Review Questions

Select the ONE best answer.

  1. Which layer of the heart is damaged in a heart attack?

    1. Epicardium
    2. Myocardium
    3. Endocardium
    4. All of the above

  2. Your patient presents with chest pain and the above ECG. Which coronary artery most likely is occluded?

    1. LAD
    2. LCx
    3. LMCA
    4. RCA

  3. Mitral valve regurgitation means that blood flows backward through the mitral valve. Into which of the following structures does blood flow during mitral valve regurgitation?

    1. Left atrium
    2. Left ventricle
    3. Right atrium
    4. Right ventricle

  4. During myocardial contraction, which of the following is true?

    1. Myocytes depolarize, and the cell potential becomes more negative.
    2. Myocytes depolarize, and the cell potential becomes more positive.
    3. Myocytes polarize, and the cell potential becomes more negative.
    4. Myocytes polarize, and the cell potential becomes more positive.

  5. You notice an ECG of a patient has a PRI that is consistently 0.20 second long. There is a P wave for every QRS complex, but there is not a QRS complex for every P wave. Which of the following is most likely this patient’s rhythm?

    1. First-degree block
    2. Second-degree heart block, Mobitz type I
    3. Second-degree heart block, Mobitz type II
    4. Sinus arrest

  6. During a successful intubation attempt of a patient in severe respiratory distress, you notice your patient’s heart rhythm is now marked sinus bradycardia at a rate of 34 when it was previously in the high 70s. The pulse oximetry remained in the high 90s throughout the attempt. What is the next most appropriate treatment?

    1. Begin CPR.
    2. Administer a 500 mL NSS bolus
    3. Administer 0.5–1 mg atropine intravenously.
    4. Administer 1 mg epinephrine 1:10,000 intravenously.

  7. You arrive at a residence for a 50-year-old female complaining of dizziness after syncope. Her vital signs are HR: 190, BP: 84/36, RR: 24, SpO2: 99%. Her lead II tracing is above. What is the most appropriate treatment?

    1. Performing synchronized cardioversion at 100 J
    2. Performing synchronized cardioversion at 150 J
    3. Adminstering 6 mg adenosine followed with a 10 mL flush in a large vein
    4. Administering 12 mg adenosine followed with a 10 mL flush in a large vein

  8. You have a 66-year-old patient found pulseless and apneic in his home. CPR was initiated by family members and is still continuing to produce a strong carotid pulse. The ECG shows the following rhythm, and you have started a 16-gauge intravenous line in the right EJ. Which medication is the best option for this patient?

    1. 300 mg amiodarone
    2. 1 g calcium chloride
    3. 1 mg epinephrine 1:10,000
    4. 4 g magnesium sulfate

  9. A 12-lead ECG reveals a QRS above the baseline in lead I and below the baseline in lead aVF. It also shows an RSRʹ pattern in lead V1. What is the most likely explanation for these findings?

    1. Left axis deviation and left bundle branch block
    2. Left axis deviation and right bundle branch block
    3. Right axis deviation and left bundle branch block
    4. Right axis deviation and right bundle branch block

  10. Your patient is in cardiac arrest and the rhythm shows a pulseless 3rd-degree heart block at a rate of 30. All of the following are appropriate treatments for this patient EXCEPT:

    1. Continuous CPR.
    2. Treat the reversible causes (H’s and T’s).
    3. Pace the patient at a rate of 80 bpm.
    4. Epinephrine 1:10,000, 1 mg intravenous piggyback every 3–5 minutes.