1. Mikhail M. Bakhtin, Speech Genres & Other Late Essays, ed. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist, trans. Vern W. McGee (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986), 93.
2. Bryan Young, “Why Aren’t You Watching The Clone Wars?” The Huffington Post, March 30, 2011, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bryan-young/why-arent-you-watching-th_b_841727.html.
3. Frederik Pohl, “The Politics of Prophecy,” in Political Science Fiction, ed. Donald M. Hassler and Clyde Wilcox (Columbia: University of Carolina Press, 1997), 7.
4. Andrew Gordon, “Star Wars: A Myth for Our Time,” Literature Film Quarterly 6, no. 4 (Fall 1978): 314–326.
5. Brian Ott and Eric Aoki, “Counter-Imagination as Interpretive Practice: Futuristic Fantasy and The Fifth Element,” Women’s Studies in Communication 27 (2004): 149–176; Brian Ott and Eric Aoki, “Popular Imagination and Identity Politics: Reading the Future in Star Trek: The Next Generation,” Western Journal of Communication 65 (2001): 392–415.
6. Star Wars: Episode V—The Empire Strikes Back, dir. Irvin Kershner, 20th Century Fox, 1980.
7. Carl Silvio and Tony M. Vinci, Culture, Identities and Technology in the Star Wars Films: Essays on the Two Trilogies (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2007), 4.
8. Peter Kramer, “Star Wars,” History Today 49, no. 3 (1999): 43.
9. David S. Meyer, “Star Wars, Star Wars, and American Political Culture,” The Journal of Popular Culture 26, no. 2 (September 1, 1992): 99–115.
10. Dan Rubey, “Star Wars: Not So Long Ago, Not So Far Away,” Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media 18 (August 1978): 10.
11. Ibid., 9–14.
12. Michael Ryan and Douglass Kellner, Camera Politica: The Politics and Ideology of Contemporary Hollywood Film (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), 229–230.
13. Ibid., 234.
14. Stephen P. McVeigh, “The Galactic Way of Warfare,” in Finding the Force of the Star Wars Franchise: Fans, Merchandise, & Critics, ed. Matthew W. Kapell et al. (New York: Peter Lang, 2006), 35.
15. Ibid., 45.
16. Ibid., 46.
17. The question of whether or not clones are humans is considered, at length, in Chapter Three.
18. Anne Lancashire, “Return of the Jedi: Once More with Feeling,” Film Criticism 8, no. 2 (1984): 61.
19. Anne Lancashire, “The Phantom Menace: Repetition, Variation, Integration,” Film Criticism 24 (2000): 36.
20. Anne Lancashire, “Attack of the Clones and the Politics of Star Wars,” Dalhousie Review 82, no. 2 (2002): 242.
21. Ibid., 239.
22. “Weekend Journal,” Wall Street Journal, May 20, 2005, W11.
23. Dana Milbank, “The Chamber Meets the Force,” Washington Post, May 20, 2005, A5.
24. Scott Thill, “Rebooted Darth Maul Closes Down The Clone Wars,” Wired: Underwire Blog, March 15, 2012, http://www.wired.com/underwire/2012/03/clone-wars-darth-maul/.
25. Gerard A. Hauser and Chantal Benoit-Barne, “Reflections on Rhetoric, Deliberative Democracy, Civil Society, and Trust,” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 5, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 264.
26. Scott Thill, “Rebooted Darth Maul Closes Down The Clone Wars,” Wired: Underwire Blog, March 15, 2012, http://www.wired.com/underwire/2012/03/clone-wars-darth-maul/.
27. Bakhtin, Speech Genres, 93.
28. James Jasinski, “Heteroglossia, Polyphony, and the Federalist Papers,” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 27, no. 1 (Winter 1997): 25.
29. John B. Hatch, “Dialogic Rhetoric in Letters Across the Divide: A Dance of (Good) Faith Toward Racial Reconciliation,” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 12 (2009): 493.
30. Mikhail M. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin, ed. Michael Holquist, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981), 254.
31. Brian L. Ott, “Set Your Cathode Rays to Stun(ning),” Flow 1, no. 1 (February 2005). Accessed August 14, 2012, http://flowtv.org/2005/02/set-your-cathode-rays-to-stunning/.
32. Derek R. Sweet, “More Than Goth: The Rhetorical Reclamation of the Subcultural Self,” Popular Communication 3, no. 4 (2005): 241.
33. Michael Isikoff, “Bin Laden’s Death Rekindles ‘Enhanced’ Interrogation Debate,” NBCNews.com, May 2, 2011. Accessed October 28, 2011, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42863247/ns/world_news- death_of_bin_laden/#.UD57idZlTYg.
34. Barack Obama, “Nobel Peace Prize Lecture,” speech presented to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, Oslo, Norway, December 10, 2009, par. 19. Accessed November 1, 2011, http://www.nobelprize.org/ nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2009/obama-lecture_en.html.
35. Howard Fineman, “Reaction to Obama’s Nobel Speech,” interview with Robert Siegel, National Public Radio: All Things Considered, December 10, 2009. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId =121304855.
36. Obama, “Peace Prize Lecture,” par. 24.
37. Jeannette Rankin, “Peace and the Disarmament Conference,” Rankin Papers, Radcliffe College, quoted in Joan Hoff Wilson, “‘Peace is a Woman’s Job …’ Jeannette Rankin and the Origins American Foreign Policy: The Origins of Her Pacifism,” Montana: The Magazine of Western History 30, no. 1 (Winter 1980): 35.
38. Norma Hoff, Jeannette Rankin: America’s Conscience (Helena: Montana Historical Society Press, 2002), 114.
39. Noah Shachtman, “CIA Chief: Drones ‘Only Game in Town’ for Stopping Al Qaeda,” Wired.com, May 19, 2009. http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2009/05/cia-chief-drones-only-game-in-town-for- stopping-al-qaeda/.
40. Return of the Jedi, dir. Richard Marquand, 20th Century Fox, 1983.
41. Ken Hirschkop, Mikhail Bakhtin: An Aesthetic for Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 4.
1. Mikhail M. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin, ed. Michael Holquist, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981), 279.
