Hallmark snake flower, a long-blooming perennial whose orange floral spires rise above their chive-like foliage, punctuating the tapestry. The contrast of foliage textures and mingling saturated colors makes this a winning tropical combination.
This combination shouts summer with no apology for its brief turn as a garden star. In fall the caladium and fennel will die down, leaving only the cordyline and evergreen foliage of the snake flower. Caladium does not mind being crowded, so when it becomes dormant you could plant nasturtium or zinnia seeds over the top for a winter color splash.
Red Flash caladium (Caladium bicolor ‘Red Flash’) Red Flash is known for its oversize vibrant red leaves that have pink freckles and a wide olive green margin. An old favorite for the landscape or containers, this is one of the larger varieties that tolerates both sun and shade. Grows to 2–3 tall and 2 feet wide in zones 9–11.
Common fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Common fennel is more typically grown for culinary use, but its airy foliage also makes it a great addition to the ornamental garden. Although the umbels of yellow flowers are attractive, be aware that fennel can self-seed prolifically. Grows to 6 feet tall and 3 feet wide in zones 4–9 or enjoy as an annual.
Cordyline (Cordyline australis ‘Purpurea’) Like a burgundy palm tree, this evergreen plant rises above its surrounding neighbors. It is fairly drought tolerant but benefits from occasional summer water. Grows to 20–25 feet tall and 6–8 feet wide in zones 8–11, but may benefit from winter protection.
Hallmark snake flower (Bulbine frutescens ‘Hallmark’) Evergreen succulent foliage forms a dense mat from which spires of orange flowers emerge over many months. This is drought tolerant once established. Grows to 2 feet tall and spreads by rhizomes in zones 8–11.
SITE PARTIAL SHADE SOIL AVERAGE, WELL-DRAINED ZONE 5–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Resting against a simple picket fence, the oriental lilies scent the air with a heady perfume while their speckled pink, peach, and yellow petals suggest a romantic theme. Rising to meet them, the newly emerged upturned foliage of the andromeda echoes the warm shades of the flowers. Behind these two garden romantics the redbud willow acts as chaperone, bringing a sense of order and providing a support for the tall flowers. Its distinct pale veins link to the soft color in the lilies, offering a subtle connection.
Imagine this scene without the two shrubs. The lily would look beautiful in summer, but otherwise this border would lack interest. Framing the freckled flowers with foliage turns this into an attractive year-round vignette, where every component is even more striking for its association with others. In winter the waxy purple stems and red buds of the willow add color to the landscape, as does the evergreen andromeda.
Purity andromeda (Pieris japonica ‘Purity’) This shrub stands out from the crowd for its exquisite foliage that opens bronze, transitions to chartreuse, and matures to dark green. Add to that deep red buds and lightly fragrant white spring flowers and you have an exceptional evergreen shrub for a semi-shady spot. Grows to 4 feet tall and wide in zones 5–8.
Redbud willow (Salix fargesii) An unusual slow-growing willow, this is notable for its mahogany-colored bark and silky upright catkins that emerge from red buds. The foliage is glossy dark green with distinct veins. This deciduous shrub thrives in moisture-retentive but well-drained soil. Grows to 8 feet tall in zones 5–9.
Oriental lily (Lilium orientale) This lily was a gift many years ago, and its name is long forgotten. An ideal substitute is the Elusive lily (Lilium ‘Elusive’), which has very similar coloring and blooms in midsummer. Grows to 4–5 feet tall in zones 5–9, but provide winter mulch in colder areas.
SITE FULL SUN OR LIGHT SHADE SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 6–9 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
If you like to start the day with a glass of freshly squeezed juice, this fruity cocktail will wake you up in no time. The sharp acidic tang of the succulent chartreuse foliage tempers the sweetness of the zesty orange flowers—you will need no additional ingredients except sunshine. If one of these was diluted it would not work nearly as well; the pairing of highly saturated colors gives it the intense flavor. This combo gets even better with age, as the stonecrop will take on orange tones as the summer comes to an end.
Angelina stonecrop is a versatile and hardworking succulent. As an evergreen ground cover or container plant it makes an easy companion for a wide range of plants. While the twinspur works well for summer, you can continue the same color scheme in winter by planting a backdrop of Midwinter Fire dogwood (Cornus sanguinea ‘Midwinter Fire’), which would show off its bare stems in shades of gold, orange, and red. In a winter container, dark-leaved spurge (Euphorbia species) would be a bold choice with the added bonus of chartreuse flowers in spring. To complete the scene, Princess Irene tulips would make a stunning spring accent in the landscape or a container. This variety has burnt orange blooms with a purple flare at the base and attractive blue-green foliage that marries all the colors together.
Angelina stonecrop (Sedum rupestre ‘Angelina’) Drought-tolerant, evergreen, and colorful—this low-growing succulent deserves a spot in every garden. It propagates easily with the smallest piece rooting, so it is an inexpensive way to create an extensive sweep of ground cover. This sedum needs well-drained soil in a sunny spot, but will also take average moisture and partial shade. Grows to 6 inches tall and spreads in zones 6–9.
Darla Orange twinspur (Diascia barberae ‘Darla Orange’) Whether you grow this as an annual or a tender perennial you will love the bold splash of color it adds to the summer garden. Ideal as a ground cover or for edging baskets and containers, this variety is remarkably heat tolerant and is a favorite of hummingbirds. Grows to 12 inches tall and 2 feet wide in zones 8–9 or enjoy as an annual.
