INDEX

Abbot, Jacob, 113

absolute pitch (AP), 80–1

acid secretion (H2) blockers, 272

Actiheart study, 78

Acylin Therapeutics, 170

advertisements, 52

Afghanistan, 138, 234

Alabama research group, 86

Ali, Muhammad (formerly Cassius Clay), 82

Alien, 177

Amazon, 47, 182–3

Amish birth rate, 103–4

Andretti, Mario, 83

Angelman syndrome, 214

anorexia nervosa, 66–7

antibiotics, 277, 268, 276

antidepressants, SSRI, 212

antioxidant supplements, 190–1

Arabidopsis, 35–6

Aryan Kultur settlements, 77

Asperger’s syndrome, 204, 205, 209–10

athletes, 68, 72–3

Atkins, Dr, and diet, 183

Atlas Sports Genetics, 67

Australian twins, 51

autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), 40, 204–217

Averill, Meredith, 186–7

bacteria, 260, 262–3

Bifidobacillus, 265, 274

Helicobacter pylori (HP), 272–3, 264, 265, 267

Lactobacillus, 265, 274

‘bad genes’, 130–52

Barbie doll adverts, 221

Baron-Cohen, Simon, 145, 210, 212–13

Barr, Rosanne, 170

Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, 70, 112

BBC, 112, 181

Beatles, The, 71

Beaver, Kevin, 151–2

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, 282

bees, 221

Beijing Genomics Institute, 272–3

Bell, Mary, 171

Belsky, Jay, 151–2

beta-carotene, 190, 191

Bettelheim, Bruno, 115

BGI, 282–3

Bifidobacillus bacteria, 265, 274

Binet, Alfred, 83

BioArts International Inc, 280

Biology, 31

birds, 244–5

Birmingham, 134

bisphenol A (BPA), 216–18, 220, 221, 238

Blackadder, 51

Blaine, David, 181

BMI (body-mass index), 167

Boehringer, 255–6

Bonaparte, Princess Marie (Dr A. E. Narjani), 252–3

Bonaparte, Napoleon, 261

Borody, Professor Tom, 275–6

Boston, Playland club, 223

Bouchard, Tom, 43

bowel cancer, 284

bowel syndrome, irritable (IBS), 268–9, 270, 274–5, 276

Boys from Brazil, The, 288

BPA (bisphenol A), 216–18, 220, 221, 238

brain, changes in, 43, 98

brain areas

after strokes or injuries, 208

amygdala, 213–14

anterior cingulate gyrus, 258

dentate gyrus, 85

hippocampus, 74, 147, 208

hypothalamus, 168, 169

inferior parietal lobe, 208

left orbito-frontal complex (OFC), 258

prefrontal cortex (PFC), 258

brain hormone, glucocorticoid receptor, 126–7, 148

brain scans, MRI, 147, 149

brain waves, mu, 218

brains, abnormal metabolism in, 125

Brazil, epilepsy suffers in, 98

breast cancer, 192–3, 194–5, 196, 197, 198–9, 201

‘alternative’ medications, 196–7

and fat intake, 196

increase in, 195

response to treatment, 199

Briand, Aristide, 253

broken mirror syndrome, 206, 207

Brussels, St Luc hospital, 166

Bucharest orphanages, 122

Buddhist monks, 64

Budleigh Salterton, 130–1, 132

St Peter’s church, 130

bullying in schools, 128

Burge, David, 80

Burri, Andrea, 252, 253

Burt, Sir Cyril, 41, 42, 43

butterflies, 37, 221

butyrate, 276

Byron, Ruth and Simon, 247

Byzantine Empire, 132

calcium, 191

California, autism in, 211, 215

Californian gifted children IQ study, 57, 83

Cambridge, 212, 213

Campbell, Keith, 279

Canada, BPA ban in, 218

