3 Airway, Respirations, Ventilation, and Respiratory Emergencies

Learning Objectives

• Describe the structures and functions of the airways and the respiratory system.
• Explain the physiological regulation of breathing.
• Describe and demonstrate techniques for placing basic, advanced, and alternative airways.
  
• Differentiate, assess, and treat respiratory emergencies associated with the upper and lower airways.
  

Supporting breathing efforts and maintaining an open airway are the 2 most important life-saving treatments that a paramedic will ever perform. They are the bread and butter of the profession. When it comes to airway and breathing problems, the paramedic should be proactive and aggressive in treating the patient. Quick action when faced with a patient with a critical respiratory condition will go a long way in not only preventing the patient from getting worse but also shortening the hospital stay for the patient. In this chapter, the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system will be reviewed, and intricacies of airway management will be discussed. Medical knowledge will be linked with the practical examination whenever possible. Finally, the assessment, management, and treatment of patients with respiratory issues will be presented.