SITE PARTIAL SUN, PARTIAL SHADE SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 6–8 SEASON SPRING THROUGH FALL
These ornamental onions may be fading in color, but they still add plenty of drama to the garden. With assistance from some artistic metal supports, the large spheres stand tall to contrast with the grid design on the trellis and punctuate the distinct horizontal layers of the tree. Meanwhile, their dusky color and shape mimics the flower buds on the hydrangea, enhancing the shrub’s ornamental status early in the season. A skirt of soft golden grasses hides the spent onion leaves and contrasts with the color and texture of adjacent foliage. All these elements work together in part because of their transparency, which allows for interaction without any one feature dominating or hiding another.
The dried onion seed heads will last well into the summer, by which time the hydrangea will be in full bloom, its flowers offering an extended display as they dry on the shrub. Winter interest relies on the skeletal silhouette of the wedding cake tree and trellises. You could plant Merlin hellebore (Helleborus xballardiae Gold Collection Merlin) between the onions to add deep cranberry winter flowers and low-growing evergreen foliage.
Wedding cake tree (Cornus controversa ‘Variegata’) With a distinctive branching pattern that resembles tiers of a wedding cake, this graceful tree features green-and-white variegated foliage that turns purple in fall and white summer flowers that set blue-black berries. Prefers full sun but benefits from some afternoon shade in hotter climates. Grows to 20 feet tall and wide in zones 4–8.
All Gold Japanese forest grass (Hakonechloa macra ‘All Gold’) This herbaceous grass needs protection from hot afternoon sun. It forms a graceful clump of golden yellow foliage that thrives in containers and shade gardens. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 4–9.
Sargent’s hydrangea (Hydrangea aspera subsp. sargentiana) A giant in the hydrangea world, this collector’s favorite prefers afternoon shade. Magnificent fuzzy gray-green leaves support oversize lacecap-type white-and-purple flowers in summer. Grows to 10 feet tall and wide in zones 6–9.
Giant onion (Allium giganteum) A deer-resistant and drought-tolerant bulb for the garden. Each stalk grows to 3–6 feet tall, culminating in a globe-shaped purple flower 4 inches in diameter. As the flowers fade to tan they dry in situ, continuing to add a decorative touch to the garden for many months. Remove tattered leaves and be prepared to stake the heavy stems. Prefers partial to full sun and very well-drained soil. Grows to 3–6 feet tall in zones 6–10; plant in drifts for the best effect.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE TO DRY ZONE 4–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Find your inner wild child with this playful combo. Crayola colors set the scene with a red barberry, blue juniper, and yellow highlights from both the spirea and golden locust tree. Sprinkled throughout and giving the wowza attitude is the flirty Paprika yarrow. Look more closely and notice how the yellow flower stamens repeat the color of the foliage and the fine gold margin on the barberry. Serious spicy sassitude.
This is a brazen display almost all year, with the colorful new barberry and spirea growth in spring and equally bright show in fall. The yarrow blooms in waves throughout the warmer months, each flower aging from scarlet to cream, giving a multicolored effect. The cool blue juniper holds it all together and adds winter color. To maintain this look, thin the yarrow after a few years or it will start to grow into the shrubs.
Golden Ruby barberry (Berberis thunbergii ‘Golden Ruby’) This dwarf mounding shrub has spring and fall foliage in a medley of fiery orange and deep red, while in summer a narrow gold margin accents the deep burgundy. Rabbit and deer resistant as well as drought tolerant. Grows to 12 inches tall and 2 feet wide in zones 4–8. CAUTION Before planting, make sure barberries are not invasive in your area.
Blue Star juniper (Juniperus squamata ‘Blue Star’) An outstanding dwarf conifer with attractive blue foliage, this juniper is drought tolerant once established, and deer and rabbits ignore it. Grows to 2 feet tall and 3–4 feet wide in zones 4–8.
Double Play Gold spirea (Spiraea japonica ‘Double Play Gold’) This spirea is almost as sassy as its floral companion. Copper and gold leaves are topped with hot pink flowers in summer—if the deer don’t assist with trimming. The good news is that gardeners have the last laugh: once deadheaded, this shrub continues to push out new coppery foliage. Fall color is soft yellow, an exciting contrast to the barberry. Drought tolerant once established. Grows to 3–4 feet tall and wide in zones 4–9, but you (or the deer) can prune to keep it smaller.
Golden locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Frisia’) Add sunshine to your garden even on gray days with the golden yellow foliage of this tree. It grows quickly, so even though the branches are brittle and may suffer wind damage, it quickly fills in. Adapts easily to many soil types. Grows to 30–50 feet tall and 20 feet wide in zones 4–9.
Paprika yarrow (Achillea millefolium ‘Paprika’) Easy to grow and to love, this drought-tolerant, sun-loving perennial has fern-like gray foliage. Stems carry an abundance of flowers that open vivid red and slowly fade to cream. Grows to 2 feet tall and 3 feet wide or more in zones 3–9.
SITE FULL SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 6–8 SEASON SPRING THROUGH FALL
Glittering and golden, this original garden design promotes the use of resplendent foliage as a wonderful base against which flowers in shades of blues and violets can sparkle. The long, pointed leaves of the comfrey create the perfect textural contrast for the ornate foliage of the tansy, while the oval leaves of the billowy smoke bush add another shape in the same color theme but with just a tinge of apricot blush on the new growth. Visual pauses of spring green give the eye a place to rest between all these gold sparkles.
The flowers in this scene bloom primarily in spring, but the foliage is going to look great from the day it emerges until well into fall before losing its luster. Adding more violet and purple flowers—such as tall garden phlox (Phlox paniculata ‘Nicky’ or ‘Purple Kiss’) and New England aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae ‘Purple Dome’)—for the late summer and early fall show would take this display to the next level. As the smoke bush matures, pruning it each spring will ensure that this fast-growing shrub will not overshadow the rest of these sun-loving plants.
