Review Questions

Select the ONE best answer.

  1. Which inborn reflex of infants causes the infant to turn his or her head in response toward someone or something brushing the cheek on that that side?

    1. Moro reflex
    2. Palmar reflex
    3. Rooting reflex
    4. Sucking reflex

  2. Which fontanel remains open longest and can provide a point of assessment into a child’s hydration status?

    1. Anterior fontanel
    2. Mastoid fontanel
    3. Posterior fontanel
    4. Sphenoid fontanel

  3. Which reasoning type is characterized by children whose actions are rooted in getting approval from peers and society?

    1. Common sense reasoning
    2. Conventional reasoning
    3. Preconventional reasoning
    4. Postconventional reasoning

  4. You have a 16-year-old female complaining of abdominal pain. She tells you in confidence that she is pregnant and shows you the OTC pregnancy test with a positive reading. She asks you not to tell her parents because she does not want them to know. You believe the pain she is having is related to the pregnancy. Knowing this, are you able to discuss your care plan with her parents in most states?

    1. No, because she is pregnant and considered the individual according to consent and privacy laws.
    2. No, because she asked you not to, and you must always respect any patient’s wishes.
    3. Yes, because she is a minor, and the parents are ultimately responsible for her care.
    4. Yes, because you did not witness the patient taking the test, therefore you cannot trust that it is hers.

  5. Which of the following best explains why children are at greater risk for hypothermia than adults?

    1. The thinner chest wall allows heat to escape from the central circulation and the core at a faster rate.
    2. The higher basal metabolic rate means that more energy goes into cellular metabolism.
    3. The higher surface-area-to-volume ratio means that the child’s core mass is closer to the ambient air than in an adult.
    4. The smaller absolute circulating blood volume leads to a more rapid loss of heat when blood is pumped to the extremities.

  6. You have a 7-year-old male patient who presents with a 3-day history of fever and cough productive of a thick whitish brown sputum. The patient’s lung sounds are ronchi over the right lower lung field with scattered wheezing. Vital signs are HR: 142, RR: 28, BP: 98/56, T: 102.9, SpO2: 94% on room air and 98% on 4 LPM O2 via nasal cannula. The child is alert but sleepy and is sitting up and answering questions appropriately. You have the child on the O2, and it is well tolerated. The next most appropriate treatment for this patient is:

    1. CPAP.
    2. 20 mL/kg bolus of 0.9% saline solution.
    3. 2.5 mg albuterol in 3 mL saline via a nebulizer.
    4. 0.5 mg ipratropium bromide via a nebulizer.

  7. Use the following scenario for questions 7 and 8. 

    You are called to a residence for a 23-month-old male who fell into a backyard pool and was found unresponsive. Rescue personnel have the child out of the pool and are providing CPR and ventilations with a child-sized BVM when you arrive. The ECG shows pulseless electrical activity and an agonal ventricular rhythm. A pulse is generated with compressions.

    You elect to intubate this child for the 15-minute ride to the hospital. What size tube would you anticipate is the most appropriate?

    1. 3.5, cuffed
    2. 4.0, cuffed
    3. 4.5, cuffed
    4. 5.0, cuffed

  8. Shortly after beginning the transport, the child’s O2 saturation begins to drop. What should you do first?

    1. Increase the O2 flow rate.
    2. Suction the ETT.
    3. Extubate and ventilate with just the BVM.
    4. Check the position of the ETT.

  9. A child with altered mental status presents with rapid and deep respirations and a 3-day history of vomiting and excessive urination. Which of the following represents the most likely cause for these symptoms?

    1. Hypovolemia
    2. Hyperglycemia
    3. Drug overdose
    4. Respiratory acidosis

  10. Treatment for a febrile seizure most often requires:

    1. 1 mg lorazepam.
    2. active cooling with cold packs.
    3. 0.2–0.5 mg/kg diazepam intravenously.
    4. Only monitoring and supportive measures.