Afrocentrism, xxiv, 15, 16, 35, 45, 55, 70
Afro-Frontierism, xxiv, 3, 8–9, 13, 24, 27, 29, 32, 35, 40–41, 45, 46, 51–53, 55, 73, 76, 79, 86–87, 90, 96, 99, 103–4, 119, 127, 129-30, 145, 151, 152, 157
Afrotopia, as concept, xii, xxi, xxiv
Afrotopia, locations
Blackdom, New Mexico. See Blackdom.
Ethiopia. See Ethiopia (Ethiopianism).
Laramie, Wyoming, 32
Liberia. See Liberia.
Tlahualilo, Durango, Mexico, 30
Vado, New Mexico, xviii, 41, 119, 125, 127, 136
Albuquerque, New Mexico, xi, 5, 103, 139, 140
Allen, Richard (Bishop), 18, 21
American Colonization Society (ACS). See Liberia.
American Revolution, 20, 21
Aztec Cattle Company, 38
Barber–Scotia College (also Scotia Seminary), 98
Baton, Maisha, x, 41, 94
Black Church
African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, 18, 21, 24, 30
Blackdom Baptist Church, 51, 137
Colored Baptist Church (Roswell), 51, 137, 144
Colored Methodist Episcopal Church (Roswell), 137
First United Methodist Church (Cottonwood), 126, 136
Black colonization continuum, xxiii, xxiv, 8, 52
back-to-Africa efforts, 21, 70
Black colonizers, xxiii, 16, 17, 19–20, 27, 42, 43, 46, 52
Black colony
autonomy projects, 9, 10, 19, 32, 34, 55, 72
Black cowboy, xxiii, 4–5, 6, 7, 9, 84
Black cowboy culture, xxiii, 4–5, 6, 9, 84
Black Freemasonry, xv, xvi, xxiii, 9, 10, 14, 17, 18, 21, 25–26, 28, 35, 58, 73, 156–57,
Black history, xxi, 6, 12, 52, 117, 153, 155–58
Black Liberation Theology, 18, 20, 30, 67, 73
Black migration, 9, 15, 16–17, 18, 20, 21, 24–25, 37, 38. (See also Black colonization continuum.)
from Blackdom, 7, 126, 138–39
into New Mexico, 24, 39, 103
Second Great Migration, xi, xii
Black military, xi, xv, xxiii, 13, 14, 15, 17, 24, 25, 26–28
Buffalo Soldiers (24th Infantry), xv, 13–14, 15, 27, 99
chaplains, 24, 25
Black people, xxii
African descendant(s), xxi, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20–23, 53, 71
Black Shriners, 26, 28
Blackdom (as concept), xxiii, xxiv, 6–7, 8, 16, 50, 54, 122, 146, 157
Blackdom, New Mexico
Afrotopia in, xxi, 7, 11, 15, 55, 67–68, 69–70, 96, 121, 127
artesian wells in, 46, 56, 59
creation of, xii, 4, 8, 10, 15, 19, 40
dissolution of, xvi, 41, 52, 103–4, 105, 119, 120, 123, 125, 137
geographic location, xi, xv, 8, 15, 75
homesteading in, 46, 50, 56, 72, 73, 79, 87, 90–91, 104
narrative history of, xv–xvi
population of, xvi, 120
prominent figures. See Blackdom Thirteen; Boyer, Francis M. (Frank).