Canadian calorie restriction diet, 185

cancer, 192–202, 265 see also individual entries

Caplan, Bryan, 112, 115

Carlson, Dr Mary, 123

Case of the Midwife Toad, The, 31

cataracts, 39–40

caterpillars, 37

Catholic Church, 137

cats, 290–1

Ceausescu, Nicolae, 122–3

Cézanne, Paul, 73–4

characteristics, acquired, inheritance of (‘soft inheritance’), see epigenetics

cheese protein, 174

Chegwin, Keith, 83

Cherkas, Lynn, 253

chickens, 37–8

child abuse, 130–3, 134–9, 146, 148–9

child prodigies, 69–71, 76

childbirth, ‘orgasmic’, 258–9

children

badly abused and neglected, MRI scans of, 149

bullying of, 128

differing views on upbringing, 112, 113–15, 128–9

from failing families, 150–1, 152

religious encouragement to have, 103–4

rise of behavioural and psychiatric disorders in, 111

in 17th or 18th century, 110–11

underlying genetic backgrounds, 125–6

China, sperm count study in, 220

choline, 176, 177, 267

chromosomes, 197

chromosome 15: 214

X, 214, 232–3, 238, 290

Y, 144, 146, 221–2, 251

chronic fatigue syndrome, 269–70

Chua, Amy, 70, 112, 113

circumcision, male, 101

Clark, Dick, 203, 204

Clay, Cassius (later Muhammad Ali), 82

Cleopatra, 101

Clinton, Bill, 96

clitoris, 251, 252, 253

Clone, 290

cloning, 278–9, 280–1, 281–2, 283–4, 288

Clostridium difficile, 263–4, 275

CODIS system, 143

coeliac disease, 274

cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), 64, 138, 210

Cold Case, 142

Collins, Francis, 96

Collins, John, 143–4

colon cancer, 200, 274

Colvin, Geoff, 70

conception, 214, 215

Connery, Sean, 242

contraceptive pill, 195–6

Cooper, Carrie, 141

Cooper, George and Henry, 82–3

Cooper, Jerome and Tyrone, 140–1

CoppaFeel charity, 194

Cornell Univeristy, 272

Coyle, Daniel, 70

cress, thale, 35–6

criminality, 145–6

Crohn’s disease, 274, 275

CSI, 142

cultural trends and personality traits, 99–101

Cuvier, George, 27–8

Dacogen, 200

Daily Star, 49, 52

Daily Telegraph, 40

dairy (lactose) intolerance, 172, 173, 174

Dance, Colin and Maurice, 131

Dance, Tommy, 130–1

Dance, William, 130, 131, 133

Danish pregnancy study with low-fat yogurts, 265

Daphnia, 36

Darwin, Charles, 9, 27, 28, 29, 77, 88, 96, 105, 221, 261, 293

Darwinism, Neural, 289

Dawkins, Richard, 98, 109, 291–2

Day, Binny, 130, 131

Day, Carl, 131, 133

Deer, Brian, 212

Denmark, 53, 54

Dennett, David, 97

dental caries (tooth decay), 267–8

Denver, 150

Depp, Johnny, 242

depression, heritability of, 59–62

DES (diethylstilboestrol), 201, 202

diabetes, 190, 265

diet, 181–9

diet alterations and fur colour, 38, 176–7, 216

diethylstilboestrol (DES), 201, 202

digit ratios, 2D:4D, 226–8, 229, 242, 237

distorted tunes test, 79

Djerassi, Carl, 195

DNA, 9, 17, 34, 140–3, 278, 280, 290–1

dogs, 280, 281

Dolly the sheep, 288–9, 280, 283

dopamine, 127, 147–8

Drayna, Dennis, 79

drugs in sport, 87

Dublin priests, 102

Duchovny, David, 241

Duke University, 38, 176–7

Dundee, Angelo, 82

Dunedin Study, 126, 146

Dutch famine, 1944, 188