2. Star Wars: Episode IV—A New Hope, dir. George Lucas, 20th Century Fox, 1977.
3. Darko Suvin, “On the Poetics of the Science Fiction Genre,” College English 34, no. 3 (December 1972): 377.
4. Ibid., 379.
5. Patricia Kerslake, Science Fiction and Empire (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2007), 1.
6. Jutta Weldes, To Seek Out New Worlds: Exploring Links Between Science Fiction and World Politics (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 8.
7. Donald M. Hassler and Clyde Wilcox, eds., Political Science Fiction (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1997), 6.
8. Calvin O. Schrag, Resources of Rationality: A Response to the Postmodern Challenge (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992), 136.
9. Ibid., 84.
10. Kenneth Burke, The Philosophy of Literary Form: Studies in Symbolic Action, 3d ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), 293.
11. Ibid., 296.
12. Ibid., 298.
13. Ibid., 304.
14. Barry Brummett, “Burke’s Representative Anecdote as a Method in Media Criticism,” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 1 (1984): 161.
15. Barry Brummett, “Electric Literature as Equipment for Living: Haunted House Films,” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 2 (1985): 248.
16. Ibid., 247.
17. Ibid., 251.
18. Brummett, “Representative Anecdote,” 174.
19. Brian L. Ott and Bett Bonnstetter, “‘We’re at Now, Now’: Spaceballs as Parodic Tourism,” Southern Communication Journal 72, no. 4 (October–December 2007): 312.
20. Ibid., 322.
21. Ibid., 313.
22. Michelle J. Kinnucan, “Pedagogy of (the) Force: The Myth of Redemptive Violence,” in Finding the Force of the Star Wars Franchise: Fans, Merchandise, & Critics, ed. Matthew W. Kapell et al. (New York: Peter Lang, 2006), 59.
23. Ibid., 65.
24. Joshua Atkinson and Bernadette Calafell, “Darth Vader Made Me Do It! Anakin Skywalker’s Avoidance of Responsibility and the Gray Areas of Hegemonic Masculinity in the Star Wars Universe,” Communication, Culture & Critique 2 (2009): 16.
25. Brian L. Ott and Carl R. Burgchardt, “On Critical-Rhetorical Pedagogy: Dialoging with Schindler’s List,” Western Journal of Communication 77, no. 1 (January-February 2013): 17.
26. Ibid., 15.
27. Gary S. Morson and Caryl Emerson, Mikhail Bakhtin: Creation of a Prosaics (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990), 125.
28. Mikhail M. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin, ed. Michael Holquist, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981), 284.
29. Ibid., 281.
30. Ibid., 291.
31. Mikhail M. Bakhtin, Speech Genres & Other Late Essays, ed. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist, trans. Vern W. McGee (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986), 68.
32. Ibid., 68.
33. Ibid., 68–69.
34. Ibid., 68.
35. Kay Halasek, “Starting the Dialogue: What Can We Do About Bakhtin’s Ambivalence Toward Rhetorc?” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 22, no. 4 (Autumn 1992): 5.
36. Ken Hirschkop, Mikhail Bakhtin: An Aesthetic for Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 245.
37. Martin Flanagan, Bakhtin and the Movies: New Ways of Understanding Hollywood Film (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 10.
38. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination, 256.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid., 254.
41. Peter Lev, “Whose Future? ‘Star Wars,’ Alien,’ and ‘Blade Runner,” Literature Film Quarterly 26, no. 1: 31.
42. Douglas Brode and Leah Deynaka, Myth, Media, and Culture in Star Wars: An Anthology (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2012). In the introduction, Brode situates the Star Wars franchise within the space opera sub-genre of science fiction. In Chapter One, Brode positions the same franchise as an epic Western. One chapter later (Chapter Two), Arthur Berger describes the original Star Wars film as a fairy tale.
43. Flanagan, Bakhtin and the Movies, 8.
44. Julia Kristeva, “Word, Dialogue, and Novel,” in The Kristeva Reader, ed. Toril Moi (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986), 37.
45. Anne Lancashire, “The Phantom Menace: Repetition, Variation, Integration,” Film Criticism 24 (2000): 24.
46. Ibid., 25.
47. Will Brooker, Hunting the Dark Knight: Twenty-First Century Batman (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), 47.
48. Jeffrey Bussolini, “Television Intertextuality After Buffy: Intertextuality of Casting and Constitutive Intertextuality,” Slayage: The Journal of the Whedon Studies Association 10, no. 1 (Winter 2013). Accessed October 13, 2013. /http://slayageonline.com/Numbers/slayage35.htm.
49. Ken Hirschkop, “Is Dialogism for Real?” Social Text 30 (1992): 108.
50. Hirschkop, Mikhail Bakhtin, 245.
51. Mikhail M. Bakhtin, Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics, trans. Caryl Emerson (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984), 110.
52. Bakhtin, Speech Genres, 150.
53. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination, 325.
54. John M. Murphy, “Mikhail Bakhtin and the Rhetorical Tradition,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 87, no. 3 (August 2001): 274.
55. Ibid., 272.
56. Kay Halasek, “Starting the Dialogue: What Can We Do About Bakhtin’s Ambivalence Toward Rhetoric?” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 22, no. 4 (Autumn 1992): 2.
57. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination, 279.
58. James P. Zappen, The Rebirth of Dialogue: Bakhtin, Socrates, and the Rhetorical Tradition (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004), 40–41.
59. Thomas B. Farrell, Norms of Rhetorical Culture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993), 238.
60. Calvin O. Schrag, “Rhetoric Situated at the End of Philosophy,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 71, no. 2 (1985): 169.
61. James Jasinski, “Heteroglossia, Polyphony, and The Federalist Papers,” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 27, no. 1 (Winter 1997): 25.
62. Calvin O. Schrag, Doing Philosophy with Others: Conversations, Reminiscences, and Reflections (West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 2010), 56.
63. Ibid., 57.
64. Ibid.
65. Calvin O. Schrag, Philosophical Papers: Betwixt and Between (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994), 231.
66. Ibid., 107.
67. Chris Pak, “The Dialogic Science Fiction Megatext: Vivisection in H. G. Wells’s The Island of Dr Moreau and Genetic Engineering in Gene Wolfe’s The Woman Who Loved the Centaur Pholus,” Green Letters: Studies in Ecocriticism 12, no. 1 (October 2012): 27.
