Index

Abbasid caliphate, 316–17, 397–8
translation movement, 303–5, 340–1, 356–7
Abū Qurra, Theodore, 339–40
Abū Zaid, Nasr, 545
al-Afghānī, Jamāl al-Dīn, 545–6
Afshar, Nader Shah, 52
ahl al-kitāb (People of the Book), 16, 49–50, 97, 127, 260, 476, 527, 597–9
Akbar the Great, 52
Aleppo, 508, 512
Alexandria, 236–8
Amenophis IV (Akhnaton), 90
Anatoli, Jacob, 48
al-Andalus, 46, 124–5, 127, 130, 340
Antioch, 238–40
apocalypticism, 114, 167, 416
Aquinas, Thomas 
on creation, 365–70
on prayer, 435
on the ‘unbeliever’, 194, 198
political philosophy, 400
Arabian customary law, 142–3
Aristotle, 332–3, 520
Arslān al-Dimashqī, Shaykh, 513
asceticism, 450, 463–4
Augustine of Hippo, 169–70, 503–4, 576–7
on Jewish dietary laws, 471
scriptural interpretation, 241–2
Averroes (Ibn Rushd), 332–3, 349–50
on creation, 361
Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā)
on creation, 358–9
on love, 528
Axial Age, 24
Baptism, 453–8, 461–2, 492
Baptist movement, 77
bar Sudhailē, Stephen, 201
Benedict XVI, 531
Benjamin of Tudela, 512
Berbers, 124
binding of Isaac, 95
Bin-Nun, Yoel, 543
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 65, 189, 191–2
Bodin, Jean, 66
Bonaventure, 366
Book of the Dove, 200
Bullard, Reader, 545
al-Bustānī, Sulaymān, 308
caliphate, 156–7
Cappellus, Ludwig, 209
Cave of the Patriarchs, 499, 511
Christian Universalism, 71–2
Chrysostom, John, 239
church fathers 
apologetic literature, 299–300
on apocalyptic traditions, 286
on dualism, 420–1
on prophecy, 257
Church law, 141–2, 144
Codex Iuris Canonici, 434
Decretum, 170–2
on lay leadership, 154–5
Synodicon orientale, 146–7, 153–4
Cicero, 63
Cohen, Hermann, 521
Crescas, Ḥasdai, 523
Cyril of Alexandria, 240
Cyril of Jerusalem, 504
Dante, 198
Darby, John Nelson, 539
de Acosta, José, 183
de Boulainvilliers, Henry, 184
de Flavin, Melchior, 66
de Wette, Wilhelm Martin Leberecht, 218–19
Delitzsch, Friedrich, 220
demons, 459–60
dhimmī, 66, 97, 125, 143
divination, 283–4
Documentary Hypothesis, 218
dualism 
eschatology, 413
in Dead Sea Scrolls, 411, 414–16
in Fourth Gospel, 411, 415–16
Elkasaites, 257–8
Emancipation, 492
Emden, Jacob, 48
Enlightenment, 185–6
Ephrem, 239–40
Epicurus, 90
Equal Rights Amendment, 541
Eucharist, 432, 443, 453–5, 461–2
Eusebius, 168–9
falsafa, 332–3, 359–69
Falwell, Jerry, 544
al-Fārābī, Abū Naṣr Muḥammad 
influence of Plato upon, 344–6, 398
on kalām, 347
on love, 526
on oneness, 318–19, 324
on the Greek tradition, 341–3
universalism, 347–8
al-Fayyumi, Nathanael, 197
festivals, 440–3
fiqh, 484
Foucault, Michel, 26
Geiger, Abraham, 221
George of Hungary, 180–1
Gersonides, Levi, 523
al-Ghazālī, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad, 334–5
on creation, 360
Gilles of Rome, 67
Gnosticism, 421
Neo-Gnostic movements, 422
Gospel of Barnabas, 110
Greek language, 311
Gregory of Nyssa, 238
Guinness, Henry Grattan, 75
