CHAPTER
5

Landlording Basics

In This Chapter

You’ve purchased the right property, with the right mortgage, under the right ownership structure. Now you get to roll up your sleeves and really get to work.

Your property is a reflection of you, and you should approach the management of your property with this mentality. When Kimberly opened her first property management office, she always made sure to sweep the sidewalk, wash the windows, and keep the office organized and clean. She believed that if potential customers saw that she couldn’t even manage her office, how could they expect her to manage their property?

Start thinking about your rental property as your personal brand. Be proud of the product you deliver, and you’ll find continued success.

Tips for Success As a Landlord

This book is filled with tips for landlording success, but we wanted to give you some of the most basic ones now as you get started. Keep these pointers in mind as you move forward. They will make your life as a landlord simpler while growing your business and your profit.

Possess Key Qualities

All good and successful landlords have developed similar qualities and talents. You should, too. Here they are:

Confidence: When you’re confident, you believe in yourself and the decisions you make. By learning more about being a landlord, you also develop the confidence to make the right decisions.

Leadership: A good leader motivates others to achieve the tasks at hand. Leadership when managing vendors and dealing with tenant issues is essential.

Professionalism and fairness: You will be presented with problems that need to be solved on a daily basis. Your ability to be professional and fair in your decision making goes a long way toward developing good vendor and tenant relationships and having continued rental success.

Awareness: You’ll save time and money if you’re aware of potential problems as they’re brewing, whether with the property itself or with your tenants. Address problems early, before they get out of control.

Organization: Get organized. Start by setting up three boxes or filing drawers labeled “Property,” “Maintenance,” and “Tenants,” and use them to keep track of items that can cost you money.

Communication: You’ll be talking with a lot of people—vendors, real estate agents, tenants, community members, and more. It’s okay to have fun, but remember to communicate clearly and stay professional.

Time management: This isn’t the same as being organized. It’s about controlling what can be controlled during each 24-hour day. Most importantly, it’s about planning ahead, which enables you to be as efficient as possible. Manage your time wisely.

REAL ESTATE ESSENTIAL

Make time every day to plan and prioritize. Start your to-do list with tasks that will make, and save, you money. Don’t start your day until you complete this plan for your time.

Keep It Simple

Whether it’s tenant communications or property renovations, the simpler you keep things, the better.

Say you purchased a six-unit apartment building and think it would look nice if each unit has a different color of carpet. That’s not keeping it simple.

First off, you’ll spend more money upfront because you’ll miss out on any discounts you could get from buying in bulk, or in a higher volume, and decorate all units at once. Later, chances are you’ll need to patch the carpet in one or more units. You can’t keep just one extra piece of carpet on hand for repairs. You have to keep six—one of each color.

It’s nice to offer options, but you need to keep your bottom line in mind at all times.

Know the Law

We go over some of the laws you should be aware of throughout this book, but it’s impossible to go over every single one, especially those that might pertain specifically to your state or town.

It’s your responsibility to look up and know the federal, state, and local investing, real estate, and management laws that apply to you. It’s easy to look them up on reliable sites online, so don’t get in trouble because you returned a deposit late and didn’t know the law specified how much time you had to do so. Or don’t end up in litigation because you refused to rent to an individual who owns a service dog.

When you know the law and you’re not just guessing at it, you have more authority in all your tenant interactions.

Trust Your Gut

Not everything in property management is about specific rules, laws, and policies. Sometimes you just need to slow down for a minute, think through a situation, and trust your gut.

If something doesn’t feel right about a potential vendor, for example, don’t hire him. If a salesperson is trying to sell you a new roof and you’re not quite sure she’s on the up and up, get a second opinion before you shell out any cash. If a potential tenant tells you about his or her job and something seems off, get a reference before you rent.

Micromanage Your Property

This isn’t something you typically hear, right? In many cases, micromanaging is frowned upon. When you’re doing a job, do you want your boss looking over your shoulder, scrutinizing every detail of the work he gave you, pointing out where you’ve done something wrong or different from the way he’d do it? No, you want to get the work done and get it back to him. That’s what’s important.

It’s a bit different when it comes to real estate investing. When you’ve invested in a property and you want to turn a profit, you need to micromanage every little detail. Don’t take a laid-back approach to renting out your property. Successful landlords know they need to be hands-on.