Dweck, Carol, 62–3

E. coli outbreak, German salad, 263

Eastenders, 131

Eaves, Lindon, 92–3

Ecstasy (MDMA), 246

Edwards, Jonathan, 81

Edwards, Robert, 282

Einstein, Albert, 87

Eldoret, Kenya, 72

Elmira, New York, 150

empathy, 145, 147–8

England, 13th and 14th century, diet in, 181–2

English and Romanian Adoption Study (ERA), 124–5, 126

Enlightenment, 77

enterotypes, 273

environmentalists, 40–4, 62

enzyme, monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA), 146

epigenetic changes related to environment, 238–9

epigenetic drugs, 87, 149, 199–200

epigenetic influence in ASD, 214

epigenetic signals, 152

epigenetics (‘soft inheritance’), 27, 28, 29, 30–1, 32, 33, 34–9, 293

in the future, 290–3

histone acetylation, 170

as key to cancer-forming process, 197–8, 199–200, 201

and muscle cells/growth, stimulating, 85–6

nature vs. nurture, 39–44

epilepsy, 98

Ericsson, Anders, 70, 71, 75–6, 78

Ethiopians, 73

eugenics, 77

Eugenics Society, 41

Eurovision song contest, 69

‘evil genes’, 139–43

examinations, 11-plus, 41

experience and talent, 73–8

Eysenck, Hans, 49–50

faith, 91

faith, losing, 106–9

‘faith gene’, 91–5, 108

families, failing, 149–52

Far Side cartoons, 48–9, 50

‘fat genes’, 166–92

fatigue syndrome, chronic, 269–70

fecal transplant trial, 274–5

‘feederism’, 166

fibromyalgia, 136, 269

fidelity, 240–59

fidgeting, 184

finger length, 226–8, 229, 242, 237

Finnish families study, 80

fish oils, 191

flame retardants, BDE-4, 217

fleas, water, 37

flibanserin, 255–6

Flint, Larry, 100

Florida, obesity in, 167

Flowering Locus C gene, 36

folate, 176

folic acid supplements, 177, 190, 266–7

food allergies, 172–3

food deprivation, 188

Ford, Gina, 114, 115

Fowler, James, 64

fragile X syndrome, 214

Frederick II, Emperor, 111, 124

French, Dawn, 170

Freud, Sigmund, 29, 253

Frimley Park Hospital, 270–1

Fritzl, Josef, 145

future developments, 289–3

G spot, 251

GABA neurotransmitter receptors, 275

Gallup world happiness survey 2011, 53–4

Galton, Francis, 77–8

gastric surgery, 265–6

Gattaca, 289, 290

Gebrselassie, Haile, 73

Geek2Geek, 213

‘geeks’, 212, 213

gene sequencing machine, 263–4

General Medical Council (GMC), 212

genes

ACE (Acetyl CholinEsterase – ‘sports endurance’), 67, 68

ACE II, 67

ACTN3 (alpha actinin-3 – ‘running’), 68–9, 72–3

Agouti, 38, 176, 216

amylase, 169

bacterial, 266–7, 268, 271–2

BRCA1 mutations, 194–5, 197

BRCA2 mutations, 194–5

cell hosting, 292

CNV, 205

copies (alleles), 38–9

dopamine, 126

E-cadherin, 200

5-HTT variant, 60–1

Flowering Locus C, 37

FTO, 168–9, 171

HER2, 199

identical, 278–94 see also ‘cloned/cloning’ entries; twins, identical

imprinted, 38–9, 171

insect, modification of, 36

ISR1, 170

KLF14 obesity master regulator, 170–1

Lcyc, 35

neuropeptide Y, 245

passenger, 263

protocadherins, 127

PTC, 174

retinoid receptor, 185

SEPT6, 200

serotonin, 144

sirtuin family, 187–8, 188

SRY gender-determining, 221–2

‘talent’, see ‘talent genes’