68. Flanagan, Bakhtin and the Movies, 8–9.
69. Bakhtin, Speech Genres, 69.
1. George W. Bush, “President George W. Bush’s Address on Stem Cell Research,” CNN, August 9, 2001. Accessed May 28, 2015, http://edition.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/08/09/bush.transcript/.
2. “Carnage of Krell,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Kyle Dunlevy, writ. Matt Michnovetz, Cartoon Network, 18 November 2011.
3. Jason T. Eberl, “I, Clone: How Cloning Is (Mis)Portrayed in Contemporary Cinema,” Film & History 40, no. 2 (2010): 28.
4. Gabriele Griffin, “Science and the Cultural Imaginary: The Case of Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go,” Textual Practice 23, no. 4 (2009): 657.
5. Sheryl N. Hamilton, “Science Fiction and the Media,” Science Fiction Studies 30, no. 2 (July 2003): 267–282.
6. Patrick D. Hopkins, “Bad Copies: How Popular Media Represent Cloning as an Ethical Problem,” The Hastings Center Report 28, no. 2 (March-April 1998): 6–13.
7. Gina Kolata, “Scientist Reports First Cloning Ever of Adult Mammal,” New York Times, February 23, 1997, 1.
8. Hopkins, “Bad Copies,” 6–13.
9. Gail H. Javitt, Kristen Suthers, and Kathy Hudson, Cloning: A Policy Analysis (Washington, D.C.: Genetics and Public Policy Center, 2005).
10. William J. Clinton, “Remarks Announcing the Prohibition on Federal Funding for Cloning of Human Beings,” The American Presidency Project, March 4, 1997. Accessed October 8, 2012, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=53815.
11. National Bioethics Advisory Commission, Cloning Human Beings (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1997), iv.
12. Gretchen Vogel, “Cloning: Could Humans Be Next?” Science 291, no. 5505 (February 2, 2001): 808. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed November 1, 2012).
13. George W. Bush, “Address on Stem Cell Research.”
14. 144 Cong. Rec. S508 (daily ed. February 9, 1998) (statement of Sen. Harkin).
15. In an early House hearing Representative Upton remarked that the possibility of human cloning forces society to grapple with the idea of “what it means to be human.” Cloning: Legal, Medical, Ethical, and Social Issues. Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the Committee of Commerce, 105th Cong., 10 (February 12, 1998) (statement of Rep. Upton). Three years later, Senator Brownback echoed the sentiment and suggested that human cloning calls on congress and the broader society to “debate first principles—most particularly, the meaning of human life.” Human Cloning: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 107th Cong., 1 (May 2, 2001) (statement of Sen. Brownback).
16. 144 Cong. Rec. S434 (daily ed. February 5, 1998) (statement of Sen. Kennedy).
17. National Bioethics Advisory Commission, Cloning Human Beings, 66.
18. 147 Cong. Rec. H4929 (daily ed. July 31, 2001) (statement of Rep. DeMint).
19. 144 Cong. Rec. S319 (daily ed. February 3, 1998) (statement of Sen. Bond).
20. The Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2001 and the Cloning Prohibition Act of 2001: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, 107th Cong., 9 (June 20, 2001).
21. Cloning: Legal, Medical, Ethical, and Social Issues. Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the Committee of Commerce, 105th Cong., 40 (February 12, 1998) (statement of Nigel M. de S. Cameron).
22. Issues Raised by Human Cloning Research: Hearing Before the Subcommitte on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, 107th Cong., 96 (March 28, 2001) (statement of Arthur Caplan).
23. Joyce C. Havstad, “Human Reproductive Cloning: A Conflict of Liberties,” Bioethics 24, no. 2 (2010): 77.
24. Human Cloning: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime of the Committee on the Judiciary, 107th Cong., 10 (June 7, 2001) (statement of Dr. Leon Kass).
25. 143 Cong. Rec. S1735 (daily ed. February 27, 1997) (statement of Sen. Bond).
26. Ibid.
27. Issues Raised by Human Cloning Research: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, 107th Cong., 3 (March 28, 2001) (statement of Rep. Greenwood).
28. National Bioethics Advisory Commission, Cloning Human Beings, 72.
29. 147 Cong. Rec. H4927 (daily ed. July 31, 2001) (statement of Rep. Tiahrt).
30. 147 Cong. Rec. S7851 (daily ed. July 18, 2001) (statement of Sen. Frist).
31. Issues Raised by Human Cloning Research: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, 107th Cong., 9 (March 28, 2001) (statement of Rep. Stearns).
32. The Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2001 and the Cloning Prohibition Act of 2001: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, 107th Cong., 68 (June 20, 2001) (statement of Stuart A. Newman).
33. 149 Cong. Rec. H1400 (daily ed. February 27, 2003) (statement of Rep. Musgrave).
34. 147 Cong. Rec. H4921 (daily ed July 31, 2001) (statement of Rep. Pitts).
35. Issues Raised by Human Cloning Research: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, 107th Cong., 101 (March 28, 2001) (statement of Professor Pence).
36. Science and Ethics of Human Cloning: Hearings Before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space, 108th Cong., 36 (January 29, 2003) (statement of Leon Kass).
37. Human Cloning: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 107th Cong., 5 (May 2, 2001) (statement of Sen. Weldon).
38. Ibid., 33.
39. Jorge L. A. Garcia, “Human Cloning: Never and Why Not,” in Human Cloning: Science, Ethics, and Public Policy, ed. Barbara MacKinnon (Urbana: University of Illinois, 2000), 94.
40. “Ambush,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Dave Bullock, writ. Steven Melching, Cartoon Network, 3 October 2008.
41. “Carnage of Krell,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars.
42. “Fugitive,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Danny Keller, writ. Katie Lucas, Netflix, March 7, 2014.
43. “The Deserter,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Robert Dalva, writ. Carl Ellsworth, Cartoon Network, 1 January 2010.
44. “Plan of Dissent,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Kyle Dunlevy, writ. Matt Michnovetz, Cartoon Network, 11 November 2011.
45. “Carnage of Krell,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars.
46. “The Hidden Enemy,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Steward Lee, writ. Drew Z. Greenberg, Cartoon Network, 6 February 2009.
47. “ARC Troopers,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Kyle Dunleavy, writ. Cameron Litvack, Cartoon Network, 17 September 2010.