You need to provide tenants with a property manual, map, and guide on how the property works that contains key information they need to know, such as what to do with the trash or who to contact for maintenance emergencies. You should inform tenants on how to disconnect hoses at the end of the season or who to call if the pilot light goes out on the furnace.

The more information you provide your tenants, the more likely they are to take care of the property.

RENTAL REMINDER

Stay in your property for a night before you rent it out. Many issues won’t come to light until you live like your tenant. Then you’ll know exactly what you need to do to prevent a negative experience (and likely negative review) related to your property.

Focus on Your Tenants

It sounds simple enough, but give your tenants your utmost attention. Maintain good communications with them at all times. Doing so pays off time and time again with repeat business and referrals.

Don’t think of tenants as “bothering” you when they reach out to you. Successful landlords know that being “bothered” comes with the territory. Always make yourself available to your tenants by giving them your cell phone number and email address. And be sure you respond in a timely manner!

Treating your tenants well and responding to them quickly is the best way to ensure you maintain a great reputation.

Establish Systems in Place

Your number-one goal of owning rental real estate is to make money. To help make that happen, you can’t spend all your time running around trying to get something fixed on the property. Instead, you should have systems in place that help you get and stay organized so you can accomplish your landlording tasks efficiently and cost effectively.

Start by creating as many organizational systems as you can. For example, Kimberly makes liberal use of binders and folders with pockets and dividers. She has a binder or folder for each of her properties in which she keeps documents, records, and maintenance logs connected to that property.

REAL ESTATE ESSENTIAL

Numerous cloud-based property management programs are available to help you keep track of details on your property. We share a few in Appendix B.

Store appliance warranties and operating guides in a labeled binder or folder, too. If the property came with a stove, you were probably given an operating manual when you signed the contract. Put it in the binder. As you purchase new items, get in the habit of storing the operating manuals in the same binder or in another logical, easy-to-access location.

If you don’t have operating manuals for your systems, look online for them. You can often search for the brand, make, and serial number of a product and download the operating manual. Save a copy to your hard drive, or print it out and store it for future reference.

Maintenance Logs

Maintenance logs are a must for you to keep track of what gets fixed, when it gets fixed, and by what vendor. Save copies of all your maintenance logs in a folder or file. Also save any quotes you obtained on work to be done, any invoices you received on work that was already done, and receipts of items you purchased.

Track the date of purchase and the make, model, and serial number of all appliances and mechanical items on the property, such as the furnace and water heater. You need these for insurance and maintenance, and they’ll come in handy when you need to order replacement parts.

It might seem easy enough to remember these items in your head, but the benefits of recording all the details and storing them in one location are worth it. For example, if a tenant damages the carpet in his unit, you’ll want to hold him accountable. You need to prove when the carpet was purchased in order to establish what you can charge the tenant for its replacement.

Or say a toilet is leaking and you have called a plumber to fix it. The plumber says it was fixed, but it keeps leaking. You’ll want to keep track of how many times you had to call the plumber back to fix an ongoing problem and hold him accountable for the work he said he did.

In your maintenance log, keep a list of possible maintenance items both inside and outside the property, and put together a seasonal projects list so you know up front what needs to be handled when—and so you’re not surprised by something later.

On your winter maintenance list, include handling snow removal and checking the pipes so they don’t freeze. The spring list should include watching for stagnate water and possible mold. In the summer, your list should include air-conditioner maintenance, and in the fall, preventing pests is a big concern.

Also note on your calendar those recurring items that aren’t tied to a specific season, such as changing filters.

Keys and Property Access

Great landlords go out of their way to ensure that their tenants feel comfortable and secure in their rental. To provide a secure property for your tenant, you should have a system in place for managing security issues.

Maintain information on any keys, security cards, garage door openers, and the like you give your tenants. In fact, stop reading this book right now and make a copy of the key to your rental property, label it, and put it away for safe storage.

WATCH OUT

When making duplicate keys, use the oldest key as your master. Each duplicate has slight variations and won’t work as well, making it difficult to unlock the door.

For security purposes, do not write the full property address on the keychain. If you lose the key, it can be traced back to your property, which might force you to re-key all the locks on your property. That can be quite an expense! Kwikset manufactures locks homeowners can re-key themselves without calling a locksmith. These could be a worthwhile investment, especially if security in your area is of concern.