Axminster Gold Russian comfrey (Symphytum xuplandicum ‘Axminster Gold’) Making a statement in the garden is easy with this vigorous herbaceous perennial. Broad leaves with a gray-green center sport a showy margin that ranges from yellow to gold. Bell-shaped mauve-pink flowers rise up on tall stems above the rosette of foliage in spring or early summer. Cut back after blooming to encourage the growth of fresh new foliage and more flowers. This deer-resistant plant attracts butterflies and prefers moisture-retentive but well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade. Grows to 4–5 feet tall and wide in zones 4–9.
Golden Spirit smoke bush (Cotinus coggygria ‘Golden Spirit’) A deciduous large-scale shrub or small tree in the landscape with a multistemmed growth habit and glowing golden foliage. Fall’s cooler temperatures bring touches of amber and burgundy to the leaves of this fast-growing voluptuous plant. Prefers full sun to partial shade. Grows to 10–12 feet tall and wide in zones 4–8, but you can keep it smaller with judicious pruning.
Isla Gold tansy (Tanacetum vulgare ‘Isla Gold’) The lacy, deer-resistant foliage emerges bright chartreuse in spring and retains the color through fall. Unlike other tansy, this polite version of the herbaceous perennial will not spread by seeding around the garden. Button-like flowers appear in summer, but some gardeners prefer to prune off in favor of the ferny foliage. This easy plant does best in average soil in full sun to partial shade. Grows to 1–3 feet tall in zones 3–8.
Ornamental onion (Allium species) Part of the onion family, this remarkable spring bulb offers up a royal purple ball of flowers on a tall stalk that features the blooms perfectly above other plants. Deer resistance is a huge benefit for this showy bloom. Attractive to butterflies and bees, the seed heads are highly ornamental in the garden if you do not cut them back. Performs best in full sun. Grows to 3–5 feet tall in zones 6–10.
Mountain bluet (Centaurea montana) Two-inch-wide spidery blue cornflowers with violet-red centers appear on this clumping perennial in late spring above narrow gray-green foliage. If you prune after the first flush of bloom, it will often produce another set of flowers in early fall. Makes a wonderfully hardy cut flower. This low-maintenance perennial is drought tolerant in average soils and prefers full sun. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 3–8.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 7–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
A constellation of starry soft pink flowers is eye-catching enough, but when framed by beautiful foliage it is transformed into a memorable vignette. The fuzzy new white leaves of the rhododendron appear to point upward to the dogwood blooms, while the creamy white-and-green variegated Italian buckthorn repeats the softer tones and adds a finely textured backdrop to show off the bold flowers. The result is a dreamy galaxy of foliage and flowers that you will look forward to every year.
This scene changes with the seasons but always has something exciting to offer. By late summer the ripening dogwood fruit will dangle from the branches like fat red strawberries. Orange and red foliage on the dogwood will be a fall highlight, while the winter garden will rely on the two evergreen shrubs for interest. In spring the rhododendron will bloom with flowers that open pink and mature to white, fading just as the dogwood begins its colorful display once again.
Variegated Italian buckthorn (Rhamnus alaternus ‘Argenteovariegata’) This evergreen Mediterranean shrub needs full sun and well-drained soil to flourish and reach its mature size. Each small, rounded gray-green leaf has a distinct creamy white margin that somewhat camouflages the pale spring flowers, although the red berries show up well later in the season. Grows to 8–10 feet tall and 4–10 feet wide in zones 7–9.
Van Zile rhododendron (Rhododendron yakushimanum ‘Van Zile’) This yak hybrid is both compact and slow growing. The flowers open with pink highlights but quickly mature to pure white. Of special interest to the designer is the felted white indumentum on the new leaves, which lasts throughout the summer. The dogwood tree protects the evergreen rhododendron from the direct afternoon sun. Grows to 4 feet tall and 6 feet wide in zones 5–8.
Satomi kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa ‘Satomi’) Known for its abundant rose-pink flowers in June, this deciduous tree is a popular choice for smaller landscapes. As it matures it exhibits a graceful layered branching pattern that shows off the flowers to perfection. Edible red fruits and rich fall foliage colors add to the ornamental value of this disease-resistant cultivar. Thrives in full sun or partial shade. Grows to 12–15 feet tall and wide in zones 5–8.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 6–7 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Here is a great idea to try in your own garden: draw attention to a plant that is having its moment of glory by literally framing it. The weathered patina of an old metal picture frame enhances and highlights the brightly marbled new growth on the Rose Glow barberry. The surrounding blue and green foliage of the blueberry and spruce add cooler notes, further emphasizing the warm barberry colors.
The beauty of this idea is that it is portable. The frame has been welded onto metal tubing legs that you can push into the ground, so you can move it to showcase different plants in other seasons. This particular vignette will continue to get fuller and richer as the blueberry grows to fill the void at the base of the frame. In spring the pink-tinted blueberry flowers will play into the color scheme perfectly, while the summer berries will enhance the blue foliage. As the barberry loses its leaves in fall, the semi-evergreen blueberry foliage turns deep burgundy.
Rose Glow barberry (Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea ‘Rose Glow’) This thorny deciduous shrub opens burgundy, but the new growth quickly takes on marbled pink-and-white splashes. For the brightest color, prune in late winter. To achieve the best effect, allow this deer-resistant and drought-tolerant shrub to grow into a natural fountain. Grows to 4 feet tall and wide in zones 4–8. CAUTION Before planting, make sure barberries are not invasive in your area.
Dwarf Serbian spruce (Picea omorika ‘Nana’) A perfect accent shrub for the garden, this compact evergreen spruce forms a dense globe-shaped mound. The short blue-green needles have distinct white stripes on the undersides. Grows to 4–8 feet tall and wide in zones 4–7.