vasopressin receptor, 245–6

VMAT2, 104

Genetic Saving, 280

German salad E. coli outbreak, 263

German study on shaving pubic hair, 99

‘giggle gene’, 46–52

Gilbert, Dan, 243–4

Gillie, Oliver, 41

giraffes, 28

girls, childhood development of, 221

Gladwell, Malcolm, 70, 71

GMC (General Medical Council), 212

GOAT (Ghrelin O-Acetyl Transferase) inhibitor, 170

Goldacre, Ben, 190

golfers, talented, 71–2

Graduate, The, 216

Gräfenberg, Dr Ernst, 251

Grand Rapids, Michigan, 139–41

Greece, 167

Gretzky, Wayne, 81

Guarente, Leonard, 187

Guildford, Barley Mow restaurant near, 270

Guinness Book of World Records, 69, 168

gum inflammation (periodontitis), 267–8

Gurdon, John, 279–80

gut bacteria, 264, 265, 266, 267, 272, 273–4, 276

gut flora, 265, 267, 272–3, 274, 275, 276

Gypsies, 123

haemorrhoids, 39–40

Haiti, 72

Hall, Jerry, 83

Hamer, Dean, 232–3, 238

happiness, 40, 45–65

happiness surveys, 53–4, 243–4

Harlow monkeys experiment, 123, 126

Harris, Judith Rich, 115

Harvard, 243–4

Hawke, Ethan, 290

Heiman, Julia, 257

Herceptin, 198, 199

Heritage study, 79

Hitler, Adolf, 288

homosexuality, 221–39

hormone disruptors, 202, 216–19, 238

hormones

as cause of increase in ASD, 213–14, 216

‘cuddle’, see oxytocin

food regulating, 169, 170

Ghrelin, 169, 170

humour, 47–52

Hungary, church attendance in, 103

hunger, hormones controlling feeling of, 169, 170, 184

Huntington’s disease, 292

Hutterites, 104

Hwang, Dr Woo-suk, 281

‘hygiene’ hypothesis, 264–5

IBS (irritable bowel syndrome), 268–9, 270, 274–5, 276

Iliescu, Ion, 123

inheritance of acquired characteristics (‘soft inheritance’), see epigenetics

insects, 36, 37

insulin, 178

International Athletics Association, 225

iPhone app, 243–4

IQ, 40, 41–2, 43, 63, 78, 83–4

IQcuties, 213

Iran, 212

Iraq veterans, 138

Ireland, decline of church attendance in, 101–2

Ireland, depression in, 59, 60

Irish priests, 102

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 268–9, 270, 274–5, 276

Island, The, 283

isoflavones, 196–7

Istodax, 200

IVF (in vitro fertilisation) treatment, 282–3

from single genome, 278–9

Jackson, Georgia, 144

James, Oliver, 114–15

Jedi ‘religion’, 88

Jesuit order, 76

Jews, Orthodox, 103–4

Joan of Arc, 91, 98

John Hopkins University, 197–8

John Paul II, Pope, 261

jokes, 50

Joyce, James, 261

Kalenjin tribe, 72

Kamin, Leon, 41

Kammerer, Paul, 29–31, 37

Keller, Helen, 109

Kenyan athletes, 68, 72–3, 84–5

Khomeini, Ayatollah, 261

Killinsworth, Matthew, 243–4

Kinsey Institute, Indiana, 257

Knowledge, The, 74

Koestler, Arthur, 31

kombucha (‘health’ tea), 276

lactase, 173–4

Lactobacillus bacteria, 265, 274, 275

lactose intolerance, 172, 173, 174

Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste-Pierre-Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de, 27–9, 30, 33–4, 293