You’ll need keys for you, your tenant, and any vendors who need access to the property. You should store the master and these spare keys in a key box (these are available from property management supply stores), or you could just put them in an envelope in a filing cabinet if your office is outside of the building. Wherever you decide to locate it, be sure it’s safe. There’s nothing more embarrassing than calling a locksmith to get into your own property because you lost your key.

You’ll also want to write down the make, model, and code of the garage opener, if your rental has one, so you can replace it if it’s lost. Record the serial numbers of any and all access cards, too, so you can have them deactivated if they’re lost or misplaced.

Finally, ask yourself these questions and put systems in place for handling the issues they raise:

Emergency Plans

Nobody wants to think about it, but it’s vital to create a plan of action for natural and man-made disasters. Is your area prone to floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, extreme weather, or wildfires? If so, make a plan to better protect your property and ensure your tenant is as safe as possible.

Start by talking with your insurance agent, neighborhood police department, or local fire department. These sources will have great information that can get you started.

Changing Information

Throughout the book, we give you key information on landlording, but there’s so much more out there for you to learn. Laws change all the time, trends come and go, and tips and shortcuts are always being found that can help you to do your job better. So stay informed.

You can join a property manager organization such as the National Association of Residential Property Managers, attend trade shows and conferences, take real estate classes, or follow informative blogs. Or set up a Google Alert for terms like landlord or rental law to be sure you’re up-to-date when anything new comes about.

Get It in Writing

You just purchased a very expensive investment—your rental property. Your goal for that property is to make residual income from it for the life of your investment. It’s essential that you protect your rental property by getting all arrangements in writing.

Always give a receipt when your tenant gives you a security deposit, for example, and note the amount specifically listed in the written agreement. Otherwise, at the end of the lease when your tenant wants his or her security deposit back, you’ll be in trouble if you didn’t provide a receipt originally or you don’t have it in the written agreement. You can purchase state-specific leases online or at local office supply stores that help you better maintain this information.

WATCH OUT

Oral agreements are legal for month-to-month tenancies and, in most states, for leases up to a year. However, they often lead to disputes when the parties remember the agreement differently. (That’s another good reason to get everything in writing.) If you do accept an oral agreement, keep in mind that oral leases that exceed 1 year automatically become a month-to-month agreement at the end of the first year. Also, the amount of notice needed for rental increases or termination typically is calculated based on the time between rent payments. If you collect rent monthly, for example, you’d need to give 30 days’ notice. Check your state and local statues. Oral agreement statutes may vary.

Be sure you have every detail in writing—the terms of the lease, pet rules, smoking rules, departure notice requirements, and even authorization you have to enter the property for maintenance issues. Your tenant must agree to and sign the agreement.

Rental Rates

One thing you need to get in writing is the rental rate for your property. As a new landlord, how you price your property is vital to your financial success. If your rent is too high, the property will sit vacant and you’ll lose money month after month. If the rent is too low, you’ll be leaving money on the table you’ll never be able to get back.

Smart pricing hits the appropriate target market and optimizes your income. But how do you determine the optimal rental rate? Rental rates are generally determined by the area where the property is located, the style and quality of the property, and the number of bedrooms. Remember those notes you made earlier on the local market rates to determine how they were trending? Review those notes now to help you determine the right rental rate for your property.

Keep in mind, however, that there are a few items tenants may be willing to pay a higher rent for, such as parking—especially secure parking, a washer/dryer in the unit or in the building, security systems, air conditioners, pet acceptance, or extra storage.

When you decide on your rental rate, be sure it’s included in writing in the lease.

REAL ESTATE ESSENTIAL

Should you offer a discount if a tenant pays multiple months in advance? It depends. What’s the value to you? You don’t have the hassle of collecting rent every month, but is there any value to you for getting this money in advance? Perhaps you have a large credit card bill with a high interest rate you could pay off with this money. Or could you use the cash as a down payment on your next property? Will you have cash flow issues in later months when you’re not collecting rent because you used the money now? Be sure there’s a monetary value to you for receiving rent in advance before you offer a discount.

Rental Agreement Versus Lease

Do you know the difference between a rental agreement and a lease? Few do. Before you rent your property, you need to understand how these two contracts differ and decide what’s best for you and your rental.