Bountiful Blue blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum ‘Bountiful Blue’) Known for its bright blue foliage, this semi-evergreen shrub produces an abundance of sweet summer berries even without a second variety nearby. Needs acidic soil with regular water. Grows to 3–4 feet tall and wide in zones 6–10.
Weathered metal picture frame Hunt thrift stores for something similar, then weld on metal tubing or rebar for legs.
SITE FULL SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 5–7 SEASON SPRING THROUGH FALL
Timing is everything. The eye moves easily through this scene, captured in late spring, from the vivid pink foliage of the Japanese maple in the background to the translucent tulips at the front of the border, glancing lightly on the new growth of the spirea along the way. Just a few weeks earlier and all those shades of pink would have been closer to crimson; a few weeks later and the tulips would be gone. This ephemeral vignette plays with color to both capture and celebrate the season.
As this scene moves through the color spectrum during the year, each season has its own unique identity. By midsummer, the hot pinks of spring are just a memory, the maple foliage is green, and the tulips are long gone. The spirea assumes greater importance as the soft gold leaves frame clusters of pink flowers that bloom in waves over many weeks. As fall approaches, the maple introduces a fresh palette of orange, gold, and bronze, which the spirea echoes. Only in winter is the scene silent, pausing the cycle of color until spring returns. In many regions you will have to replant the tulips annually, but the maple and spirea will coexist easily for a lifetime.
Shishio Improved Japanese maple (Acer palmatum ‘Shishio Improved’) A graceful multibranched tree that works equally well as a container plant as it does for the landscape. Crimson foliage in early spring softens to the vivid pink seen here, which lasts until summer, when the leaves turn green. Autumn is equally vibrant as the foliage transitions through orange, yellow, and bronze. Grows to 7–9 feet tall and 6–8 feet wide in zones 5–9.
Magic Carpet spirea (Spiraea japonica ‘Magic Carpet’) Colorful foliage and flowers make this deciduous shrub easy to love. New spring leaves are copper colored, maturing to a soft gold in summer and adding orange-red to the mix in fall. Flat clusters of pink flowers attract bees and butterflies in summer. Grows to 3 feet tall and wide in zones 4–9.
Perestroyka tulip (Tulipa ‘Perestroyka’) This is no ordinary pink tulip: the large lily-shaped flowers open scarlet with coral and yellow accents before maturing to salmon pink. Makes excellent cut flowers. Grows to 24–30 inches tall in zones 3–7.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL DRY ZONE 9–11 OR ANNUALS SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Aim to highlight, rather than overwhelm, the sculptural form of this curvaceous container with rusted ring detail. Plant a soft fountain of purple grass to one side, echoing the color and adding height, while a froth of silver licorice plant caresses the base. The subtle juxtaposition of the glossy pot against the matte leaves shows a true designer touch. This simple foliage picture frame transforms an empty container into an elegant focal point.
For many gardeners both these plants are annuals, making this a spring-through-fall vignette that would require replanting each year. As an alternative, substitute the perennial Silver Brocade wormwood (Artemisia stelleriana ‘Silver Brocade’) for the licorice plant and Shenandoah switch grass (Panicum virgatum ‘Shenandoah’) for the fountain grass—both will return after winter dormancy. The frost-resistant container can stay outside year-round in more temperate climates, where it adds color to the winter landscape.
Purple fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’) Narrow purple blades form a loose fountain from which pink, tan, and purple foxtail like plumes rise in summer. This makes a great container plant or garden accent. Grows to 3–4 feet tall and wide in zones 8–11 or enjoy as an annual.
Licorice plant (Helichrysum petiolare) This vigorous grower has felted silver leaves and makes a wonderful sprawling ground cover for hot, dry gardens. It is rather too robust for containers and hanging baskets, as it will quickly overrun its companions. Grows to 10 inches tall and 3 feet wide or more in zones 9–11 or enjoy as an annual.
Purple container A frost-resistant high-fired ceramic container in rich purple with a speckled blue underglaze. While any glossy purple container would work, the shapely silhouette and iron ring feature make this a perfect candidate for such a simple treatment. This pot is 20 inches tall and wide.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL DRY ZONE 9–10 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
This collection of spiky cactus and cactus-like plants would be a jumble of conflicting silhouettes without the solid backdrop of this muted ochre wall. Light transforms this scene into something truly spectacular as the harsh summer sun streams through the overhead canopy, casting long shadows in the desert garden.
Most plants retain color year-round, so this may appear to be a fairly static combination. Yet as the arc of the sun changes, the shadows will soften and elongate, adding a subtle shift of atmosphere and color. The plants still offer seasonal changes, with the ocotillo flowering with tubular scarlet blooms after rainfall, the prickly pear cactus bearing magenta-red flowers in spring, and the agave also projecting tall flowering spikes toward the summer sky.
Blue myrtle cactus (Myrtillocactus geometrizans) Resembling a spiky blue-gray candelabra, this is a slow-growing multibranched cactus. Grows to 25 feet tall and wide in zones 9–10.
Lechuguilla agave (Agave lechuguilla) This extremely cold-hardy plant is native to southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. A 10-foot flowering stalk appears from the fleshy basal rosette of mature plants in late summer, after which the parent plant dies but young plants are produced at the base. Grows to 12–18 inches tall and wide in zones 9–10.
Beavertail prickly pear cactus (Opuntia basilaris) A spineless, drought-tolerant, clumping cactus that adds color to the desert garden with brilliant magenta-red flowers that appear at the tips in spring. Grows to 6 feet wide in zones 8–10.
Ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens) This cactus-like plant has spiny stems that flesh out after a rain (which also brings out long scarlet flowers). It blooms between late spring and early fall, and is a favorite of hummingbirds. When the dry season returns, the foliage drops once again. The cycle repeats during the year. Grows to 30 feet tall and 15 feet wide in zones 8–11.