Lancet, The, 211–12, 262–3

Larson, Gary, 48–9, 50

Laszlo (Hungarian educational psychologist) and family, 76

Laura, Dr, 137

Leach, Penelope, 114–15

Lebensborn project, 77

legs, restless, syndrome (RLS), 247, 248

LeVay, Simon, 221

Lewis, C. S., 96

lignans, 196

Little Britain, 51

Locke, John, 76–7, 113

London

Bellingham amateur boxing club, 82

Hammersmith Hospital, 45

Institute of Neurology, 74

Institute of Psychiatry, 61, 124, 147

King’s Cross station, 45–6

Lambeth, 106

St Thomas’ Hospital, 45

taxi drivers, 74, 75, 208

Wembley Stadium, 82

longevity, 153–165, 187–9

Louisiana families study, 79

Lucas, George, 88

Lykken, David, 55

Lysenko, Trofim, 31–2, 33, 36

Mad Men, 52, 53

Mahler, Alma, 30

maize hybrids, breeding of, 33

Malaysia, ‘sissy camps’ in, 235

Manning, John, 227

Marshall, Barry, 262–3, 276

marshmallow experiment, 180

Martin, Nick, 92–3

McDonald’s diet, 178

McGlothin, Paul, 185–6

McGuire, Billy and Benny, 168

McIlroy, Rory, 71–2

MDMA (Ecstasy), 246

Meaney, Mike, 126

measles, 212

Medical Research Council (MRC), 215, 218

meditation, 64

‘memes’, concept of, 98–9

memory, 75–6, 86, 289

Memphis, 150

Mendel, Gregor, 9, 42

metagenome, 263, 272–3

methyl donors, 149

methylation, 34–6, 85, 86, 148, 151, 177, 185, 186, 266

and cancer, 197–8, 199, 200, 214, 215, 216–17

mice

Agouti, 38, 176, 216–17

antibiotic study on, 267

dietary experiments on, 178, 275

fecal study of, 273

folic acid study with, 266–7

longevity research on, 187–8

male deer, BPA study on, 217

mutant, 68

microbes, 263, 271–2

Mincu, Dr Iulian, 122

mindsets, genetic, 62–5

mineral supplements, 190

Ministry of Agriculture, 215

Minnesota adopted-twin study, 22, 43, 45, 46, 55, 92, 116

mirror neurones, 206, 207, 258

mirror therapy, 207

Mischel, Walter, 180

mitochondrial activity, 188

MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)

vaccine, 211–12

Mobley, Tony, 143–4, 145

family, 144, 145

monkeys, 61, 206, 217

Monroe, Marilyn, 170

Montreal research team, 126–7, 148

moodscope.com, 64

MORI 2007 poll, UK, 52

Mormons, 104

mouth bacteria, 267–8

Mozart, Leopold, 70

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 70–1, 80

MRC (Medical Research Council), 215, 218

MRI brain scans, 147, 149, 258

MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), 263–4

Muhammad Ali (formerly Cassius Clay), 82

Multiplicity, 283

music, 79, 80

MuTHER Consortium, 170

Napoleon Bonaparte, 261

Narjani, Dr A. E. (Princess Marie Bonaparte), 252–3

NASA scientists, 272

National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANE) study (US), 218