At first glance, rental agreements and leases can look very similar. Both list the terms of the rental contract, such as the rent and deposits required, number of occupants, and basic rules for tenants to follow.

The main difference between the two contracts is the length of the tenancy, or how long the tenant will rent the property. A lease is generally for a longer, fixed amount of time, typically for 1 year, while a rental agreement is generally month-to-month. A rental agreement is just as legally binding as a lease, but it allows for either party to get out of the contract with a written 30 days’ notice.

A lease agreement is the document you have your tenants sign once the application process is approved but before they move in. It’s the most important document in property management. It outlines definite beginning and ending dates and protects the tenant against rent increases or changes until the end of the term. You cannot break a lease or force tenants to move without cause unless they fail to pay rent or violate other terms of the lease or applicable laws. (You could, however, evict a tenant for selling drugs or damaging the rental unit.)

Like any contract, for a lease to be valid, it must meet certain legal requirements:

Mutual agreement: All parties must reach a mutual agreement regarding all the terms of the contract.

Consideration: The contract must be supported by some form of legal payment, typically rent.

Capacity to contract: The parties involved must have the legal capacity to contract.

RENTAL REMINDER

Anyone can sign a lease, but not everyone will be legally responsible for the signing. For two parties to be in a rental contract, each party must be a competent adult at least 18 years of age. As a landlord, you can legally contract with someone under age 18 if that person has been declared a legal adult through a court-issued emancipation, military service, marriage, or court order.

Legal objectives: The objectives of the contract must be legal.

Signatures: The lease must be signed by the landlord because the courts consider the lease as a conveyance of real estate. A lease need not be signed by the tenant because through possession and payment of rent, the tenant is accepting the terms of the lease.

Description of property: A description of the property must be included in the lease. Generally this is the address of the property.

Create a boilerplate, or template, lease agreement you can use for every tenant. Lease terms are state-specific, and you can find these online or request them from your attorney for your state. In fact, your attorney is likely to have templates he or she can customize for you. Have a lawyer review any template you’re planning to use. It should take your attorney no more than an hour to read your agreement and provide feedback. It’s a small price to pay to protect yourself for years to come!

Rules and Clauses

Certain items must be included in a lease to make it valid, as noted in the preceding section, but above and beyond that, you have the right to include more.

A lease is designed to provide a level of legal protection for the tenant as well as for the landlord. However, landlords frequently add clauses to leases to account for future tenant issues based on what they’ve experienced with current or past tenants. That’s fine for you to do, but be sure to have a real estate attorney review any additional clauses you include in your lease.

More often than not, if Kimberly adds a clause to a lease, it’s because she wants the tenant to take a policy seriously, not that she expects to be fighting them in court. For example, if she includes a “no smoking” clause in the lease, she’s found that tenants are less likely to smoke in the property than if she just asks them nicely.

Disclosures

In addition to the clauses, there may be items you need to disclose to cover yourself on future liabilities. Some disclosures are required by law on specific properties. The most common disclosure is the lead-based paint disclosure required on properties built before 1978.

Congress passed the Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992, also known as Title X, to protect families from exposure to lead from paint, dust, and soil. Section 1018 of this law directed the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to require the disclosure of known lead-based paint and lead-based paint hazards before the sale or lease of most housing built before 1978. (You can learn more at hud.gov.)

A lead disclosure form must meet the specific requirements set by the EPA. In addition, tenants must receive a copy of the EPA booklet, “Protect Your Family from Lead in Your Home.” (To learn more, log on to epa.gov.)

Landlords are required to disclose any information regarding the safety of conditions of the rental property prior to having the tenant sign a lease or rental agreement.

Penalties for not complying with EPA disclosures can range from a reprimand up to criminal fines of $11,000 per violation. You also could be ordered to pay up to three times an injured party’s actual damages.

WATCH OUT

Don’t lose money because you didn’t give the tenant a lead-based paint disclosure and then get fined. Keep a copy on file so you can send it to potential tenants when you send them their tenant application information.

Other Policies

Here are a few more common policies you might want to add to a residential lease:

Guests: With this policy, you can limit the number of guests and the length of time they can stay in your rental property. Typically, a guest shouldn’t be allowed to stay for more than 2 weeks within a 12-month period. Guests who stay longer could be considered additional occupants and then can be asked to leave or added with an addendum to the original lease and subject to a rental increase.

