Index

a

a posteriori
Abhidharma (higher teachings)
absolute idealism
- as panpsychism
- singular (nondual)
acting‐intuition
action
- embodied
- justification
- moral consequences
- pursuing a course of
aesthetic meaning
affective bias
afflictions, three primary
agency
Ālāra Kālāma
Alberti, L.B.
alerting function
Aluvihara Rock Temple, Sri Lanka
ambiguity
ambivalence
American Philosophical Association (APA)
amygdala
Anālayo
analogy, medical
analytic philosophy
androcentrism
androgyny, nondualistic
anger
anomalous monism
antireflexivity (AR)
antisymmetry (AS)
anxiety
APA see American Philosophical Association
aphoristic forces
apoha‐style nominalism
Aquinas, T.
AR see antireflexivity
arhats
Aristotelians
Aristotle
- Categories
Armstrong
art
“art of living”
artistic creation
AS see antisymmetry
Asaṅga
Asia
Asian philosophy
Atisha, Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment…
atomism (A)
attachment
attention
- “biased‐competition” model
- bottom‐up, stimulus‐driven
- and consciousness
- focused attention practices
- habits of
- selective
- to the present
- top‐down, endogenous orienting
- universal
- visual selective
attention training techniques
- see also meditation
- “attentional blink”
Aurelius, Marcus
autonomy
- embodied
Avataṃsaka Sūtra
awakening
- see also transcendence
awareness
- bodily
- cognitive
- emotional
- universal
- see also self‐awareness
axis mundi

b

Baggini, J.
Barnes, E.
Bashō
Batchelor, S.
“being in”
“being said of”
“being‐in‐the‐world”
beliefs
Bendall, C.
Bhagavad Gita
Bhāviveka
Bhikkhu Bodhi
binocular rivalry
biological emergence
biological patterns
biology, evolutionary
Bishop, S.R.
Blake, W.
blindsight
Bliss, R.L.
Block, N.
Blue Cliff Record
bodhicitta (“mind of awakening”)
Bodhidharma
Bodhisattvas
- female
- and gender
- ideal
- omniscience
- and women’s bodies
bodily awareness
body
- disposition
- enlightened
- as inferior to the mind
- lived
- male
- marginalization
- see also women’s bodies
body‐mind
Bohn, E.D.
Bowdoin College
Bradley, F.H.
Brahamanical tradition
- and karma
- and metaphysics
- and supernaturalism
brain
- default mode network
- and mental phenomena
- and Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction
brain damage
brainstem
breath‐energy (qi)
breathing techniques
Bristow, W.
Buddha (Siddhārtha Gautama)
- and attention training techniques
- attitude towards women
- and awakening
- and the caste system
- consciousness
- dharma
- empiricism
- first sermon of
- and the four noble truths
- insight
- and karma
- middle way of
- and mindfulness meditation
- perception of karma and rebirth
- and perspectival omniscience
- pragmatism
- psycho‐ethical therapy
- as rationalist
- and rebirth
- and sañña
- and supernaturalism
- testing of the teachings of
- universal awareness
- see also Dharma
Buddha Way
Buddha womb teaching (Tathāgatagarbha)
Buddha‐nature
Buddhadāsa Bhikkhu
Buddhaghosa
buddhahood/Buddhahood
- striving for
buddhas
- and gender
- and Tathāgatagarbha
Buddhism
- Classical
- and a cross‐cultural approach to cognitive science
- eclectic approach to
- empiricist stance
- Engaged
- ethics
- and feminist philosophy
- heterogeneity
- and metametaphysics
- and metaphysics
- and panpsychism
- and philosophy as way of life
- political theory
- rationalist interpretation
- Thai
- Yogācāra
- see also early Buddhism; Huayan school; Mahāyāna Buddhism; Theravāda school (Way of the Elders); Tibetan Buddhism; Zen Buddhism
Buddhist coherentism
Buddhist Modernism
- definition
- engagement with the West
- features
- influences on
- and rebirth
Burma