Painted wall No flowers or frills are needed to complete this scene—just a solid canvas on which to project shadows and define silhouettes. This muted paint color works well with the blue-gray tones of the cactus, enhancing but not competing with the plants.
SITE PARTIAL SUN, PARTIAL SHADE SOIL AVERAGE ZONE ANNUALS SEASON SPRING THROUGH FALL
These lettuce are too beautiful to be confined to the vegetable garden. With colors ranging from deepest purple to fresh green as well as attractive speckled varieties, these designer salad crops can hold their own on the patio or at the front of a border. Broad flat leaves jostle with tight curly forms and looser wavy ones, creating a bountiful bowl on which to sprinkle edible flowers. Introducing orange and gold blooms to the mix adds fun, flair, and flavor, tempting even the pickiest diners to finish their salads.
All these plants will grow quickly once the sun warms the soil, and you can harvest from spring until fall, especially if you reseed the lettuce at intervals during the season. In high summer, some lettuce types will bolt, at which point the leaves will develop a bitter taste and are best added to the compost pile. These plants are annuals, so the edible display will be over in fall.
Flashy Trout Back lettuce (Lactuca sativa ‘Flashy Trout Back’) This Austrian heirloom romaine lettuce is splattered with maroon freckles and has a buttery flavor.
Salanova Red Sweet Crisp Frisee (Lactuca sativa ‘Salanova Red Sweet Crisp Frisee’) The frilly deep red leaves are crisp and flavorful.
Cherokee lettuce (Lactuca sativa ‘Cherokee’) A popular dark-leaf variety valued for its bolt resistance and crisp, nutty flavor.
You can grow all lettuce from seed started indoors. Transplant outside when all danger of frost has passed or when you can sow directly into warm soil. Some varieties bolt in high temperatures and others may scorch, so it is ideal to grow them in the shade of taller crops, such as tomatoes or beans. Harvest individual leaves as desired or entire lettuce heads, leaving the root in place (it may regrow). Bait for slugs if necessary, but otherwise these are trouble free.
French marigold (Tagetes patula) Easy to grow and a favorite of gardeners for decades; use the edible flowers to decorate salads and cakes. Anecdotal evidence suggests that marigolds repel some types of nematodes and are therefore recommended for planting near tomatoes or other plants that are prone to such attacks. Grows to 6–10 inches tall; many named varieties of this annual are available.
Dahlia (Dahlia species) Dahlias grown from seed and sold in bedding packs are typically treated as annuals, their variety name often unknown. If you want a specific color, wait until they are in bud to purchase. These flowers are also edible and have a spicy, tangy flavor that can add some punch as well as color to a salad bowl. Grows to 10–20 inches tall, depending on variety.
Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) Perhaps one of the best-known annuals, nasturtiums are easy to grow and a popular addition to hanging baskets or colorful ground cover. You can direct sow the seed or start it indoors. Both foliage and flowers are edible and have a peppery flavor.
SITE PARTIAL SUN, FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE, MOISTURE-RETENTIVE ZONE 7–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Who doesn’t love a bargain? This mosaic vase came from a discount store, and the price was further reduced because of some minor damage. In the garden, the unexpected sky blue shards draw the eye and allow the viewer to appreciate the butterflies and sunflower details. Playing off those gold and orange shades, an assortment of foliage plants adds texture and setting. Apricot wallflowers add the finishing touch, evoking a sunny meadow for the butterflies to enjoy.
The evergreen laurel and sweet flag foliage ensure interest in this part of the garden year-round, but it will look best between spring and fall, when you can place the vase outdoors. To extend the orange flowers into summer, plant the dwarf orange sneezeweed (Helenium ‘Short ‘n’ Sassy’) nearby. Prune all the shrubs regularly to maintain this vignette, and thin the sweet flag every three years.
Ogon Japanese sweet flag (Acorus gramineus ‘Ogon’) This low-growing evergreen grass does best in partial shade but will also grow in full sun with plenty of moisture, including shallow standing water. The arching fan shape of the variegated gold leaves makes this a winner for containers as well as a ground cover. Grows to 12 inches tall and wide in zones 5–9.
Otto Luyken English laurel (Prunus laurocerasus ‘Otto Luyken’) Growing in full sun to partial shade, this dwarf form of English laurel is ideal for low hedges and takes pruning well. Glossy evergreen leaves and fragrant spring flowers ensure this looks good year-round. Grows to 3 feet tall and 6 feet wide in zones 6–9, but you can prune to keep it smaller.
Golden barberry (Berberis thunbergii ‘Aurea’) The foliage of this deciduous shrub is a loose fountain that turns chartreuse in partial shade, as seen here, but is brighter in more light (although it may scorch in full sun). Grows to 5 feet tall and wide in zones 5–8, or you can prune it smaller. CAUTION Before planting, make sure barberries are not invasive in your area.
Red leaf barberry (Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea) In full sun this thorny deciduous shrub will be a much deeper shade of burgundy; in this partly shaded setting the overall color is olive green with red highlights. Grows to 5 feet tall and wide in zones 4–8 when unpruned, but you can easily keep it smaller. CAUTION Before planting, make sure barberries are not invasive in your area.
Fragrant Star wallflower (Erysimum ‘Fragrant Star’) This variety of wallflower bridges the design gap, offering outstanding variegated foliage and highly fragrant yellow flowers. The blooms are sterile and produced over an extended period of time on a compact, bushy, semi-evergreen shrub. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 6–9.
Mosaic vase Although not suitable for leaving outside during the winter, this delightful vase adds a splash of color and fun to the garden from spring until fall. For special occasions, play up the sunflower motif and add a bouquet of cut flowers.
