1. HYMN TO DIONYSOS

Some say in Drakanos, others in windy Ikaros, 
still others say in Naxos, O Bullgod son of Zeus, 
or there by the deep-eddying river Alpheos, 
pregnant Semele bore you to thunder-loving Zeus. 
Others say you were born in Thebes, Lord, 
but all of them lie: the father of men and gods gave birth 
to you far from people, hidden from white-armed Hera. 
Nysa is the place, a mighty peak blooming with woods, 
far from Phoenicia, near the river Nile. 
None of the human race sails there,10
with no harbor for their curved ships, 
for a high, steep cliff encircles it. 
Yet it grows many lovely delicacies  .  .  . 
[missing lines] 
[Vines] lush with their clusters of dark grapes  .  .  . 
[missing lines] 
[Zeus to Hera:] 
“.  .  .  you wish. How could you suffer more shamefully? 
I too acted foolishly  .  .  . 
.  .  .  Hephaistos left on his own  .  .  . 
.  .  .  as they assume forever  .  .  . 
He tricked you, binding you in chains from Tartaros. 
Who, my dear, can free you? A painful belt20
wraps around your body, while Hephaistos 
pays no mind to command or plea, 
but devises firm resolve in his heart. 
Sister, you bore a cruel son  .  .  .  . 
crafty though lame  .  .  . 
.  .  .  before his feet  .  .  .  good  .  .  . 
.  .  .  he rages  .  .  . 
.  .  .  angry  .  .  . 
Let us see if he will soften his iron heart at all. 
Two smart sons of mine are handy30
to help in your troubles—Ares is one, 
who wields a sharp spear, a tough fighter  .  .  . 
And there is Dionysos  .  .  . 
But Hephaistos better not start a contest with me 
or he will stagger away struck by my lightning. 
.  .  .  sweet  .  .  . 
.  .  .  this boy of mine  .  .  . 
[missing lines] 
People will raise many statues in his temples. 
Since there are three  .  .  .  , every third year 
humans will always sacrifice a hundred perfect bulls.”40
So spoke the son of Kronos nodding his dark-blue brows— 
the king’s divine hair swirled about 
his immortal head, as he shook great Olympos. 
With those words, wise Zeus nodded his command. 
Be gracious, Bullgod, maker of maenads. 
We bards sing of you first and last; there is no way 
to forget you and still remember holy song. 
O Dionysos, Bullgod son of Zeus, rejoice 
with your mother Semele, whom some call Thyone.