c

Cameron, R.
Canberra school
Candrakīrti
Candrakīrtians
caring‐compassion
Carnap, R.
Carter, O.
Cassirer, E.
caste system
categorical imperative
causal agents
causal efficacy
causal generation
causal inference
causal processes
causal relations
causal totality
causality
- Leibniz on
- physical
- psychological
- tripartite model
cause and effect
causes
- and reasons
Chan Buddhism
- see also Zen Buddhism
change
chaos
Chatterjee, A.J.
Chengguan
China
Chinese Buddhism see Huayan school
Chogyam Trungpa
Christianity
- and conscience
- and the omniscience of God
Christians
Chulalongkorn
civilization, Kant on
Classical Buddhism
Clayton, Philip
clinical psychology
cogito
cognition
- 4E approach to
- causal efficacy
- and the dependent nature
- embedded
- embodied
- enactive account of
- and matter
- and objects
- and perception
- and pragmatic efficacy
- as subject
“cognitive access”
cognitive awareness
cognitive reorientation
cognitive science
- and Buddhist Modernism
- cross‐cultural approach to
- reductionist models
coherentism (C)
- Buddhist
Coleman, J.
Common Era
communication
compassion
- caring‐compassion
- and gender
- and human rights
- impartial
- kenotic
- and rebirth
- universal
complexity
concentration meditation
conceptual practices
conditionality
Confucianism
Confucius
connectedness
conscience
consciousness
- altered states of
- and attention
- Buddha consciousness
- continuity after death
- core level
- Dignāga on
- emergence
- exploration
- foundational consciousness
- “hard problem” of
- “internal”
- neuroscience of
- phenomenal consciousness
- as physical phenomenon
consummate nature
contingencies
continuity, principle of
Corbetta, M.
Coseru
cosmology
cosmos, focusing attention on the
Crane, S.
creativity
- artistic
cross‐cultural cognitive science
cross‐cultural dialogue
cross‐cultural metaphysics
crypto‐dualism
cultivation (philosophy of education)
cultural artifacts
Cusanus
- De Docta Ignorantia

d

Dalai Lama
Damasio, A.
dao
Daoism
Daoist landscape paintings
Darwin, C.
Darwinian theory
Dasgupta, S.
Davidson, R.
Davis, B.
de Beauvoir, S.
death
- contemplation of the certainty of
- and the end of suffering
- reflection on
deductive reasoning
default mode network
Dehaene, S.
delusion
democracy
democratic values
Democritus
demons
dependent arising
- doctrine of
- twelvefold formula of
dependent nature
dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda)
depth
Descartes, R.
Deshan
Desimone, R.
desire
- as hindrance to freedom
- and reason
- removal through meditation
- and suffering
detachment
determinism
Dewey, J.
- and continuity
- and humans and nature
- middle way of
- and religious meaning
Deweyan pragmatism
- comparison with early Buddhism
- emergent naturalism in
DeWitt Hyde, W.
Dharma (teachings of the Buddha)
- and gender
- as system of testable beliefs
“Dharma combat”
Dharmakīrti
dialogue
Dignāga
disciples
discipline
discursive analysis
disposition
Dōgen
dogma
Dongshan Liangjie
doubt
Dragon’s Gate
dream argument
Dretske, F.
Dreyfus, G.
drives
drugs, mood‐altering
dualism
- Buddha’s rejection of
- and the Middle Way
- non‐naturalist
- as unscientific
- see also nondualism
duality
dukkha see suffering
Duncan, J.
Dunne, J.
Dushun
dynamism