ḥadīth 111–12, 484, 490
al-Ḥakīm, Tawfīq, 308–9
halakhah, 379, 483–4
Halevi, Judah 
and the Greek tradition, 301–2
Book of Kuzar, 43, 45–7, 64, 197
Halivni, David, 571–4
al-Harawī, ʿAlī b. Abī Bakr, 511–12
Ḥaredim, 542
Hartill, J. E., 77
Hebrew Bible 
early historical-critical approach, 214–17
in early Christian interpretation, 234–5
literary character, 98
modern historical-critical approach, 217–20
on Abraham, 4–7, 37–8
on justice, 139
on prophecy, 255–6
Heidegger, Martin
on interpretation, 227
Hellenism
influence on Abrahamic religions, 113
Herbert, George, 519
Hobbes, Thomas 
on Abraham, 28–9
homo oeconomicus, 27
homo religiosus 
Abraham as, 4, 19
Horowitz, Abraham Halevi, 524
Hugh of St Victor, 170
al-Ḥumaydī, Muḥammad, 339
Ḥusayn, Ṭāhā, 309–10
Hyde, Thomas, 406
ibn ʿAdī, Yaḥyā, 319–26, 337–8, 348, 350–1
ibn ʿArabī, Muḥyī al-Dīn, 198, 376, 529
ibn Dāwūd, Abū Bakr Muḥammad, 528
ibn Ezra, Abraham, 215
ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī, 215
ibn Isḥāq, Ḥunayn, 305, 317
ibn Kammūna, Saʿad, 47, 51, 64
ibn Khaldūn, Walī al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, 399
ibn Munqidh, Usāmah, 127–8
ibn Sulaymān al-Balhī, Muqātil, 244
ibn Taymiyya, Taqī al-Dīn, 201
Iggeret ha-Qodesh, 523
India 
religious traditions of, 57
isrāʾīliyyāt, 244, 247–8
Jerome, 241
Josephus, 41
scriptural interpretation, 228–9
Judaeo-Christian, 72, 80–1, 83–5
Justin Martyr, 63
Justinian, 168
Kaʿba, 13, 22
kalām, 319–21, 359–61
Jewish and Christian, 324, 325–6, 326
muʿtazilite, 338–9
Khomeini, Ruhollah, 549
al-Kindī, Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb, 303–5, 318, 342, 348, 357
Kitȇba Cilwe (Book of Illumination), 3
Kook, Ẓvi Yehudah, 543
Latin Council, fourth, 176–7
Lawrence, T. E., 518
Laws, Curtis Lee, 539
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 60, 67, 189
Letters of the Brethren of Purity, 197
Letter to Barnabas, 469
Livy, 63
Llull, Ramon, 128–9
Luther, Martin, 178–82, 216
Lyotard, Jean-François, 30
Maccabees, First Book of, 41
Maimonides, Moses 
and the Greek tradition, 305–7
on Abraham, 323–33
on Christianity and Islam, 4, 42, 48–9, 479
on creation, 363–5
on doctrine of the Trinity, 327–8
on kalām, 364–5
on love, 522–3, 530
on Moses, 349–50
Majorca, 128–9
Mani, 258
Marcion, 103, 235
Massignon, Louis, 78–9, 598
Mehmet the Conqueror, 307
ha-Meiri, Menaḥem, 48, 93
millat ibrāhīm (the way of Abraham), 78
Minorca, 123
miẓvot, 484
Möhler, Johann Adam, 220
monarchy 
in Christianity, 397
in Islam, 397
in Judaism, 396
Montanism, 258
Mormons, 538
Mosaic distinction, 31–3, 194
Mosque Movement, 496
Muhammad
in the Quran, 266–7
‘seal of the prophets’, 262–5
mysticism, 115
apocalyptic traditions, 286–7
divine names, 381–2
ecstasy, 378–9
in Islam, 421
mystical union, 384
nature of language in, 380, 387–8
Nachmanides, 522
Neoplatonism, 385–6
New Christian Right, 540