You could word the guest policy like this:

Lessee shall not permit any persons, other than those listed on the lease and minor children born or adopted into the household during this tenancy, to reside on the premises for more than 14 days every 12-month period without the prior written approval of the lessor.

DEFINITION

The lessor is the person who rents or leases property to another. In residential leasing, he or she is often referred to as the landlord. The lessee is the person to whom property is rented or leased. In residential leasing, he or she is often referred to as the tenant.

State laws specify how many occupants can legally reside in a specific size of rental, so adding additional permanent occupants may be a violation of the law and be terms for eviction.

Roommates: Roommates are different from guests. There are official roommates who are listed on the lease, and there are those who come and go without your knowledge and without your having the opportunity to properly screen or interview them.

You can put a policy into your lease or rental agreement stating that you are to be notified if there’s a change to or addition of a roommate and that you make the final decision regarding the admission of a new roommate.

The biggest problem with roommates is the lack of individual responsibility. Roommates frequently try to pass off responsibility for rent, damages, or other problems to the other party.

Specify in the lease who will take responsibility when one roommate moves out. Also in the event of a security deposit transfer, note that the transfer will take place between the occupants and will not affect the existing deposit on file with the lessor. For example, you can write this in the agreement:

Lessee understands that if an occupant or occupants occupying the unit decide to vacate the unit and want to be removed from the lease or rental agreement, these actions must be approved by the lessor. If lessee wants to substitute for another person for the remainder of the term, the lessor must also approve all changes. The lessor has the right to interview and accept or deny any applicant per the lessor’s policy.

Subletting: There’s a difference between roommates and subletting. A sublease is a lease given by a lessee for a portion of the leasehold interest, while the lessee retains some reversionary interest. Think of it like this: you’ve rented the property to someone; they then rent part of the property to someone else and collect rent from them. You don’t collect rent from the subletter.

It’s best to just say no to sublets. Often you rent the property to someone, they decide to sublet, and they charge a higher rent than what you are charging them and pocket the difference. In most cases, you won’t have any idea you have a new tenant.

Subletting gets even more complicated when you stop getting paid rent and have to proceed with an eviction. Check with your local state laws for the best course of action here. In most states, you need to evict both the original and the subletting tenants separately.

Lease assignment: To throw one more situation at you, a lease assignment is different from subletting. A lease assignment occurs when the tenant finds a new tenant to take over the lease and the tenancy is transferred from one person to another.

Be sure you stay involved in the process and qualify the new person the same way you did the original tenant.

Smoking: You have the legal right to choose whether you want your property to be smoking or nonsmoking. You cannot discriminate against a tenant just because he or she smokes, but you can require they not smoke inside the property. Smoke is a very difficult smell to remove from inside a property, and often a property previously occupied by a smoker is less appealing to future tenants.

You can word the policy like this:

Lessee agrees that no persons shall smoke cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or other items inside the premises.

Talk to your insurance agent about the pros and cons of smoking versus nonsmoking rentals. There may also be some financial benefits on your insurance premium to being a nonsmoking property.

Bed bugs and pests: Bed bugs have become a common occurrence in rental properties and can cost thousands of dollars to eradicate. The National Apartment Association has created strict guidelines that can require tenants to be financially responsible for bed bug eradication should they be found in the tenant’s rental unit. Check with your local state agencies to better understand the laws that apply to your property.

Lease agreements often contain a clause about pest control issues, including the responsibilities of the tenant to comply with procedural treatments, move or treat furniture, or even vacate, if necessary.

You can word the policy like this:

If bed bugs are found in your rental property as a result of your activity, you may be required to pay all reasonable costs of cleaning and pest control treatments incurred by us to treat your dwelling unit for bed bugs. If we confirm the presence or infestation of bed bugs after you vacate your dwelling, you may be responsible for the cost of cleaning and pest control treatments.

As a landlord, you have a responsibility to treat any pest problems immediately or risk it spreading, which could result in legal action from your tenants.