48. “Clone Cadets,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Dave Filoni, writ. Cameron Litvack, Cartoon Network, 17 September 2010.
49. Ibid.
50. Brian Ott, “(Re)framing Fear: Equipment for Living in a Post–9/11 World,” in Cylons in America: Critical Studies in Battlestar Galactica, ed. Tiffany Potter and C. W. Marshall (London: Continuum International, 2007), 19.
51. Mikhail M. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin, ed. Michael Holquist, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981), 324.
1. Dick Cheney, “The Vice President Appears on Meet the Press with Tim Russert,” President George W. Bush White House Archives, September 16, 2001. Accessed August 20, 2013, http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/ vicepresident/news-speeches/speeches/vp20010916.html.
2. “Cloak of Darkness,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Dave Filoni, writ. Paul Dini, Cartoon Network, 5 December 2008.
3. “Convention (III) Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War: Article III,” International Committee of the Red Cross. Last modified May 14, 2012, http://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/vwTreaties1949.xsp.
4. United Nations, Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Treaty Series, vol. 1465 (December 10, 1984): 113–114.
5. Michael P. Vicaro, “A Liberal Use of ‘Torture’: Pain, Personhood, and Precedent in the U.S. Federal Definition of Torture,” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 14, no. 3 (2011): 404.
6. Rebecca Leung, “60 Minutes II Has Exclusive Report on Alleged Mistreatment,” CBSNews.com, April 27, 2004. Accessed April 10, 2013, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/abuse-of-iraqi-pows-by-gis-probed/.
7. Dana Milbank, “Bush Seeks to Reassure Nation on Iraq,” Washington Post, May 25, 2004. Accessed April 10, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A52711–2004May24.html.
8. Bob Herbert, “It’s Called Torture,” New York Times, February 28, 2005. Accessed April 10, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/28/opinion/its-called-torture.html.
9. “About those Black Sites.” New York Times, February 18, 2013, Late Edition (East Coast). http://search.proquest.com/docview/1288302259?accountid=27921.
10. Jeremy Scahill, “The CIA’s Secret Sites in Somalia,” The Nation, August 1, 2011, 11–16.
11. “Cloak of Darkness,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars.
12. Bob Rehak, “Adapting Watchmen after 9/11,” Cinema Journal 51, no. 1 (Fall 2011): 158.
13. Jeffrey C. Alexander, et al., Cultural Trauma and Collective Identity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004), 1.
14. Rehak, “Adapting Watchmen,” 157.
15. Claire Sisco King, “Rogue Waves, Remakes, and Resurrections: Allegorical Displacement and Screen Memory in Poseidon,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 94, no. 4 (November 2008): 435.
16. Ibid., 448.
17. Vincent M. Gaine, “Remember Everything, Absolve Nothing: Working Through Trauma in the Bourne Trilogy,” Cinema Journal 51, no. 1 (Fall 2011): 159.
18. Ibid., 163.
19. Anna Froula, “‘9/11—What’s That?’ Trauma, Temporality, and Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles,” Cinema Journal 51, no. 1 (Fall 2011): 175.
20. Matthew B. Hill, “‘I Am a Leaf on the Wind’: Cultural Trauma and Mobility in Joss Whedon’s Firefly,” Exploitation 50, no. 3 (2009): 485.
21. Ibid., 503.
22. Aristotelis Nikolaidis, “Televising Counter Terrorism: Torture, Denial, and Exception in the Case of 24,” Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies 25, no. 2 (April 2011): 217.
23. Keren Tenenboim-Weinblatt, “‘Where Is Jack Bauer When You Need Him?’ The Uses of Television Drama in Mediated Political Discourse,” Political Communication 26, no. 4 (2009): 368.
24. Ibid., 381.
25. Karen Randell, “‘Now the Gloves Come Off’: The Problematic of ‘Enhanced Interrogation Techniques’ in Battlestar Galactica,” Cinema Journal 51, no. 1 (Fall 2011): 169.
26. Ott, “(Re)Framing Fear,” 19–20.
27. Randell, “‘Now the Gloves Come Off,’” 173.
28. John Ip, “The Dark Knight’s War on Terrorism,” Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 9, no. 1 (2011): 210.
29. Star Wars: Episode V—The Empire Strikes Back, dir. Kershner, 20th Century Fox, 1980.
30. Burton J. Lee, III, “The Stain of Torture,” Washington Post, July 1, 2005, A25.
31. David Lubin, “Liberalism, Torture, and the Ticking Bomb,” in The Torture Debate in America, ed. Karen J. Greenberg (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 45.
32. Richard H. Dees, “Moral Ambiguity in a Black-and-White Universe,” in Star Wars and Philosophy: More Powerful Than You Can Possibly Imagine, ed. Kevin S. Decker and Jason T. Eberl (New York: Barnes and Noble, 2009), 39.
33. “Mystery of a Thousand Moons,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Jesse Yeh, writ. Brian Larsen, Cartoon Network, 13 February 2009.
34. “Brain Invaders,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Steward Lee, writ. Andrew Kreisberg, Cartoon Network, 4 December 2009.
35. “The Wrong Jedi,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Dave Filoni, writ. Charles Murray, Cartoon Network, 2 March 2013.
36. “Cloak of Darkness,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars.
37. Ibid.
38. “Lightsaber Lost,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Giancarlo Volpe, writ. Drew Z. Greenberg, Cartoon Network, 22 January 2010.
39. “Tera Sinube,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars Databank. Accessed April 20, 2013, http://www.starwars.com/databank/tera-sinube.
40. “Overlords,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Steward Lee, writ. Christian Taylor, Cartoon Network, 28 January 2011.
41. “Children of the Force,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Brian Kalin O’Connell, writ. Henry Gilroy and Wendy Mericle, Cartoon Network, 9 October 2009.
42. Star Wars: Episode I—The Phantom Menace, dir. George Lucas, 20th Century Fox, 1999.
43. “Children of the Force,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars.
44. Ibid.
45. “Grievous Intrigue,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Giancarlo Volpe, writ. Ben Edlund, Cartoon Network, 1 January 2010.
46. “Prisoners,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Danny Keller and writen by Jose Molina, Cartoon Network, 23 September 2011.
47. Mikhail M. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin, ed. Michael Holquist, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981), 280.