e

early Buddhism
- comparison with Deweyan pragmatism
- emergent naturalism in
East Asia
education, Kant on
EEG see electroencephalogram
ego
- death of the egocentric ego
- Nietzsche and the
ego‐self
egocentrism
egoism
eight causes
Eight Garudhammas (eight heavy rules)
Einstein, A.
ek‐stasis (standing outside oneself)
electroencephalogram (EEG)
eliminativism
Eliot, T.S.
embodied action
embodied autonomy
embodied cognition
embodiment
- female
- male
emergence
emergent naturalism
- biological emergence
- and causality
- definition
- in early Buddhism and Deweyan pragmatism
- emergence of consciousness
- emergence of mind
- emergent levels of reality
- and karma
- and moral agency
- ontological claims
- principle of continuity
- and religious meaning
emotion
- affective valence/hedonic tone
- afflictive
emotional awareness
emotional distortions
emotional responses
emotional stimuli
empathy
- ecstatic
empirical evidence
empiricism
- and panpsychism
- radical
empiricists
emptiness
- as dependent designation
- and “placental economy”
- standpoint of
encoding
energy
Engaged Buddhism
enlightenment
- achieving well‐being through
- and Buddhist Modernism
- and change
- “Chinese” simultaneous enlightenment approach
- definition
- and emptiness
- and the European Enlightenment
- and human rights
- “Indian” gradual enlightenment approach
- Kantian
- Scottish Enlightenment
- spirit of
- symbols of
- and thinking for oneself
- women and
ensō
Epictetus, Handbook
Epicureans
- “fourfold remedy”
Epicurus
epiphany
epistemological foundationalism
epistemological optimism
epistemological perspectivism
Epistemological school
epistemology
- naturalized
- and philosophy as way of life
equality
- gender
equanimity
essences, dependence
ethical discipline
ethical training
ethics
- Confucian
- and karma
- and panpsychism
- and philosophy as way of life
- and physicalism
European Enlightenment
- and Buddhist enlightenment
- and Buddhist Modernism
- definition
- and human rights
evidence–subject relations
evil
- women’s bodies as
evolutionary biology
existence
experience
- and determinism
- and matter
- reduction
experiential metaphysics
experiential world
extendability (E)
extended objects
extended things
external goods
- of effectiveness
external objects
external realism
external relations
external world

g

Garfield, J.
Garland, E.L.
“gathering virtue”
Geluk order
Gelukpa order (Tibetan)
gender equality
gender issues
generalizability
generosity
“ghost in the machine”
Gillon, B.
global error theory
global literacy
globalization
globalized philosophical curriculum
gnosis
God
- dependence of everything on
- existence of
- as infinite sphere
- intellect
- and monads
- omniscience
goddesses
gods
Goldstein, J.
Gombrich, Richard
good
good ends
grand theory
great chain of being
“great death, the”
Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment, The (Tsongkhapa)
Great Treatise (Tsongkhapa)
greed
Greek culture
Greek philosophers
Green, L.
Griffin, D.R.
Griffiths, Paul
Grosnick, W.H.
Gross, R.
grounding
“guest,” position of
Guo Xi
gurus

i

“I”
- as privileged subject
lamas
idealism
- absolute
- and dualism
- and external realism
- and materialism
- and metaphysics
- and the mind
- subjective
- transcendental
ideas
identity
ignorance
illumination
imagined nature
immaturity
impartite objects
impermanence
inclinations
inclusiveness
incompleteness
independent existence, myth of
independent verification
India
Indian tradition
individualism
individuality, transcendence
inductive reasoning
inference, theory of
infinite
infinite regress, vicious
infinitism (I)
- metaphysical
Inner Science of the Mind
insight
insight meditation
intelligibility, principles of
intention
intentionality
interconnection
- singular event of
interdependence
interdependent origination
internal goods
- of excellence
internal relations
interoception
interpenetration, mutually circulating
interpretation
intuition
Irigaray, L.
Islamic scholarship

