The correct answer is (B). Anticholinergics and stimulants and sympathomimetics produce similar symptoms. Stimulants and sympathomimetics work primarily by accelerating the sympathetic side of the nervous system. Anticholinergics work by eliminating the parasympathetic tone, resulting in unopposed sympathetic stimulation. Treatment for overdose of either class of drugs is basically the same: increase the sympathetic tone.
The correct answer is (C). Intravenous naloxone titrated to the effect of improving the patient’s respiratory rate is the preferred treatment for what should be presumed as an opiate overdose. Option (D) is not ideal because it is likely to suddenly and violently remove the opiate effects, leading to nausea, vomiting, and possible airway compromise. Management of the airway, as suggested in (A) and (B), would be appropriate in situations where naloxone is not readily available or if naloxone did not work.
The correct answer is (C). Patients on stimulants often have dilated pupils. The other symptoms listed are common with stimulant use.
The correct answer is (C). Hydroxocobalamin is the 1st-line medication in known or suspected cyanide poisoning. Amyl nitrite (A) is used as a temporizing agent until hydroxocobalamin can be administered. Sodium nitrite (B) and sodium thiosulfate (D) are used in combination as a 2nd-line medication. In cyanide poisonings, oxygen also should be liberally administered regardless of pulse oximetry.