48. Seidman, 918.
49. Thomas A. Bass, “Counterinsurgency and Torture,” American Quarterly 60, no. 2 (June 2008): 239.
50. Jason Dittmer, Captain America and the National Superhero: Metaphors, Narratives, and Geopolitics (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2013), 2–3.
1. Barack Obama, “A Just and Lasting Peace,” Vital Speeches of the Day 76, no. 2 (February 2010): 50.
2. “Sacrifice,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Steward Lee, writ. Christian Taylor, Netflix, 7 March 2014.
3. Star Wars: Episode I—A Phantom Menace, dir. George Lucas, 20th Century Fox, 1999.
4. “Sabotage,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Brian Kalin O’ Connell, writ. Charles Murray, Cartoon Network, 9 February 2013.
5. Michael Walzer, “Coda: Can the Good Guys Win,” The European Journal of International Law 24, no. 1 (2013): 434.
6. Ibid.
7. Barack Obama, “Obama’s Speech Against the Iraq War,” npr.org, delivered October 2, 2002, last modified January 20, 2009. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99591469.
8. Norwegian Nobel Committee, “The Nobel Peace Prize for 2009,” Nobelprize.org, October 9, 2009. Accessed June 12, 2014, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2009/press.html.
9. Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President on Winning the Nobel Peace Prize,” whitehouse.gov, delivered October 9, 2009. Accessed June 12, 2013, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/ Remarks-by-the-President-on-Winning-the-Nobel-Peace-Prize/.
10. Barack Obama, “Ebenezer Baptist Church Address,” American Rhetoric Online Speech Bank, delivered January 20, 2008. Accessed May 21, 2015, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/barackobama/barackobamaebenezerbaptist.htm.
11. Martin Luther King, Jr., “Beyond Vietnam–A Time to Break Silence,” American Rhetoric Online Speech Bank, delivered April 4, 1967. Accessed June 15, 2013, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkatimetobreaksilence.htm.
12. Obama, “Lasting Peace,” 50.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid., 51.
15. Ibid.
16. James T. Kloppenberg, Reading Obama: Dreams, Hope, and the American Political Tradition (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011), xii.
17. Ibid., 775.
18. Obama, “Lasting Peace,” 51.
19. Ibid., 50.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., 51.
22. Ibid., 52.
23. Ibid., 51, 53.
24. Ibid., 52.
25. Ibid., 53.
26. Ibid., 52.
27. Ibid., 53.
28. Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations (New York: Basic Books, 1977), 21.
29. Obama, “Lasting Peace,” 52.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid., 51.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Roger Stahl, “Why We ‘Support the Troops”: Rhetorical Evolutions,” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 12, no. 4 (Winter 2009): 557.
35. Obama, “Lasting Peace,” 51.
36. Robert Terrill, “An Uneasy Peace: Barack Obama’s Nobel Peace Prize Lecture,” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 14, no. 4 (2011): 772.
37. Ibid., 776.
38. Joshua Reeves and Matthew S. May, “The Peace Rhetoric of a War President: Barack Obama and the Just War Legacy,” Public Affairs 16, no. 4: 640.
39. Ibid.
40. Kelly Denton-Borhaug, “Beyond Iraq and Afghanistan: Religion and Politics in United States War-Culture,” Dialog: A Journal of Theology 51, no. 2 (Summer 2012): 126.
41. Star Wars: Episode IV–A New Hope, dir. George Lucas, 20th Century Fox, 1977.
42. Nick Jamilla, “Defining the Jedi Order: Star Wars’ Narrative and the Real World,” in Sex, Politics, and Religion in Star Wars: An Anthology, ed. Douglas Brode and Leah Deyneka (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2012), 155.
43. “Tresspass,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Brian Kalin O’Connell, writ. Steven Melching, Cartoon Network, 30 January 2009.
44. “Heroes on Both Sides,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Kyle Dunlevy, writ. Daniel Arkin, Cartoon Network, 19 November 2010.
45. “The Academy,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Giancarlo Volpe, writ. Cameron Litvack, Cartoon Network, 15 October 2010.
46. In the episode “Assassin,” Senator Amidala attends a refugee relief conference on the planet Alderaan. Ahsoka Tano serves as a member of Senator Amidala’s diplomatic security. “Assassin,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Kyle Dunlevy, writ. Katie Lucas, Cartoon Network, 22 October 2010.
47. The storyline runs for three consecutive episodes in Season Four: “Water War,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Duwayne Dunham, writ. Jose Molina, Cartoon Network, 16 September 2011; “Gungan Attack,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Brian Kalin O’Connell, writ. Jose Molina, Cartoon Network, 16 September 2011; and “Prisoners,” “Water War,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Danny Keller, writ. Jose Molina, Cartoon Network, 23 September 2011.
48. “Shadow Warrior,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Brian Kalin O’Connell, writ. Daniel Arkin, Cartoon Network, 30 September 2011.
49. Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Dave Filoni, Burbank, CA: Warner Bros. Pictures, 2008.
50. “A War on Two Fronts,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Dave Filoni, writ. Chris Collins, Cartoon Network, 6 October 2012.
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid.
53. “Lair of Grievous,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Atsushi Takeuchi, writ. Henry Gilroy, Cartoon Network, 12 December 2008.
54. “The Zillo Beast,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Giancarlo Volpe, writ. Craig Titley, Cartoon Network, 9 April 2010.
55. “Lair of Grievous,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars.
56. “Jedi Crash,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Rob Coleman, writ. Katie Lucas, Cartoon Network, 16 January 2009.
57. “The Mandalore Plot,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Kyle Dunlevy, writ. Melinda Hsu, Cartoon Network, 29 January 2010.
58. “Sabotage,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars.
59. Paul F. McDonald, The Star Wars Heresies: Interpreting the Themes, Symbols, and Philosophies of Episodes I, II, and III (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2013), 106.
60. “The Jedi Who Knew Too Much,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Danny Keller, writ. Charles Murray, Cartoon Network, 16 February 2013.
61. “The Wrong Jedi,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Dave Filoni, writ. Charles Murray, Cartoon Network, 2 March 2013.
62. “Destiny,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Kyle Dunlevy, writ. Christian Taylor, Netflix, 7 March 2014.