m

MacIntyre, A.
Madhyamaka (Middle Way)
Mādhyamikas (followers of the Middle Way)
Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta
Mahasi Sayadaw
Mahāyāna Buddhism
- Abhidharma
- and bodhisattvas
- and Buddha omniscience
- and Buddhist Modernism
- Chinese forms
- and gender issues
- and rebirth
- Yogācāra
- see also Madhyamaka; Mādhyamikas
Majjhima Nikāya
Makkhali Gosāla
male body
male domination
maleness
manasikāra (attention)
Manna, A.
Manorathanandin
Many, and the One
Mao Zedong
maraṇasati (reflection on death)
masculine, the
mass murder
masters
materialism
- and dualism
- and idealism
- metaphysics
- strangeness of
materiality
maternal body, revalorization
matter
- and cognition
- and experience
- and mind
- mind–matter unity
- and physicalism
Matthews, F.
maturity
Mazu
MBSR (Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction)
McMahan, David
meaning
- aesthetic
- and emergent naturalism
- religious
- social
mechanism, principles of
medical analogies
meditation
- and Buddha
- and Buddhist Modernism
- concentration meditation
- and desire
- on the emptiness of the self
- and “I” as privileged subject
- insight meditation
- and lay‐Buddhists
- mindfulness meditation
- open monitoring types
- on the self/“I”
- serenity meditation
- and yogic direct perception
meditative stabilization
mental, the
mental content
mental cultivation/training
- see also meditation
mental phenomena
mental states
meritocracy
Merleau‐Ponty, M.
Meru, Mount
metametaphysics
metaontology
metaphysical dependence
- in Buddhist traditions
- fruits of dialogue
- grounding
- ontological dependence
- structural features
- taxonomy
- in Western traditions
metaphysical infinitism
metaphysical realism
metaphysics
- contemporary
- dualist
- early Buddhist
- experiential
- and inductive reasoning
- legitimacy
- naturalistic
- as necessary
- and panpsychism
- and philosophy as way of life
- physicalist
- pluralistic
- polarization
- and pragmatism
- qualified argumentation
- quietism
- serious
- unqualified argumentation
- and Yogācāra
Middle Way school (Madhyamaka)
- see also Mādhyamikas (followers of the Middle Way)
Mīmāṃsaka Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
mind
- and absolute idealism
- Buddhist model of the
- emergence
- five aggregates (khandas) model of the
- habits of
- and idealism
- investigation in cognitive science
- and materialism
- and matter
- and panpsychism
- reduction to matter
- settled and unified state of
- and subjective idealism
- and suffering
- supermind
- training
- and Yogācāra
- see also body‐mind
“mind of awakening” (bodhicitta)
mind–body dualism
mind–body problem
mind–matter unity
mind‐wandering
mindfulness
- and Buddhist Modernism/Engaged Buddhism
- definition
- and knowing wrongly
- meaning of
mindfulness meditation
Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program
“minding”
misogyny
Mole, C.
Moliya Sīvaka
momentariness
monadology
monads
monarchy, enlightened
monastic orders
- gender issues
- see also monks; nuns; Sangha; Tsongkhapa
monism
- dual‐aspect
- neutral
monks
- and Buddhism as philosophy
- dis‐attachment from women’s form
- and enlightenment
- gender issues
- see also Sangha; Tsongkhapa
mood‐altering drugs
moral agency
moral conduct
moral cultivation
moral development
moral judgement
moral psychology
moral responsibility
moral virtues
morality
- Kantian
moralization, Kant on
Morganti, M.
Morrissey, L.J.
mothers
multiculturalism
multiverse
murder, mass
Muslims
Musō Soseki
“mutually circulating interpenetration”
Muzhou
mystical insight