Apricot Twist wallflower (Erysimum ‘Apricot Twist’) Soft gray-green foliage sets off the purple buds and fragrant apricot-orange blooms. In mild winter areas this evergreen shrub will grow into a compact, mounding shrub, but cutting back by half after flowering will encourage this tidy habit. Does best in well-drained soil and a hot, sunny location. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 7–9, possibly colder.
SITE PARTIAL SUN, PARTIAL SHADE SOIL AVERAGE, WELL-DRAINED ZONE 6–8 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Clustered together, these interesting shrubs create a perfect nest for this little bird, which seems ready to take flight. The color connections in this vignette are subtle yet powerful. The thin gold margin on the barberry echoes the prominent golden fir needles, while the color of the unusual bronze rhododendron is repeated in the whimsical rusted metal sculpture. Adding a cool touch to the otherwise rich palette is the Blue Star juniper, whose finely textured foliage completes the scene.
All the shrubs except the barberry are evergreen, so this design provides color all year, yet each season offers subtle changes. In spring the new growth on the fir will be a vibrant gold, creating a dramatic contrast with the bold red shades of the barberry and rhododendron. Lavender-pink rhododendron flowers pack a startling color punch to the mix later in spring. As the barberry foliage matures, a ring of gold appears, fading to taupe by autumn, when the leaves take on bold shades of orange-red.
Golden Spreader Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana ‘Golden Spreader’) A compact, well-branched, low-mounding conifer that emerges brilliant gold in spring before maturing to yellow. This is an ideal accent shrub in a mixed border. In colder climates, mulch around the root zone may be beneficial. Grows to 4 feet tall and wide in zones 4–8.
Golden Ruby barberry (Berberis thunbergii ‘Golden Ruby’) This low-maintenance, drought-tolerant, and deer- and rabbit-resistant barberry has all the expected attributes of its relatives. Add to that rich red foliage with a lighter margin and a dwarf, compact habit and this becomes an invaluable addition to even a small garden. Grows to 12 inches tall and 2 feet wide in zones 4–8. CAUTION Before planting, make sure barberries are not invasive in your area.
Blue Star juniper (Juniperus squamata ‘Blue Star’) A favorite conifer for its soft gray-blue color and ability to look at home in a container or the landscape. Grows to 2 feet tall and 3–4 feet wide in zones 4–8.
Ebony Pearl rhododendron (Rhododendron ‘Ebony Pearl’) A truly unique rhododendron with glossy evergreen leaves that glow rich burgundy in spring before maturing to green. In spring, bold lavender-pink flowers add to the display. This rhododendron needs consistent moisture. Grows to 3 feet tall and wide in zones 6–9.
Metal bird sculpture Just a few inches tall, this funky rusted sculpture is perfect for adding a whimsical touch to the carefully composed foliage combination, while its bronzed patina emphasizes the unusual foliage of the similarly colored rhododendron.
SITE FULL SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL POTTING SOIL ZONE 5–8 SEASON SPRING THROUGH FALL
As pretty as a frothy pink party dress, this feminine combination will appeal to gardeners who want lots of flowers. The foliage of the two flowering plants contribute little to the design, so it was important to include the assortment of silver, cream, and purple leaves. The oversize silver lamb’s ears and a large succulent rosette also help balance the smaller-textured foliage and create a focal point.
Although the deutzia, lamb’s ears, and purple sedum look good from spring until fall, many of the other plants are treated as annuals, so this is primarily a summer display. Come fall, it is time to dismantle the container: transplant the perennials and deutzia into the garden and set the pot to one side for the winter.
Bella Grigio lamb’s ears (Stachys ‘Bella Grigio’) This is the overachiever of lamb’s ears, offering foliage that is even softer, more silvery, and more vigorous than our old cottage garden favorite. It grows quickly into large clumps, making a stunning ground cover or container specimen, although you may need to trim it several times in a mixed container to stop it from swallowing its neighbors. It likes full sun or dappled shade and well-drained soil with occasional watering. Grows to 18 inches tall and wide in zones 5–9.
Sunburst aeonium (Aeonium decorum ‘Sunburst’) Large rosettes in soft green and creamy yellow stand tall on stout stems. In full sun these take on a pink margin, playing beautifully to the color scheme. Grows to 18 inches tall and wide in zones 9–11, but will stay smaller as a seasonal container plant in cooler climates.
Sedum (Sedum variety) Although the exact variety of this dusky purple sedum is not known, you can easily find several with a similar habit and color, such as Chocolate Drop and Vera Jameson. All are perennials that are hardy in zones 4–9 or colder.
Fireworks fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum ‘Fireworks’) While hardy in zones 9–11, cooler-climate gardeners can still enjoy this as a colorful annual grass. The blades are striped hot pink, burgundy, green, and white, the color intensifying during the summer just as the purple tassels appear. Grows to 3 feet tall and 2 feet wide where hardy, but usually smaller as an annual.
Crème Fraiche deutzia (Deutzia gracilis ‘Crème Fraiche’) This is a dwarf deciduous shrub for the landscape or container that blooms with a profusion of white flowers in spring and boasts resistance to deer. The variegated foliage is a clean white and green, although some branches occasionally revert to solid green and must be cut off. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 5–8.
Pink Wonder fan flower (Scaevola aemula ‘Pink Wonder’) An exceptional annual that blooms profusely from spring until fall in full sun or partial shade. The fan-shaped clear pink flowers do not need deadheading, and the plant is drought tolerant and heat resistant. It will meander through and trail from containers and baskets and is hardy only in zones 10–11, so usually enjoyed as an annual.