63. J. P. Telotte, “Science Fiction in Double Focus: Forbidden Planet,” Film Criticism 13, no. 3 (Spring 1989): 31.
64. Lincoln Geraghty, “Creating and Comparing Myth in Twentieth Century Science Fiction: Star Trek and Star Wars.” Literature/Film Quarterly 33 (2005): 194.
65. “Sacrifice,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars.
66. McDonald, The Star Wars Heresies, 149.
1. Starhawk, “Code Pink,” Starhawk.org. Accessed May 27, 2015, http://starhawk.org/writing/ activism/iraq/.
2. “Heroes on Both Sides,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Kyle Dunlevy, writ. Daniel Arkin, Cartoon Network, 19 November 2010.
3. Starhawk, “Code Pink.”
4. Harriet Hyman Alonso, Peace as a Women’s Issue: A History of the U.S. Movement for World Peace and Women’s Rights (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1993), 8.
5. Sara Ruddick, Maternal Thinking: Toward a Politics of Peace (New York: Ballantine, 1990), 145.
6. Joan Hoff Wilson, “‘Peace is a Woman’s Job …’ Jeannette Rankin and the Origins American Foreign Policy: The Origins of Her Pacifism,” Montana: The Magazine of Wester History 30, no. 2 (Spring 1980): 40.
7. Jeannette Rankin, “Peace and the Disarmament Conference,” in “Two Votes Against War” and Other Writings on Peace (New York: A. J. Muste Institute, 2001), 21.
8. Charlie Rose, “George Lucas on the Meaning of Star Wars,” YouTube video, 3:33, from a live interview conducted during Chicago Ideas Week on October 17, 2014, posted by Charlie Rose, October 23, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-pbRGtWkHWg.
9. Roy M. Anker, Catching Light: Looking for God in the Movies (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2004), 235.
10. Karen J. Warren and Duane L. Cady, “Feminism and Peace: Seeing Connections,” Hypatia 9, no. 2 (Spring 1994): 4.
11. Carol Cohn, “Wars, Wimps, and Women: Talking Gender and Thinking War,” in Gendering War Talk, ed. Miriam Cooke and Angela Woollacott (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993), 241.
12. Ibid.
13. Carol Cohn and Sara Ruddick, “A Feminist Ethical Perspective on Weapons of Mass Destruction,” in Ethics and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Religious and Secular Perspectives, ed. Sohail Hashmi and Lee Steven (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 406.
14. Lucinda J. Peach, “An Alternative to Pacifism? Feminism and Just-War Theory,” in Bringing Peace Home: Feminism, Violence, and Nature, ed. Karen J. Warren and Duane L. Cady (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996),192.
15. Rebecca Spence and Jason McLeod, “Building the Road as We Walk It: Peacebuilding as Principled Revolutionary Nonviolent Praxis,” Social Alternatives 21, no. 2 (Autumn 2002): 62.
16. Thomas A. Horne, “James Mangold’s 3:10 to Yuma and the Mission in Iraq,” Journal of Film and Video 65 no. 3 (Fall 2013): 40.
17. Mark J. Lacy, “War, Cinema, and Moral Anxiety,” Alternatives 28 (2003): 624.
18. Geoff King and Tanya Krzywinska, Science Fiction Cinema: From Outerspace to Cyberspace (London: Wallflower Press, 2000), 7.
19. M. Keith Booker, Monsters, Mushroom Clouds, and the Cold War: American Science Fiction and the Roots of Postmodernism, 1946–1964 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001), 3.
20. M. Keith Booker, Alternate Americas: Science Fiction Film and American Culture (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006), 31.
21. Ibid., 34.
22. Ibid., 143.
23. Michael Charles Pounds, “‘Explorers’–Star Trek: Deep Space Nine,” African Identities 7, no. 2 (May 2009): 215.
24. Jules Weldes, “Going Cultural: Star Trek, State Action, and Popular Culture,” Millenium–Journal of International Studies 28 (1999): 127.
25. Gary Westfahl, Science Fiction, Children’s Literature, and Popular Culture: Coming of Age in Fantasyland (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000), 77.
26. Neta Crawford, “Feminist Futures: Science Fiction, Utopia, and the Art of Possibilities in World Politics,” in To Seek Out New Worlds: Exploring Links Between Science Fiction and World Politics, ed. Jutta Weldes (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 204.
27. Ibid., 197–198.
28. Abigail E. Ruane and Patrick James, “The International Relations of Middle-earth: Learning from The Lord of the Rings,” International Studies Perspectives 9 (2008): 380–381.
29. Ibid., 383.
30. Wim Tigges, “Xena Rules: A Feminized Version of Antony and Cleopatra,” Feminist Media Studies 10, no. 4 (2010): 452.
31. William Ashbaugh and Mizushima Shintarou, “‘Peace Through Understanding’: How Science-Fiction Anime Mobile Suit Gundam 00 Criticizes U.S. Aggression and Japanese Passivity,” Asian Journal of Global Studies 5, no. 2 (2012–2013): 110–111.
32. Ibid., 114.
33. Anjana Mebane-Cruz and Margaret Wiener, “Imagining ‘The Good Reality’: Communities of Healing in Two Works of Utopian Fiction,” Contemporary Justice Review 8, no. 3 (September 2005): 316.
34. Joan Haran, “Redefining Hope as Praxis,” Journal for Cultural Research 14, no. 4 (October 2010): 393–408.
35. Jeanette Rankin, “Two Votes Against War,” in “Two Votes Against War” and Other Writings on Peace (New York: A. J. Muste Institute, 2001), 5.
36. Ibid., 8.
37. Joan Hoff-Wilson, “‘Peace is a Woman’s Job …’ Jeannette Rankin and the Origins American Foreign Policy: The Origins of Her Pacifism,” Montana: The Magazine of Western History 30, no. 1 (Winter 1980): 39.
38. James J. Lopach and Jean A. Luckowski, Jeannette Rankin: A Political Woman (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2005), 181.
39. Rankin, “Two Votes Against War,” 11.
40. Norma Smith, Jeannette Rankin: America’s Conscience (Helena: Montana Historical Society Press, 2002), 201; Rankin, “Two Votes Against War,” 8.
41. Hoff-Wilson, “Jeannette Rankin,” 50.
42. Jeannette Rankin, “Mass Action and Its Effect on International Cooperation for World Peace,” in “Two Votes Against War” and Other Writings on Peace (New York: A. J. Muste Institute, 2001), 30; Jeanette Rankin, “Peace Through Political Action,” in “Two Votes Against War” and Other Writings on Peace (New York: A. J. Muste Institute, 2001), 16.