n

Nāgārjuna
- Mūlamadhyamakakārikā
nāma‐rūpa
natural science
natural world
naturalism
- eliminative
- phenomenological
- and physicalism
- reductive
- and supernaturalism
- see also emergent naturalism
naturalistic metaphysics
naturalization
nature
- and karma
- and meaning
necessary conditions
negative argumentation
“negative capability”
Nehamas, A.
“neither one nor many” argument
Neo‐Platonists
Net of Indra
neural sciences
neuroimaging
neuroscience
New York Times (newspaper)
Newton, I.
Nhat Hanh, Thich
nibbāna
- see also nirvana
Nietzsche, F.
nihilism
nirvana
- see also nibbāna
Nishida Kitarō
Nishitani Keiji
no‐self
nominalism
- apoha‐style
non‐experience
non‐knowing, knowing of
non‐observation
non‐substances
nondualism
- Zen
nonegocentric perspectivism
nonexistence
nonwillfully
not knowing
novelty, formation
nuns
- see also female monastic order

p

Pāli Canon
Pāli scholars
pain
painting
Paṇḍita Aśoka
panfictionalism
panphysicalism
panpsychism
- as absolute idealism
- definition
- and empiricism
- and ethics
- and metaphysics
- monism
- nonduality
- singular (nondual)
- strong form (animistic panpsychism)
- weak form (relational panpsychism)
parables
“paradox of representation”
parsimony, quantitative
particulars
- unique
partite objects
parts (skandhas)
Parvizi, J.
passions
passivity
path, the
patience
Patriarchs of Zen
patriarchy
Paul, D.
peace, inner
perception
- and cognition
- and knowledge
- and real particulars
perceptual distortions
personal growth
personal reflection
personal transformation
personhood
persons
- of great capacity
- of medium capacity
- of small capacity
perspectival delimitation
perspectival multiplicity/plurality
perspective, linear
perspectivism
- ambivalence of Nietzsche’s
- egocentric
- floating
- nonegocentric
- in Western art
phenomena
- higher order
- lower order
- psychological
phenomenal consciousness
phenomenological naturalism
phenomenology
philosophy
- as therapeutic
- as training for death
- as way of life
“physical,” definitions of
physical causality
physical parts (rūpa)
physical world
physicalism
- and ethics
- metaphysics
- Middle Way between dualism and physicalism
- and naturalism
- reductive nature
physico‐chemical level
physics
physicSism
Pinker, S.
“placental economy”
Plato
Platonists
pleasure
pluralism, philosophical
“pluralism by partition”
poiesis
political theory, Buddhist
poststructural relativism
pragmatic efficacy
pragmatic reasoning
pragmatism
Prajñākaragupta
Prāsaṅgika‐Mādhyamika philosophy
prejudice
present moment
- focusing attention on the
- infinite value of the
- location of happiness within the
Priest, G.
principals
“principle of perspective”
Prinz, J.
priority
process externalism
Protagorian world‐picture
Proust, M.
psycho‐ethical therapy
psychological causality
psychological defilements
psychological phenomena
psychological therapy
psychology
- clinical
- moral
Pythagoras

r

radical nondualism
rational conduct
rational materialism
rationalism
rationalists
REAL
realism
reality
- absolute
- Buddha on
- conventional
- emergent levels of
- hierarchical structuring of
- as participatory affair
- relative
- self‐awareness as
- ultimate
- Western orthodoxy of
REALLY operator
reason
- and desire
- and the European Enlightenment
reasoning
- deductive
- inductive
- inferential
- pragmatic
reasons
- and causes
rebirth
- awareness of
- cessation
- as fiction
- and motherhood
- necessity of
- and suffering
reductionism
- see also Abhidharma
reflection
reincarnation
relation
- external
- internal
- and metaphysical dependence
relational structure of existence
relativity, special theory of
religious authority, rejection
religious freedom
religious meaning
religious tolerance
Renaissance Western artists
responsibility
restraint
retreats
revelation
rhetoric, of uncertainty
Rolls, E.
Roman philosophers
Rosch, E.
Rousseau, J.J.
rūpa (form)
Russell, B.

