The correct answer is (B). Mast cells initially and primarily produce histamine, which is largely responsible for airway swelling, bronchoconstriction, urticaria, and facial swelling common in anaphylaxis. Plasma cells release antibodies (C) including IgE (A), which is an antibody specific to allergic reactions. Mast cells are part of the immune system but are not circulating white blood cells; therefore, they do not proliferate (D) in times of anaphylaxis or infection.
The correct answer is (B). This is the definition of acquired immunity. Active immunity (A) also is known as natural immunity, and it is the immunity conferred by actually getting the illness and fighting it off. Herd immunity (C) is the immunity a person has as a benefit of being surrounded by people who are immune to a disease. Although the person is not immune individually, the likelihood of him or her catching a particular disease is reduced to 0 because no one around the person can get it. This type of immunity can be weakened in areas with low pediatric vaccination rates. Passive immunity (D) is the immunity passed from the mother to child while in utero or breastfeeding. After birth and when no longer breastfeeding, the child is typically no longer immune to those diseases.
The correct answer is (D). In this case, the stinger could be continuing and prolonging the reaction. Scrape it out with a credit card before considering the other treatment options listed. Because the patient is not in severe distress and is not displaying any airway compromise, epinephrine (C) can be held off until the stinger is removed.