43. Rankin, “Mass Action,” 30.
44. Jeannette Rankin, “Beware of Holy Wars!” in “Two Votes Against War” and Other Writings on Peace (New York: A. J. Muste Institute, 2001), 35.
45. Rankin, “Mass Action,” 31.
46. Jeannette Rankin, “I Would Vote ‘No’ Again,” in “Two Votes Against War” and Other Writings on Peace (New York: A. J. Muste Institute, 2001), 28.
47. Rankin, “Peace Through Political Action,” 15.
48. Rankin, “Mass Action,” 33.
49. Ibid., 27, 29.
50. Jeannette Rankin, “Peace and the Disarmament Conference,” 20–21.
51. Rankin, “Beware of Holy Wars!” 36–37.
52. Rankin, “Two Votes Against War,” 10.
53. Ibid.
54. Ibid.
55. Rankin, “Peace and the Disarmament Conference,” 20.
56. Ibid.
57. Ibid., 23–24.
58. Rankin, “You Cannot Have Wars Without Women,” in “Two Votes Against War” and Other Writings on Peace (New York: A. J. Muste Institute, 2001), 38.
59. Ibid., 19.
60. Rankin, “Peace and the Disarmament Conference,” 21.
61. Rankin, “You Cannot Have Wars Without Women,” 38.
62. Rankin, “Peace and the Disarmament Conference,” 23.
63. Rankin, “Disarmament Conference,” 21.
64. Rankin, “Two Votes Against War,” 10.
65. Rankin, “Peace Through Political Action,” 15.
66. Rankin, “Two Votes Against War,” 8.
67. Rankin, “Peace Through Political Action,” 15.
68. Ibid., 14.
69. Ibid.
70. Ibid.
71. Rankin, “Mass Action,” 29.
72. Rankin, “Peace Through Political Action,” 15.
73. Jeanne Cavelos, “Stop Her, She’s got a Gun! How the Rebel Princess and the Virgin Queen Become Marginalized and Powerless in George Lucas’s Fairy Tale,” in Star Wars on Trial: Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Debate the Most Popular Science Fiction Films of All Time, ed. David Brin and Matthew Woodring Stover (Dallas: Benbella, 2006), 318.
74. Diana Dominguez, “Feminism and the Force: Empowerment and Disillusionment in a Galaxy Far, Far Away,” in Culture, Identities and Technology in the Star Wars Films, ed. Carl Silvio and Tony M. Vinci (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2006), 128.
75. Ray Merlock and Kathy Merlock Jackson, “Lightsabers, Political Arenas, and Marriages for Princess Leia and Queen Amidala,” in Sex, Politics, and Religion in Star Wars: An Anthology, ed. Douglas Brode and Leah Deyneka (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2012), 87.
76. John C. McDowell, “‘Wars Not Make One Great’: Redeeming the Star Wars Mythos from Redemptive Violence Without Amusing Ourselves to Death,” Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 22, no. 1 (Spring 2010): 42.
77. “Assassin,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Kyle Dunlevy, writ. Katie Lucas, Cartoon Network, 22 October 2010.
78. “Water War,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Duwayne Dunham, writ. Jose Molina, Cartoon Network, 16 September 2011.
79. “Heroes on Both Sides,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars.
80. “Pursuit of Peace,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Duwayne Dunham, writ. Daniel Arkin, Cartoon Network, 3 December 2010.
81. “Voyage of Temptation,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Brian Kalin O’Connell, writ. Paul Dini, Cartoon Network, 5 February 2010.
82. “Duchess of Mandalore,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Brian Kalin O’Connell, writ. Drew Z Greenberg, Cartoon Network, 12 February 2010.
83. “The Mandalore Plot,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Kyle Dunlevy, writ. Melinda Hsu, Cartoon Network, 29 January 2010.
84. Ibid.
85. “Duchess of Mandalore,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars.
86. Ibid.
87. “Shades of Reason,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Bosco Ng, writ. Chris Collins, Cartoon Network, 26 January 2013.
88. George W. Bush, “9/11 Remarks at Barksdale Air Force Base,” American Rhetoric Online Speech Bank, delivered September 11, 2001. Accessed May 22, 2015, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gwbush911barksdale.htm.
89. Barbara Levy Simon, “Women of Conscience: Jeannette Rankin and Barbara Lee,” Affilia 17, no. 3 (Fall 2002): 385.
90. Rosemarie Zagarri, “Morals, Manners, and the Republic Mother,” American Quarterly 44, no. 2 (June 1992): 207.
91. Shawn J. Parry-Giles and Diane M. Blair, “The Rise of the Rhetorical First Lady: Politics, Gender, Ideology, and Women’s Voice, 1789–2002,” Rhetoric and Public Affairs 5, no. 4 (Winter 2002): 575.
92. Ruddick, Maternal Thinking, 220.
1. Leland Chee, Twitter post, February 13, 2015, 12:45 a.m., https://twitter.com/holocronkeeper/.
2. International Human Rights Clinic at Harvard Law School, Shaking the Foundations: The Human Rights Implications of Killer Robots (New York: Human Rights Watch, 2014): 24.
3. Susan Sontag, “The Imagination of Disaster,” Commentary 14 (October 1965): 47.
4. J. P. Telotte, “Science Fiction in Double Focus: Forbidden Planet,” Film Criticism 13, no. 3 (Spring 1989): 28.
5. Rowland Hughes, “The Ends of the Earth: Nature, Narrative, and Identity in Dystopian Film,” Critical Survey 25, no. 2 (2013): 27.
6. Stephen T. Asma, On Monsters: An Unnatural History of Our Worst Fears (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 258.
7. Eric Herhuth, “Life, Love, and Programming: The Culture and Politics of WALL-E and Pixar Computer Animation,” Cinema Journal 53, no. 4 (Summer 2014): 60.
8. Robert F. Arnold, “Termination or Transformation: The Terminator Films and Recent Changes in the U.S. Auto Industry,” Film Quarterly 52, no. 1 (Autumn 1998): 22.