New Testament 
Greek text, 298
literary character, 99
on Abraham, 7–11
on justice, 139–40
Nicolas of Cusa, 65
Nöldeke, Theodor, 221
Origen
influence on Jerome, 241
on Hebrew Bible, 216
on impurity, 453
scriptural interpretation, 237–8
Ottoman Empire, 132–3
Pascal, Blaise, 519
Peirce, Charles, 565–7, 574–5
Petaḥiyah of Regensburg, 512–13
Petrarch, 531
Peyrault, Guillaume, 202
Philo of Alexandria, 382–3
influence on Clement, 237
on creation, 362
on biblical anthropomorphism, 306–7
scriptural interpretation, 228
Plato 
impact on conceptions of purity, 456
political philosophy, 398
Pletho, George Gemistus, 307–8
Plotinus, 383
Postel, Guillaume, 65
qāḍī, 149–50, 156–7
Qarmatians, 191
al-Qirqisānī, Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb, 44
Quran 
historical-critical approach, 220–3
literary character, 99
on Abraham, 12–16, 38–9, 96
on apocalyptic traditions, 287–8
on Jesus, 95, 111
on justice, 140
on prophecy, 259–62
redaction of, 101, 261, 268–9
tafsīr, 242–3
typology, 259
rabbinic leadership 
Egypt, 151–2
gaonic, 138, 145–6
rabbinic literature 
midrash, 229–33, 567–70
on Abraham, 16–19, 40
on apocalyptic traditions, 286
on dualism, 419–20
on justice, 140–1
on prophecy, 256
Rabīʿa, 528
Ramon Llull (Arabicus Christianus), 65
al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn, 43, 246
Read, Hollis, 74
religious studies, 56–7
effect of Romanticism on, 60–1
relation to theology, 582–7
religionsgeschichtliche schule, 407
Republicanism, 401
Risālat al-Kindī, 175
Rūmī, Jalāl al-Dīn, 51–2, 198, 201, 529
Saʿadia Gaon, 336, 340
on creation, 362–3
on doctrine of the Trinity, 327
sacraments, 483–4
sacred space, 437–8, 450, 499–514
Salafism, 486–7, 547–8
Samaritans, 122
Saracen 
as term for Muslims, 173–4
Scopes, John, 539–40
scriptural interpretation, 211, 227,
early Christian, 233–42
typology, 236
Scriptural Reasoning, 590–3
Sebeos, 41
Semler, Johann Salomo, 213
Sephardim, 131–2
Septuagint, 297, 302
Sermon on the Mount, 518–19
Shahrastānī, 50, 52, 193, 201
sharīʿa, 116, 155–6
Shiʿism, 392, 549–50
Simon, Richard, 209
Sozomen, 41
Speyer, Heinrich, 221
Spinoza, Benedict, 211–13, 519
Sufism, 335–6, 376, 502
al-Ṭabarī, Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad, 244–5
taḥrīf, 96–7, 261
Textual Reasoning, 567, 589–90
al-Thaʿlabī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad, 246, 248
theodicy, 280–1
Theodore of Mopsuestia, 238
Theodosian Code, 167
Theophanes, 174–5
Timothy I, 159, 190
Toland, John, 66
Traité des trois imposteurs, 183–4
Vatican Council, Second, 78–9
Wahhabism, 546–8
Watt, William Montgomery, 79–80
Weil, Gustav, 221
Wellhausen, Julius, 219
Widney, Joseph Pomeroy, 76
William of Auvergne, 182
William of Rubruck, 53
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 536–7, 563
Wolfram of Eschenbach, 195
Xenophanes, 89
Zayd, 262–5, 269
ziyāra, 508