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (US), 232–3, 238

Nature, 30, 67

NEAD (non-shared environment in adolescent development) study, 119–21

‘nerd’ mating theory, 212, 213

Nerd Passions, 213

Netherlands children with ‘pubo-phobia’, 99–100

neurones, mirror, 206, 207, 258

New Englanders, 64–5

New Guinea, Sambia tribe in, 234

New Testament, 91

New York

cab drivers, 74

Carnegie Hall, 112

Sloane Kettering Cancer Center, 199

New York Times, 30

New Zealand, male criminality study in, 146

New Zealand forensic service, 142, 143

Newton, Isaac, 42

NHANE (National Health and Nutrition Examination) study (US), 218

NIH (National Institutes of Health) (US), 232–3, 238

nipples, 251

Nobel, Alfred, 261

Noble, G. K., 30

Norwegian study of twins with IBS, 270

Nueva Germania, Paraguay, 77

Nurse Family Partnership (NFP), 150

Nurture Assumption, The, 115

nurture ‘blank slate’ concept, 76–7

Obama, President Barack, 150

obesity, 12,

extreme, 166

and gastric bypass/banding surgery, 265–6

growth of, 166–7, 184, 220

and gut bacteria, 273–4

heritability of, 167–8

obesity clinics, 166

oesophagus, cancer of, 265

oestrogen, 196, 201, 226–8

Office, The, 51–2

Olds, David, 150

olms (cave-dwelling salamanders), 29

$100,000 Pyramid, 203

optimism, 56–7, 58–9, 61

orgasms, female, 247–8, 249–54, 255–6, 257, 258–9

osteoarthritis, premature, 279

Owen, Clive, 242

Oxford University, 135, 194

oxytocin (‘cuddle hormone’), 127, 147–8, 168–9, 245–6, 259

oxytocin nasal spray, 246, 256

pain relief and orgasms, 259

Palmer, William, 223–4

paracetamol (acetaminophen), 215

paranormal, beliefs in the US in, 108

parenting, books on, 70, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115

parenting, 110–29, 133–4, 149–51, 152

parents and guilt, 112–18

Pashtun men, 234

Peck, Gregory, 288

Peltonen, Leena, 78

penis size, 227–9, 253

peptic (stomach) ulcers, 261–3

perfectpitch.com, 80–1

periodontitis (gum inflammation), 267–8

Perry, Bruce, 149

personal identity, 289

personality disorders, 40

personality feature studies, 56

personality traits and cultural trends, 99–101

pessimism, 57, 59, 61, 64

pets, cloned, 280–1

phyto-oestrogens, 196, 216

Picasso, Pablo, 73–4

piglets, cloned, 291

pitch, absolute/perfect (AP), 80–1

plants, epigenetic changes in, 34–6

plastics, 216–19 see also BPA

Playboy, 100

Plomin, Robert, 119, 121

Positive Psychotherapy Intervention, 63–4

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 136, 138–9

Prader-Willi syndrome, 214

Prainsack, Barbara, 284

proteins, TET, 200

Prozac, 211

PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), 136, 138–9

pubic hair, 99–101

Quran, 91, 94

Ramachandran, V. S., 206, 207

rats

breast cancer studies on, 201

hormone disruptors reducing sexual attraction in, 238

male, epigenetic effects on offspring’s health, 178

maternal licking and grooming experiments, 126–7, 148

memory research on, 86

pregnant mothers’ epigenetic effects on daughter’s and granddaughters’ genes, 177