Bacopa (Sutera cordata) This is a favorite for adding to containers with its trailing habit and starry white flowers that bloom all summer in full sun or partial sun. Bacopa is hardy in zones 9–11, but will often overwinter in cooler climates—cut back hard in spring to rejuvenate it or enjoy as an annual.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL POTTING SOIL ZONE 3–7 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
How do you add oomph to a mature border? By adding a big, fat pot with bold foliage that stands out from the crowd. The container is planted with the cooling silver tones of cork bark fir and wormwood, which contrast easily with the more traditional green, burgundy, and gold shrubs beyond. Rich orange daisies add a wild blast of color that gives the scene a playful touch, while their silver leaves mingle easily with the other container plants. The subtle connection between the paler fir needles and golden foliage in the border helps move the eye through the space. What could have been a predictable composition is now a powerful focal point.
This rustic brown container will add interest to the garden year-round, as will the featured cork bark fir, which fills the visual gap when the herbaceous wormwood is dormant. Where the African daisy is treated as an annual, you have an opportunity to be creative. Try adding a layer of beach glass in shades of aqua and white to top-dress the soil in winter. Adding a piece of landscape fabric underneath will stop the glass from sinking and prevent perlite from the potting soil from rising to the surface and spoiling the display. Eventually the conifer’s girth will leave little room for companion plants, at which point you can add the wormwood to the garden.
Cork bark fir (Abies lasiocarpa ‘Glauca Compacta’, also sold as Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica ‘Glauca Compacta’) This sturdy dwarf fir has a dense pyramidal habit and is known for its silver-blue needles. In spring the new growth emerges a soft yellow, creating a striking color contrast. Grows to 8 feet tall and 6 feet wide in zones 3–7.
Silver Mound wormwood (Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’) This drought-tolerant perennial forms a soft, fluffy mound of finely dissected silver foliage. To keep it compact, you may need to shear partway through summer, but it will quickly regrow. Deer ignore the aromatic leaves. Thrives in lean, dry soil and full sun. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 3–8.
Pumpkin Pie African daisy (Arctotis ‘Pumpkin Pie’) There is no ignoring this bold orange daisy with its dark chocolate eye. Silvery foliage adds interest even when not in bloom, but you can expect this drought-tolerant hybrid to bloom profusely all season, especially if you remove old flower heads. Grows to 14 inches tall and almost as wide in zones 9–11 or enjoy as an annual.
SITE SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 5–9 SEASON SPRING, FALL
There is no need for garish hues when you have layer upon layer of lush green trees and shrubs overflowing with texture, as in this creek-side design. The color you do get comes from the frothy white blooms of two voluptuous spirea set wide apart. They lead your eye to the superstar of this composition, the feathery dawn redwood. It rises up in a glow of green light, where its verdant gold-green texture holds court all summer long, impressing even those who longed for gaudiness.
Do you choose the pinnacle of perfection for this design as spring, when the spirea is in full bloom and the redwood is at its ferny soft green best? Or would you prefer this combination in fall, when the spirea is showing off its copper, orange, gold, and even purple colors and the redwood has turned to rich russets and warm golds? It might be a tough choice, but over the winter the structure of both will hold your interest until you decide.
Gold Rush dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides ‘Gold Rush’) Standout golden foliage is the wow factor on this tree, known for its monstrous Redwood Forest cousins. Gold Rush, however, is less imposing and workable for many neighborhood landscapes, and is very slow growing. This unique deciduous conifer prefers partial to full sun and will go from a citrus golden hue to a rich rusty tone before it loses its needles in fall. Grows to 50 feet tall and 20 feet wide in zones 5–10.
Bridal wreath spirea (Spiraea xvanhouttei) Long, gracefully arching branches hold the prolific cascading white blooms on this large-scale, low-maintenance shrub. Butterflies and bees love it, and the fall color of the foliage is fantastic. The deep blue-green of spring and summer develops into attractive yellow-orange to purple hues for multiple-season interest. Blooms best in full sun, but also tolerates partial sun well. Grows to 9 feet tall and wide in zones 5–9.
SITE PARTIAL SUN, PARTIAL SHADE SOIL AVERAGE ZONE 6–7 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Melt-in-your-mouth deliciousness is what we have here. The rich burgundy foliage of the Japanese maple augments the rosy tones of the rhododendron buds and the striking dark red speckles at the throat of each flower. Meanwhile, the conifer adds cooling tones of green and a new texture to the scene, its stiff needles contrasting with the soft maple foliage and leathery rhododendron leaves.
Together these three mounding shrubs offer year-round interest, each plant taking its turn in the limelight. Late spring sees the rhododendron as the winning flavor of the month, the yellow blooms enhanced and framed by its two foliage companions. As the flowers fade the summer view is subtler, but the fresh green growth of the rhododendron shows up well against the burgundy maple and adds a mini taste blast, like peppermint after a rich meal. In autumn the Crimson Queen maple adds some heat to the menu as the leaves turn a vibrant shade of red, while the winter scene is more about structure and the evergreen foliage of the rhododendron and pine.
Crimson Queen Japanese maple (Acer palmatum var. dissectum ‘Crimson Queen’) This popular Japanese maple grows as a soft mound, thriving in full sun to partial shade. The deeply dissected foliage adds rich shades of burgundy to the garden in spring and summer before turning bright scarlet in fall. Grows to 10 feet tall and 13 feet wide in zones 5–8.
Mugo pine (Pinus mugo) One of the easiest pines to grow, these compact shrubs are known for their stiff branches densely clothed in 2-inch-long needles. However, left unpruned they can become ungainly. For a smaller garden, select one of the named dwarf cultivars, such as Mops, that does not need pruning. Does best in full to partial sun. Grows to 15 feet tall and 25 feet wide in zones 2–7.