9. Ibid.
10. Alicia Gibson, “Atomic Pop! Astro Boy, the Dialectic of Enlightenment, and the Machinic Modes of Being,” Cultural Critique 80 (Winter 2012): 195–196.
11. Janice Hocker Rushing and Thomas S. Frenz, Projecting the Shadow: The Cyborg Hero in American Film (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 39.
12. Ibid., 178.
13. Ibid., 179.
14. Mark Jancovich, “Modernity and Subjectivity in The Terminator: The Machine as Monster in Contemporary Culture,” The Velvet Light Trap 30 (Fall 1992): 5.
15. Congressional Research Service, U.S. Unmanned Aerial Systems, by Jeremiah Gertler, R42136 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, January 3, 2012), 8.
16. Robert Sparrow, “Killer Robots,” Journal of Applied Philosophy 24, no. 1 (2007): 63.
17. P. W. Singer, “Robots at War: The New Battlefield,” The Wilson Quarterly 33, no. 1 (Winter 2009): 31–32.
18. Ibid., 36.
19. International Human Rights Clinic at Harvard Law School, Mind the Gap: The Lack of Accountability for Killer Robots (New York: Human Rights Watch, 2015), 6; The International Human Rights Clinic at Harvard Law School, Losing Humanity: The Case Against Killer Robots (New York: Human Rights Watch, 2012), 2.
20. Losing Humanity, 6.
21. Ibid.
22. International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic at Stanford Law School and Global Justice Clinic at NYU School of Law, Living Under Drones: Death, Injury, and Trauma to Civilians from U.S. Drone Practices in Pakistan (Stanford: Stanford Law School, 2012).
23. Center for Civilians in Conflict and Human Rights Clinic at Columbia Law School, The Civilian Impact of Drones: Unexamined Costs, Unanswered Questions (New York: Columbia Law School, 2012): 34.
24. Losing Humanity, 30.
25. International Human Rights Clinic at Harvard Law School, Shaking the Foundations: The Human Rights Implications of Killer Robots (New York: Human Rights Watch, 2014), 6.
26. Shaking Foundations, 23.
27. Losing Humanity, 37.
28. Living Under Drones, 7.
29. Civilian Impact, 68.
30. P. W. Singer, Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the 21st Century (New York: Penguin, 2009), 319.
31. Losing Humanity, 40.
32. Mind the Gap, 7.
33. Shaking the Foundations, 13.
34. Civilian Impact, 11.
35. Ibid., 8.
36. Ibid., 20.
37. Ibid.
38. Living Under Drones, 55.
39. Civilian Impact, 24.
40. Living Under Drones, 81.
41. Losing Humanity, 32.
42. Shaking the Foundations, 16.
43. Mind the Gap, 24.
44. Ibid., 7.
45. Mind the Gap, 11.
46. Civilian Impact, 3; Shaking the Foundations, 4; Losing Humanity, 5.
47. Shaking the Foundations, 24.
48. “Weapons Factory,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Giancarlo Volpe, writ. Brian Larsen, Cartoon Network, 13 November 2009.
49. “Grievous Intrigue,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Giancarlo Volpe, writ. Ben Edlund, Cartoon Network, 1 January 2010.
50. Robert Arp, “‘If Droids Could Think…’: Droids as Slaves and Persons,” in Star Wars and Philosophy: More Powerful Than You Can Possibly Imagine, ed. Kevin S. Decker and Jason T. Eberl (New York: Barnes and Noble, 2009), 130.
51. “Duel of the Droids,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Rob Coleman, writ. Kevin Campbell and Henry Gilroy, Cartoon Network, 12 November 2008.
52. “Artoo Come Home,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Giancarlo Volpe, writ. Eoghan Mahony, Cartoon Network, 30 April 2010.
53. “Secret Weapons,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Danny Keller, writ. Brent Friedman, Cartoon Network, 1 December 2012.
54. “Point of No Return,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Bosco Ng, writ. Brent Friedman, Cartoon Network, 12 January 2013.
55. “Heroes on Both Sides,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Kyle Dunleavy, writ. Daniel Arkin, Cartoon Network, 19 November 2010.
56. “Sabotage,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Brian Kalin O’Connell, writ. Charles Murray, Cartoon Network, 9 February 2013.
57. Jason Fry, Star Wars: The Clone Wars Episode Guide (New York: DK, 2013), 44.
58. “Innocents of Ryloth,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Justin Ridge, writ. Henry Gilroy, Cartoon Network, 6 March 2009.
59. “Heroes on Both Sides,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars.
60. “Bombad Jedi,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Jesse Yeh, writ. Kevin Rubio, Henry Gilroy, and Steven Melching, Cartoon Network, 21 November 2008; “Sphere of Influence,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Kyle Dunlevy, writ. Katie Lucas and Steven Melching, Cartoon Network, 1 October 2010.
61. “Assassin,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Kyle Dunlevy, writ. Katie Lucas, Cartoon Network, 22 October 2010.
62. “Mercy Mission,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Danny Keller, writ. Bonnie Mark, Cartoon Network, 7 October 2011.
63. “Nomad Droids,” Star Wars: The Clone Wars, dir. Steward Lee, writ. Steve Mitchell and Craig Van Sickle, Cartoon Network, 14 October 2011.
64. J. P. Tellote, Replications: A Robotic History of the Science Fiction Film (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995), 7.
65. Mikhail M. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin, ed. Michael Holquist, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981), 272.
66. Tellote, Replications, 23.
67. Asp, 128.
68. J. P. Telotte, “Human Artifice and the Science Fiction Film,” Film Quarterly 36 no. 3 (Spring 1983): 44.
1. Mikhail M. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin, edited by Michael Holquist and translated by Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981), 282.
2. Star Wars: Episode VI—Return of the Jedi, dir. Richard Marquand, CA: 20th Century Fox, 1983.
3. Lisbet van Zoonen, Entertaining the Citizen: When Politics and Popular Culture Converge (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005), 124.
4. Martin Flanagan, Bakhtin and the Movies: New Ways of Understanding Hollywood Films (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 6.
5. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination, 277.
6. Ibid., 275.
7. Carl Silvio and Tony M. Vinci, Culture, Identities and Technology in the Star Wars Films: Essays on the Two Trilogies (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2007), 3.
8. Ken Hirschkop, Mikhail Bakhtin: An Aesthetic for Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 184.
9. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination, 282.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., 291.