“Promised Land”, xxiv, 7, 11, 17, 40, 53, 55, 87
women in, xvii, 11, 57, 83–92, 96–97, 102–3, 115, 118
Blackdom Oil Company, xv, xvi–xviii, 7, 9, 12, 52, 53, 77, 115–16, 117–20, 121–24, 126–27, 128, 129, 130–31, 132, 135, 137, 139, 144, 147
advertisements for, 118
oil royalties from, 7, 14, 119–20, 121, 125–26, 144
success of, 121–22, 126–27, 130
Blackdom Thirteen, 10, 14, 35, 45, 55–65, 71
Blackdom Townsite Company, xxii, 18, 34, 47, 55–57
advertisements for, 46, 47–48, 73, 103
incorporation of, xv, 14, 15, 40, 45, 59
Blackdomite(s), xxiii, 7, 17, 45–46, 89
autonomy of, 54–55, 57
dual residency of, 88–89, 104, 120, 122
generational divide, 146
hostility towards (during oil boom), 79, 127, 129–30, 132, 134–35, 138, 139–43
BlackPast.org, 153
Blyden, Edward W., 23–24
Borderland(s), xxi, 5, 8, 10, 15–16, 19, 29–30, 34–35, 49–50, 55, 60, 68, 69–70, 79, 85, 98, 109, 129, 130, 151, 155
Boyer, Aggie, 42, 144
Boyer/Blackdom Myth, 17, 40–42
Boyer, Ella, xv, xvii, 11, 42, 74, 85, 87, 88, 89–90, 91, 92, 95, 118, 125, 130, 143, 144
Boyer, Elias, 35, 62, 144
Boyer, Eustace, xvii, 104, 119
Boyer, Francis M. (Frank), xii, xv–xviii, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 35, 38, 40–45, 46, 53, 59, 63, 74, 77, 78, 81, 91, 92, 93, 94, 101, 104, 119, 125, 129, 130, 132, 136, 142, 144, 156
Boyer, Francis Jr., xvii, 119
Boyer, Henry, 42, 143, 144
Boyer, John A., 45, 46, 47, 58, 62–63, 78
Boyer, Roosevelt Sr., 94
Buffalo Soldiers. See Black military.
Cain, Rheba. See Skeen, Ruth Loomis.
Chaves County, 38–39, 41, 44, 47, 55, 57, 59, 64, 70, 71, 72, 74, 77, 81, 86, 93, 95, 96, 97, 100, 112, 120, 121, 124, 126, 129, 137, 148
Childress, Charles C., 45, 47, 58, 61–62, 162n7
Chisum, John, 37, 39
Chisum, Frank, 39, 162n7
Clovis News-Journal, 42, 43, 119
Coleman, Anita Scott, 98–99
Coleman, James, 97–98, 99
Collins, Lillian, 88–89
Collins, Monroe, 93, 95, 137
Collins, Peter 93, 137
Collins, Thomas, 111–12, 136
Cuffee, Paul, 21–22
Denver Republican, 32
Dickerson, Burrel, 14, 45, 47, 58, 59
Dickson, Garner. See Dixon, Allen.
Dimanche, Kay, 5–6
Dixon, Allen, 91–92, 94
Doña Ana County, xviii, 41, 42, 119, 129, 142,
Du Boisian Veil, 68, 154
Du Bois, W. E. B., 34, 67, 68, 125, 163n2
Dunahoo, Janice, 75
Eastern Star (women’s organization), 89
El Paso, Texas, xiii, 130, 142, 154,
Ellis, William (aka Guillermo Eliseo), 29–31
Eliseo, Guillermo. See Ellis, William.
Ethiopia (Ethiopianism), 18, 20, 21, 22, 29, 30, 31, 67
Eubank, Crutcher, 73, 74–77, 79, 123, 144
Eubank, James, 78, 95
Eubank, Novice, 110, 111
Exodus, (Book of), 24, 52. (See also Moses figure.)
Exodus (as term for Black migration), 24–25
Exoduster/Exodusterism, 16, 22, 40, 52–53
faith, xii, 11, 50, 61, 68, 73, 76
Fleming, Elvis, 88, 140
Flores, Geni, 75
Fort Huachuca, 42, 52
Freeman, Alfred A. (District Judge), 43–44, 78
Freemasons. See Black Freemasonry.
frontier spaces, xxi, 5, 6, 21, 24, 28, 29, 37
Garner, Dixon. See Dixon, Allen.
Garner, Dickson. See Dixon, Allen.
Garrido, Juan, 20
Grand Hotel (Roswell), 111
Hagerman, Herbert J., 38, 77
Hagerman, James J., 36–37, 38, 43, 44
Hamilton, Kenneth M., x, xiii, 8, 49, 117
Henderson, George, 96
Henderson, Lucy, 96, 115
Henderson, William C., 96
Herron, Erastus, 112–14
Hill, Hester, 144
homestead allotments, 90–91
160 acres, xvii, 58, 63, 89, 90–91, 118
320 acres, 51, 78, 90, 96
640 acres, 90, 96, 100, 136
Homestead Enlargement Act, 78, 87, 89, 90
Hubert, Albert, 45, 47, 64–65
Intersectional Blackness, 9, 10, 16, 21, 43, 70, 120
Jackson, James, 45, 47, 64
Jaffa, Nathan, 95
Jim Crow laws, xi, xii, 19, 34, 39, 54, 60, 72, 74, 97, 101, 137
Johnson, M. V. (Mrs.), 144
Jones, Isaac W., xv, xvii, 14, 39, 45, 46, 47, 58, 60–61, 79, 81
Juneteenth, xvi, 118, 126, 145–46
Keys, Daniel G., 14, 40, 43, 45, 47, 58, 63, 78, 125, 136
Ku Klux Klan, 40, 52, 129, 138, 139–43
Pioneer Klan No. 15, 140–42
Lake Arthur, New Mexico, 91, 123, 130, 137
Las Cruces Sun–News, 42
Lea, Joseph (Capt.), 35, 36
Liberia, 22–24
Lincoln County, 35–36
“Little Texas” (New Mexico oil boom), xi, xvi, 75, 117, 118, 128, 131–32, 133–34, 138, 142. (See also Blackdom Oil Company; oil drilling.)