Buttered Popcorn rhododendron (Rhododendron ‘Buttered Popcorn’) The rosy buds of this hybrid open to trumpet-shaped yellow flowers, the petal margins suffused with pink while deep burgundy speckles create a distinctive eye. This mound usually blooms in June and prefers protection from afternoon sun. Grows to 4 feet tall and wide in zones 6–8.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL AVERAGE, WELL-DRAINED ZONE 6–9 SEASON YEAR-ROUND
Growing on a high bluff, this combination not only copes with onshore breezes but also looks all the more dreamy for its tousled effect. Billowing fountains of shimmering Mexican feather grass act as buffers and provide gentle support to the slender flower stems of the cupid’s dart and flowering tobacco plants, while also creating a translucent meadow-inspired backdrop to showcase each delicate blue-and-white bloom. Originally grown for a garden wedding several years ago, their self-seeding habit has ensured fragrant, romantic memories with which to celebrate each anniversary.
This expansive planting of Mexican feather grass acts as nature’s barometer, with movement and color indicating changes in the weather. Interwoven self-seeded clumps of old-fashioned flowers are a summer highlight, bringing color and perfume to the scene as well as rekindling fond memories of when they were first planted. To encourage the blooms’ continuance, do not deadhead: when they die back in fall, the grasses will continue to add interest through winter.
Mexican feather grass (Stipa tenuissima, also sold as Nassella tenuissima) Thriving in full sun and dry soil, this soft evergreen grass grows as a loose fountain that moves easily in the breeze. Rake the foliage with your fingers to remove tangled seed heads in late summer. Grows to 2½ feet tall and wide in zones 6–10. CAUTION This grass can self-seed easily in ideal conditions. Before planting, make sure it is not invasive in your area.
Cupid’s dart (Catananche caerulea) An old-fashioned perennial that still earns its place in today’s gardens. Drought-tolerant, deer-resistant, and an enchanting cut flower, it pushes out dozens of periwinkle flowers from silvery capsules all summer long. It often proves to be short lived but tends to self-seed in all the right places to compensate. Prefers full sun and well-drained soil. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 4–9.
Flowering tobacco plant (Nicotiana alata) Releasing their jasmine fragrance in the late afternoon and evening, these pure white flowers are a favorite for the cutting garden. In mild winters the plants may be perennial, regrowing in spring from the root, but they are usually considered annuals. Does best in average soil in full sun or light shade. Grows to 3–4 feet tall and 2–3 feet wide.
SITE SUN, PARTIAL SUN SOIL RICH, WELL-DRAINED ZONE 10–11 OR ANNUALS SEASON YEAR-ROUND OR SUMMER ONLY
This design begs for loud music, dancing, fun food, and happy people. The hot tropical colors of the copperleaf foliage make it clear that this is not an attention-shunning wallflower. This plant is all about being the life and soul of the party as it mingles and leans splashy colored foliage over the low-key but fun-loving revelers. The broad, lush green foliage of the glory bower brings a cool respite from the action while wearing some party-perfect jewelry in the form of electric orange-red bloom clusters that glow brightly even as the lights dim.
Those who live in warm climates get to enjoy this combination at its peak in winter and spring, when the glory bower blooms heaviest (although it will flower sporadically at other times of the year as well). The foliage framework ensures drama even when its floral partner is not in bloom. Cooler-climate gardeners can enjoy this dazzling duo as a summer extravaganza.
Copperleaf (Acalypha wilkesiana) Copperleaf is a popular tropical or tender perennial that provides color throughout the year in a wide range of cultivars. Under ideal, frost-free conditions copperleaf grows as a spreading evergreen shrub with upright branches that originate near the base. This plant loves rich, fast-draining soil and partial shade to partial sun. Grows to 10 feet tall and wide in zones 10–11, but has been known to overwinter in zone 9.
Java glory bower (Clerodendrum speciosissimum) Glory bowers are grown mostly for their colorful clusters of tubular fragrant flowers that people and butterflies adore. This particular one produces soft, downy leaves and prefers full to partial sun. It is known for being aggressive in its suckering growth habit and needs definite controls to keep it in bounds. Grows to 4–6 feet tall in zones 9–11.
SITE FULL SUN SOIL WELL-DRAINED ZONE 3–8 SEASON SPRING, SUMMER
Sweet alyssum is so familiar that gardeners often pass it over for more exciting summer annuals. Yet this simple duo shows what a little foliage bling can do. Paired with the metallic silver wormwood, the old-fashioned white alyssum is transformed from predictable to elegant. Using this low-growing variety of wormwood as a companion creates the perfect balance of textures, foliage, and flowers where taller plants could easily overwhelm the dainty blossom. With bonus points for deer resistance, low maintenance, and sweet honey fragrance, this becomes a scene worthy of any modern garden.
This is an easy combination for summer months, as the alyssum will bloom continuously from spring to fall in cooler climates and all winter in warmer zones. For early spring color, plant white daffodils or crocus around the wormwood. As the wormwood emerges in mid- to late spring, it will hide the dying bulb foliage. A simple backdrop would be best to show off this monochromatic scheme; Baby Blue sawara cypress (Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Baby Blue’), with its curled soft foliage in a delightful shade of silver-blue, would be perfect.
Silver Mound wormwood (Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’) This herbaceous perennial forms a soft, feathery mound of silver that works beautifully at the front of the border. Although it produces a haze of small yellow flowers in summer, it is often best to sacrifice the blossoms and shear the foliage back in midsummer to keep it tidy. Well-drained soil in full sun is essential for wormwood to thrive. Deer resistant and drought tolerant. Grows to 2 feet tall and wide in zones 3–8.
Sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima) A remarkably versatile annual, growing in most regions either as an annual or a herbaceous perennial and blooming in spring-summer or fall-winter, depending on climate. The plant does not need fertilizer and tolerates drought, although it benefits from occasional watering during hot months. Use it in the landscape to edge a border or add to container gardens as an early filler. Grows to 8–12 inches tall and up to 3 feet wide, depending on variety, in zones 7–11 or enjoy as an annual.