s

“sage, the,” state of the
Said, E.
Śākya Chokden
Sakyamuni
Salzberg, S.
saṁkhāra (volitional activities)
samsara
- liberation from
- and motherhood
Samyé monastery
Sangha
sañña (cognizing)
Sanskrit sources
Śantarakṣita
Śāntideva
Sariputra/Shariputra
satellites
sati
satipaṭṭhāna (establishing sati)
satori
Schaffer, J.
Schouten, M.
Schubert, R.
Schulman, G.L.
science
Scottish Enlightenment
Scotus, J.D.
secular humanism
“seeing things as they are”
self
- absence of
- Buddhist theory of the (five skandhas)
- emptiness of the
- meditations on the
- negation
- as not the center of the universe
- as nothingness
- permanent
- rejection of the autonomous
- transcendence
- transformative reorientation of the
- true
- see also no‐self
self‐awareness
self‐being (svabhāva)
self‐confidence
self‐discovery
self‐emptying
self‐expression, imaginative/creative
self‐knowledge
self‐love
self‐realization
self‐reflection
self‐transcendence
- horizontal
- vertical
selfishness
selflessness
sensitive dependence on initial conditions
sensory processing
separation
Sera Chökyi gyaltsan
serenity meditation
serial killers
“seven cause‐and‐effect method”
Shakespeare, W.
shanshui paintings
Shell, R.
shishi wuai
Shizuteru, Ueda
Siddhārtha Gautama see Buddha
Siderits, M.
Silk Route
Silverstein, R.G.
singularities, denial of
six perfections
Skeptics
“skillful means”
Smith, J.E.H.
Sober, E.
social engagement
social meaning
social/aesthetic level
society, socio‐cultural transformation
Socrates
Socratic dialogue
solipsism
Song China
- landscape painters
soteriological inclusiveness
soul, cures for
sound
speaking
special theory of relativity
Spinoza, B.
“spiritual exercises”
spiritual realization
Sponberg, A.
Sprigge, Timothy
“stages of the path” literature
Stalin, J.
Steinkellner, E.
Stoicism
Stoics
Strawson, G.
strong ontological emergence
Stuhr, J.J.
Su Shi
subject–object duality, primal confusion
subjective idealism
subjectivity
subjects
- and objects
- women as
substances
- individual (primary)
- simple
- unique suchness of
- universal (secondary)
Sudhana
suffering (dukkha)
- acceptance
- of change
- combating through philosophy
- and desire
- and the Four Noble Truths
- liberation from
- and motherhood
- of pain
- pervasive
- primary causes
- and rebirth
- reduction through mindfulness meditation
- and religious life
- universal nature
sufficient conditions
Sufficient Reason, Principle of
Sumeru, Mount
Sun, the, Su Shi’s parable of the
supermind
supernaturalism
Sutras
Svātantrikas
sympathetic joy

t

tabula rasa
Tahko, T.E.
Taoist ethics
Tathāgatagarbha (Buddha womb teaching)
Team Buddha
temporality
“ten non‐virtues”
Ten Oxherding Pictures
Tetsurō, W.
Thai Buddhism
thalamus
“theory of everything”
Theravāda school (Way of the Elders)
- and Buddhist Modernism
- and mindfulness meditation
- and the path
things
thinking
- consistency in
- distortions of
- from the standpoint of others
- for oneself
Thompson, E.
three jewels
threefold training
Tibet
Tibetan Buddhism
- and Buddhist Modernism
- and concentration meditation
- philosophy
token‐identity theories
tokenism
Touzi
Tower of Maitreya
transcendence
- see also awakening
transcendent reality
transcendental idealism
transformation
- and art
- female to male
- and meditative training
- of moral orientation
- of motivational structure
- personal
- phenomenological
- of society
- see also enlightenment
transformational experiences
transformative reorientation of the self
transitivity (T)
- failures
Tripitaka
triple inferential method
truth
- customary
- modal
Tsongkhapa
- The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment
Tsuchiya, N.
“twofold self‐grasping”

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