Lynch, Louise (Mrs.), 142, 143
Malone, Bessie E., 97
Malone, George (postmaster), 113, 114, 128
Malone, George W. (lawyer), 101, 103, 115
Manifest Destiny, 6, 35
Mexican Revolution, 90
Milledgeville, Georgia, 42
Moore (Wilson), Mattie, 11, 85, 87–88, 91, 92, 94, 100, 101
Moore (Wilson), Mittie, xvii, 11, 85, 87–88, 99–103, 105–111, 114, 115, 118, 126–27, 128–29, 134, 136, 140, 146, 147, 148–49
Moses figure, 10, 24, 40, 52, 53. (See also Boyer, Francis M. (Frank).)
Mullis, John (Mayor), 106–8, 115, 147
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), xi, 34, 67, 98–99
Nelson, Glenorce (author’s grandfather), 3, 4, 5, 84, 121
Nelson, Kahtia J., xiv, 83, 154–55
Nelson, Maison (author’s brother), xiii, xiv, 117, 155–57
Nelson, Mary Elizabeth Gilmore (author’s grandmother), 4, 84
Nelson, Timothy (author’s father), 3
Nelson, Veretha (author’s mother), 3, 84
New Mexico Humanities Council, 75
New Mexico Military Institute, 36, 105, 106
New Mexico State Department of Historic Preservation Division of the Office of Cultural Affairs, 41
oil drilling (Southeast New Mexico), xi, xv, xvi, xvii, xxi, 6, 7, 8, 9, 77, 90, 91, 102, 117, 118, 121, 122–24, 126, 127, 128, 130–33, 135, 136, 138, 142, 146–47. (See also Blackdom Oil Company; “Little Texas”.)
Otero, Miguel Antonio, 44
Pancho Villa, 90
pandemic (1918), 27
pandemic (2019), 53
Pearl, Julia, 97
Plessy v. Ferguson, 18, 19, 54, 74
Porter, Dixie, 100, 108, 109, 114
Proffit, Belle Billue, 51
Proffit, Luberta, 51
Proffit, William D., 50–52, 111
Ragsdale, Clinton, 77, 95, 104, 111, 112, 127, 130, 145
Ragsdale, Ezell, 104, 112
railroads/railways (Southeast New Mexico), xi, 33, 37, 38, 59, 80, 93
Richardson, Granville A. (District Judge), 102
Roswell Correctional Center, xi, 8
Roswell (New Mexico), xi, xv, 8, 15, 35–39, 54, 57, 58, 80, 86, 88, 89, 93, 100–2, 104, 105, 106, 108, 114, 122, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138–43, 169n4
Roybal, Marissa R., xix, 151–53
Russell, Pernecia, 91, 92,
Santa Fe New Mexican, 44, 47, 59, 73, 93, 95, 149
Scotia Seminary (also Barber–Scotia College), 98
Shamsid-Deen, Maya L., 75
Shriners. See Black Shriners.
Sierra Leone, 22–23
Skeen, Ruth Loomis, 67–69, 70, 125
subaltern, 9, 17, 20
Tallmadge brothers (railroad tycoons), 79–81
Talmage, Frank, 52, 140, 141, 142–43
Thompson, Charles, 63
Tirhakah, 19
tricultural narrative, New Mexico as, 12, 15, 41, 70–71, 152
Turner, Henry (Bishop), 30
University of New Mexico, 75
Vado, New Mexico, xviii, 41, 43, 119, 125, 127
Vesey, Denmark, 22
Wagoner, Jackson, M., 145
Wagoner, Loney, 130
Washinton, Booker T., 33, 50
Williams, R. A. “Pegleg”, 30
Williams, Wesley