and running, 85

Reiss, David, 120

religion, 88–109, 235

restless legs syndrome (RLS), 247, 248

resveratrol, 189, 202

Rett syndrome, 214

rifaximin, 276

Rift Valley, 68, 72

Rind, Dr, 137–8

Rizzolatti, Giacomo, 206

RNA, non-coding, 248

RNL Bio, 291

Rock, John, 195–6

rodents, experiments, 126–7, 148

Romania, 122, 123–5, 126

Rossellini, Isabella, 83

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 113

Royal Institution Christmas Lecture, 175

running, 68–9, 72–3

Russia, religion in, 102–3, 108

Rutter, Michael, 124

SAHA histone-modifying drug, 292

St Ignatius Loyola, 76

St Louis fecal study, 273

salamanders, cave-dwelling (olms), 29

Sambia tribe, 234

schizophrenia, 40

Science, 30

Sears, Dr Bill and Martha, 114–15

Seligman, Marty, 63–4

Semenya, Caster, 225

sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), 243

serotonin, 60–1, 147–8

Seventh Day Adventists, 175–6

sex addiction (hypersexual disorder), 240–1

sex-change operations, 223, 224

sex determination and development, 221–2, 225, 227

sexual abuse of children, 130–3, 134, 146

common effects of, 136–8, 139, 146, 148–9

victims, 134–9

sheep, Dolly the, 278–9, 280

Shenk, David, 70

Silicon Valley, 212

Simpson, O. J., 141, 240

skin colour, 73

Skinner, Mike, 238

Sleeper, 283

Sloane Kettering Cancer Center, 199

smoking, maternal, 220

Southampton diet study, 185

Soviet Union, 32, 33, 102–3, 108

soya beans, 202

soya isoflavones, 196–7

Space: 1999, 210

Spock, Dr Benjamin, 111, 114

sport, drugs in, 87

sporting abilities, 78

‘sports endurance gene’, 67, 68

Stalin, Josef, 32

Stepford Wives, The, 283

Stockdale, Vice Admiral James Bond, 58

Stockdale paradox, 58–9

stomach (peptic) ulcers, 261–3

stomach cancer, 260–1, 265, 266–7

Strachan, David, 264–5

Strange, Curtis, 83

stresses, life, 61

suicide, 59–60, 147

Sulston, Sir John, 175

Summer, Daniel, 145

Sun, 254

Sunday Times, 42, 200

supplements, mineral and vitamin, 190

Surrogates, The, 283

Sweden, 146, 191

Syed, Matthew, 70, 81

tadpoles, 279–80

talent, 66–87, 208

Tamoxifen, 193

Tampa, 204

Tanzania, 55

taxi drivers, London, 74, 75, 208

temperature changes, effect of, on species development, 221

Terman, Lewis, 83

Terman Study, 57

testicular cancer, 220

testosterone, 213, 220, 222, 225, 229, 233, 251–2

fetal, assessing, 226–8, 229

Thomas Aquinas, 96

toadflax, common, 34–5

toads, midwife, 29, 30–1, 36

tone-deafness, 79–80

tooth decay, 267–8

transsexuals, 223–4

Treffert, Dr Darold, 204

triclosan, 218

Tromovitch, Dr, 137–8

Trudghill, Nigel, 270

Turkheimer, Eric, 119

Twain, Mark, 73–4

Twin Registry, UK, 42–3

twins

absolute pitch study, 80

adopted, and religious upbringing, 88–90, 92

adopted, brought up in different surroundings, 115–18, 128

with Asperger’s syndrome, 209–11

Australian, 51

autistic savant, 202–4

autistic studies of, 205, 214, 215

average heritability of, 78

and belief in God studies, 92

and bullying, 128, 133–4

and cancer, 192–5, 198–9, 200

coincidences between, 46–7

Cooper boxing, 82–3

and depression, 59–60

differing Ghrelin hormone levels in, 169

with differing religious beliefs, 94–5, 106–7

digit ratio studies on, 228, 230, 237

dishonourable discharge from US military of, 145–6

DNA matches and, 140–1, 143

female, and orgasms, 249–51, 255, 257

and fidelity, 245

gut flora study in, 272–3

and happiness study, 53, 54–5

heritabilities for aggressive behaviour and psychopathic personality, 146, 147

with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 268–9, 270

motivation study of, 84

MZ, 285–6

in obesity research, 170, 171–2, 174, 179–80, 184, 185

one being bisexual, 236–7

one being gay, 229–32, 235

produced by IVF, 283

reuniting of, 45–7

similarity in weight of, 167–8

and sporting abilities, 78

studies of, 39–43, 45, 46, 47 see also humour

talented, with non-famous twin siblings, 83

in taste experiment, 175

tone-deafness test on, 79–80

transsexual, 222–4, 225

as victims of abuse, 134–6, 137, 138, 139

in willpower experiment, 181

world’s heaviest, 168

twins, identical, 284

and bowel habit study, 270–1

female, with differing attitudes to men, 241–43

and pain relief studies, 259

in same classroom study, 121–2

views on twins of, 284, 285–8

Twinsburg, Ohio, annual festival, 51

United Kingdom

breast cancer in, 195

census 2001, 88

cost of children with problems and in care, 118

decline of religion in, 102

diet in 13th and 14th century England, 181–2

Muslim population in, 104

obesity in, 166–7

religious people as voters in, 108

United Nations, 284–5

Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 19: 118

United States

beliefs in the paranormal in, 108

breast cancer in, 195

breeding of maize hybrids in, 33

Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 256

Food Standards Agency, 218

General Social Survey, 245

military, dishonourable discharge of twins from, 145–6

NEAD (non-shared environment in adolescent development) study, 119–21

obesity in, 166–7, 184

religious beliefs and practices in, 103

United States Army CSF (comprehensive solder fitness) programme, 64

United States Congress, 137–8

US Masters, 71, 72

US Open golf tournament, 2011, 71–2

Vanessa Mae, 69–70

Vargas, Alexander, 31

vegetarian diet, 175–6

vernalisation, 32, 33, 36

Viagra, 255

Vidaza, 212

Vienna, University of, 31

Vietnam War, 58

vinclozolin, 217, 238

vitamin A, 190

vitamin B12, 176

vitamin E, 190

vitamin levels before birth, 215

vitamin supplements, 190–1

vitamins at time of conception, 215

voles, 245, 246

Waddington, Conrad, 33

Wakefield, Andrew, 212

Wang Jun, 273

Ward, Paul, 75–6

Ward, William Arthur, 59

Warren, Robin, 262–3

Wessely, Professor Simon, 139

willpower, 180–1

Wilmut, Professor Ian, 279, 283, 284

Wilson, E. O., 97–8

wine consumption, 188–9, 191

Wonder, Stevie, 80

Woods, Tiger, 71, 240

Woo-suk Hwang, Dr, 291

World Values Survey 1984 to 2004, 103

worms, 187, 245

Wright, Sewell, 176

X-Factor, The, 74

Yamanaka, Shinya, 291

‘Yankee Doodle Dandy’, 79

yeast, male and female forms in, 238

yogurts, ‘gut-friendly’, 265, 275, 276

Zolinza, 200

Zoloft, 211