Illegal activities: Obviously, you don’t want illegal activities taking place in your rental property, but it’s beneficial to state the obvious and include a clause in the lease. Word the policy like this:

Lessee agrees no resident or guest shall engage in any type of illegal activity on or near the premise. Lessee agrees that any violation of this policy shall be cause for termination of tenancy.

WATCH OUT

Should you suspect any illegal activity, do not try to investigate on your own. Call your local police department to report the situation.

Noise complaints: This is a common complaint, so give yourself some leverage to deal with noise by including a policy in your lease. Word the policy like this:

Lessee agrees to refrain from making loud noises and disturbances so as to not disturb others around them.

However, keep in mind that “loud noise” is subject to interpretation. Depending on how well insulated your property is, this may or may not be an issue.

Parking: If you offer parking as part of the rental agreement, be sure you are specific as to where the spot is, the size of vehicle that can be accommodated, and ramifications if the parking policy is violated. Word the policy like this:

Lessee understands parking spaces are unit specific. Parking details for this unit are as follows:

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Lessee understands that vehicles may be towed if not parked in designated parking space. Any parking cards, garage openers, and the like not returned will result in an additional charge of $__________.

Property alterations and decorating: You may be okay with the tenant painting a wall a different color, but be sure he or she doesn’t break through drywall to, say, add a door without getting approval from you. Word the policy like this:

Lessee will not, without the prior written consent of lessor, make any alterations, improvements, or additions.

Military representation: The purpose of this clause is so you can know if any resident in your property is currently a member of the armed forces. This information is important because military personnel are subject to additional laws and may be able to break a lease if they are deployed or for other circumstances.

Word the policy like this:

Lessee …

is

is not

… an active member of the armed forces.

Lessees’ individual identification number is: __________.

Liquidated damages: This clause is a good idea. This is an amount predetermined by both parties as the total amount of compensation an injured party should receive if the other party breaches a specified part of the contract. To be enforceable, the liquidated damages clause must set forth an amount that’s reasonable to the breach. Check with your specific state; some have statutory guidelines on what’s a reasonable amount.

Facts About Fido

Every landlord has a good and bad pet story to tell you. But pets are a way of life, and you need to accommodate them, so start thinking about your pet policy now.

If you have a property that’s not in a high-demand area, allowing pets might be an attraction to potential tenants. Yes, pets can cause damage to rental properties, but they also can increase the rental rate on your property to cover any potential damage. You can demand a larger security deposit, too.

You might even be able to charge a higher departure fee if a pet is involved. (Be sure you use the fee to have the carpets and upholstery cleaned to make the property ready for the next tenant who may be allergic to pets.) Most tenants with pets expect this, and they’re happy to oblige.

If you decide to allow pets, be specific with the clause. What type of pets? How many? What size? Be sure you outline the rules on what you can expect your property (inside and out) to look like while the tenant lives there and upon departure. Spell out in your contract if the pet chews through the wood floor, for example, who’s responsible for damages.

Be sure your lease also has a clause for undisclosed pets. Word the policy like this:

Pets shall not be allowed without the prior written consent of the lessor. Lessee agrees to pay $__________ for any undisclosed pets, plus cover the costs of any damage incurred as the result of any pet.

If you do allow pets, ask potential tenants the following questions so you get a better idea of what animals they might bring with them:

What type of pet do you have? Some animals are more rental-friendly than others.

How many do you have? It’s wise to limit the number of pets to one large animal or two small animals.

How old are they? Are they trained? You don’t want a puppy marking up your carpet or chewing your door. Be sure the animal is at least 1 year old and house-trained.

Are they noisy? Dogs like to bark, especially at strangers, which can be annoying and disruptive to neighbors. Set a policy that the dog will be outside only when supervised by the owner. You may even set hours (for example, the dog can’t be outside after 10 P.M.) to ensure the dog isn’t barking late at night.

What breed dog are they? Most breeds are fine, but you might want to prevent breeds that could be considered dangerous to the families living around you.

WATCH OUT

A dangerous animal might require you to change your homeowner’s insurance. Some dog breeds are even prohibited by local laws.

Are they up-to-date on vaccinations? You don’t want animals who are carrying or exposed to disease living in your property. Ask for proof of up-to-date vaccinations.

Finally, ask for letters of recommendation. These can be helpful, especially if they’re from a previous landlord. Many pet owners already have these available.

The Least You Need to Know